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E-raamat: Freight Forwarding and Multi Modal Transport Contracts

(Cardiff University, UK)
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Freight Forwarding and Multimodal Transport Contracts, 2nd Edition, is a comprehensive guide to the law in relation to contract forms and terms created by operators, trade associations or international bodies such as the UN and used as a basis for trading conditions by freight forwarders, logistics suppliers, combined or multimodal transport operators and container operators.

This second edition examines the latest editions of contract forms and terms, both where their object is the supply or procurement of multimodal carriage, as well as where they are directed to the use of combined transport equipment (ie containers, swap bodies). Of particular prominence will be a detailed examination of the latest versions of conditions used by the principal UK forwarding, logistics, intermodal and container operators such as the British International Freight Association (BIFA) conditions 2005A and the current Freightliner Conditions as well as updates on many of the conditions in use and legal developments relevant to them, eg Road Haulage Association Conditions 2009, Maersk Conditions of Carriage, TT Club Conditions.

Preface to Second Edition vii
Preface to First Edition ix
Table of Cases
xix
Table of Legislation
lv
Table of International Conventions
lix
Table of Standard Forms
lxv
Bibliographical and Other Abbreviations lxxiii
1 Introduction And Overview
1(1)
1A Introduction
1(6)
1B Terminology And Practice
7(20)
1B1 Definitions
7(4)
1B2 Unit Load Devices
11(5)
1B3 Practical Context Of Operations
16(11)
1C The Development Of Forms Of Contract
27
1C1 The Early Stages
28(4)
1C2 Second Generation Bills And Tcm
32(5)
1C3 Mmtc And Later Developments
37(5)
1C4 The Development And Current Forms
42
2 Freight Forwarding Conditions
1(1)
2A Introduction
1(8)
2B Incorporation Of General Conditions
9(10)
2C Standard Terms Of Contract
19
2C1 Definitions And Application
19(1)
2C.1.1 Forwarding And Logistics Activities
20(1)
2C.1.2 The Contracting Parties
21(3)
2C2 Compulsory Legislation
24(1)
2C.2.1 Regimes Of Liability
25(1)
2C.2.2 The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
26(3)
2C.2.3 Directive On Unfair Terms In Consumer Contracts
29(1)
2C.2.4 Paramount Clauses
30(1)
2C.2.5 Severence
31(2)
2C3 Authority Conditions
33(1)
2C.3.1 Express And Implied Warranties Of Authority
34(4)
2C.3.2 Authority Of The Owner
38(6)
2C4 Status Of The Forwarder
44(1)
2C.4.1 Introduction To The Roles Of The Forwarder
45(7)
2C.4.2 The Different Roles In Detail
52(15)
2C.4.3 Criteria Determining Status
67(14)
2C.4.4 The Significance Of Bills Of Lading
81(14)
2C5 Responsibilities Of The Forwarder Or Logistics Provider
95(1)
2C.5.1 Introduction---Duty Of Care And Other Obligations
96(3)
2C.5.2 Gratuitous Services
99(3)
2C.5.3 Extent Of Duty
102(6)
2C.5.4 Summary Of Case Law On Forwarders' Duty Of Care
108(15)
2C.5.5 Duty Of Good Faith
123(1)
2C6 Liberties Of The Forwarder---As Agent
124(1)
2C.6.1 Interrelationship Of Clauses
125(1)
2C.6.2 Discretion And Instructions
126(4)
2C.6.3 Application Of Ucta
130(2)
2C.6.4 Obedience And Negligence
132(1)
2C.6.5 Choice Of Terms
133(1)
2C7 Liberties Of The Forwarder---As Principal
134(1)
2C.7.1 Liberty And Instructions
135(1)
2C.7.2 Liberty To Deviate
136(3)
2C.7.3 Choice Of Safest Method
139(1)
2C.7.4 Subcontracting
140(1)
2C8 Liberty To Delegate
141(1)
2C.8.1 Delegation Of Agency
142(2)
2C.8.2 Privity Of Contract With Sub-Agent
144(3)
2C9 Rights Of Lien
147(1)
2C.9.1 Rights Of Particular Lien
148(7)
2C.9.2 Rights Of General Lien
155(4)
2C.9.3 The Need For Possession
159(2)
2C.9.4 Lien Only For Sums Due
161(1)
2C.9.5 Active Lien
162(2)
2C.9.6 Effect Of Compulsory Rules
164(2)
2C10 Brokerages And Commissions
166(2)
2C11 Delivery
168(1)
2C.11.1 Delivery And Transit Clauses
169(6)
2C.11.2 Power Of Sale
175(3)
2C12 Limitations Of Performance---Insurance
178(1)
2C.12.1 Clauses Limiting Performance
179(2)
2C.12.2 No Duty To Insure At Common Law
181(1)
2C.12.3 Effect Of Clauses Excluding An Obligation To Insure
182(1)
2C.12.4 The Forwarder Effecting Insurance As Agent
183(4)
2C13 Collection Arrangements
187(1)
2C.13.1 Restrictions On Responsibility For Cash On Delivery Arrangements
188(2)
2C.13.2 Exclusion Of Liability
190(2)
2C14 Advice And Information
192(1)
2C.14.1 Liability For Negligent Misstatement
193(4)
2C.14.2 Contractual And Other Bases Of Liability
197(3)
2C.14.3 Effects Of Disclaimer
200(3)
2C15 Restrictions On Acceptable Goods
203(1)
2C.15.1 Restricting Duties And Responsibilities For Valuable And Dangerous Goods
204(5)
2C.15.2 Dealing With Dangerous Goods Where Accepted
209(2)
2C16 Rates And Declarations
211(3)
2C17 Customer Obligations---Warranties
214(1)
2C.17.1 The Forwarder's Scheme Of Protection
215(2)
2C.17.2 Warranties As To Goods And Interrelationship With Protection Implied In Law
217(6)
2C.17.3 Description And Particulars Of Goods
223(5)
2C.17.4 Warranty That Goods Properly Packed Etc.
228(1)
2C.17.5 Warranty As To Transport Unit
229(5)
2C18 Customer Obligations---Dangerous Goods
234(1)
2C.18.1 Express Indemnity For Dangerous And Harmful Goods
235(5)
2C.18.2 Causation And Remoteness Issues In Respect Of Liability And Indemnity For Dangerous Goods
240(1)
2C.18.3 Scope Of Indemnity---Personal Injury And Negligence
241(3)
2C19 Customer Obligations---Promise Not To Sue
244(1)
2C.19.1 Clauses Used To Protect Servants, Etc.
245(2)
2C.19.2 Undertakings Not To Sue
247(3)
2C20 Customer Obligations---General Indemnities
250(1)
2C.20.1 Scope Of General Indemnities And Effect Of Particular Words
251(5)
2C.20.2 Need For Notice Of Claim?
256(1)
2C.20.3 Covering Liability For Negligence?
257(1)
2C.20.4 How Far Is Protection Extended Beyond Common Law?
258(6)
2C.20.5 Circular Indemnity
264(2)
2C21 Customer Obligations---Payment
266(1)
2C.21.1 Payment Of Sums When Due
267(5)
2C.21.2 The Right Of Set-Off Under The General Law
272(3)
2C.21.3 The Rule Against Deductions From Freight
275(2)
2C.21.4 Restricting The Right Of Set-Off
277(1)
2C.21.5 Payment Of Interest
278(3)
2C.21.6 Collection Of Freight Etc From Consignee---Continuing Duty Of The Customer
281(1)
2C22 Exclusion Of Liability
282(1)
2C.22.1 Exclusion Clauses And Context Of Bifa Clause 24
283(3)
2C.22.2 Specified Causes
286(2)
2C.22.3 Burden Of Proof
288(1)
2C.22.4 Reasonableness
289(2)
2C.22.5 Liability For Delay
291(1)
2C23 Limitation Of Liability
292(1)
2C.23.1 Limitation Of Liability Clauses---Interrelationship Of Limits
293(2)
2C.23.2 Limiting Liability For Negligence, Collateral Undertakings And Fundamental Breach
295(2)
2C.23.3 Unexplained Causes And Fundamental Or Serious Breach
297(1)
2C.23.4 The Value Of The Goods For The Purpose Of Fixing Compensation
298(2)
2C.23.5 Reasonableness And Compulsory Rules
300(4)
2C24 Limitation Of Action
304(1)
2C.24.1 Notice Of Claims And Time Limits
305(2)
2C.24.2 Width Of Notice And Time Limit Clauses
307(1)
2C.24.3 Reasonableness And Compulsory Rules
308(3)
2C.24.4 Bringing Suit
311(4)
2C25 Law And Jurisdiction
315(1)
2C.25.1 Express Choice Of Law
316(4)
2C.25.2 Absence Of An Express Choice
320(4)
2C.25.3 Claims In Tort And Other Non-Contractual Claims
324(5)
2C.25.4 Exclusive Jurisdiction Clauses
329(22)
2C.25.5 Where There Is No Exclusive Jurisdiction Clause
351
3 Multimodal Transport
1(1)
3A Introduction
1(3)
3B Through Bills And Liability
4(35)
3B1 Introduction
5(1)
3B2 Types Of Through Bill
6(1)
3B3 Through Liability Bills
7(2)
3B4 Segmented Liability Bills
9(2)
3B5 Unclear Agency Clauses
11(3)
3B6 Scope Of Carriage And Himalaya Clauses
14(10)
3B7 Issues Of Segmented Responsibility
24(10)
3B8 Through Bills Of Lading And The Hague Rules
34(5)
3C Combined Transport Bills Of Lading
39(54)
3C1 Introduction
39(7)
3C2 The Icc Uniform Rules For A Combined Transport Document 1975, Brochure No. 298
46(1)
3C.2.1 Introduction
46(2)
3C3 Icc Rules: Application And Definitions
48(1)
3C.3.1 Application Of Icc Rules And The Definition Of Combined Transport
49(3)
3C.3.2 Port To Port And Combined Transport Bills Of Lading
52(3)
3C4 Icc Rules: Documentation
55(1)
3C.4.1 Negotiable Or Non-Negotiable Documents
56(3)
3C5 Icc Rules: Cto Responsibilities
59(1)
3C.5.1 Undertaking To Perform Or Procure Performance
60(1)
3C6 Icc Rules: Liability Of The Cto
61(1)
3C.6.1 Network Scheme Of Liability And Limitation
62(7)
3C.6.2 Cases On The Construction Of Combined Transport Documents
69(9)
3C.6.3 Combined Transport Documents And Mandatory Rules
78(13)
3C7 Responsibility Of The Consignor
91(1)
3C8 Claims And Actions
92(1)
3D Multimodal Transport---The International Multimodal Transport Convention 1980
93(29)
3D1 Introduction
93(4)
3D2 Definitions And Application Of The Convention
97(1)
3D.2.1 Applications To Multimodal Transport Contracts
98(4)
3D3 Documentation
102(1)
3D.3.1 The Multimodal Transport Document
103(3)
3D4 Liability Of The Mto
106(1)
3D.4.1 Modified Network System
107(8)
3D5 Liability Of The Consignor
115(1)
3D6 Claims And Actions
116(1)
3D7 Contractual Stipulations
117(1)
3D8 Saving Provisions
118(1)
3D.8.1 Conflict Of Conventions
119(3)
3E Multidoc---The Unctad/Icc Rules
122(21)
3E1 Introduction
122(2)
3E2 Definitions And Applications Of The Unctad/Icc Rules
124(1)
3E.2.1 Object And Application Of The Rules
125(1)
3E3 Documentation And Responsibilities Of The Mto
126(1)
3E.3.1 The Multimodal Transport Document And The Responsibilities Of The Mto
127(1)
3E4 Liability Of The Mto
128(1)
3E.4.1 Liability For Loss, Damage Or Delay
129(3)
3E5 Compensation And Limitation Of Liability
132(1)
3E.5.1 Limitation Of Liability
133(3)
3E6 Liability Of The Consignor
136(1)
3E.6.1 Comparison Of Provisions
137(1)
3E7 Claims And Actions
138(1)
3E8 Non-Contractual Claims
139(1)
3E.8.1 Himalaya Protection
140(3)
3F United Nations Convention On Contracts For The International Carriage Of Goods Wholly Or Partly By Sea---The Rotterdam Rules
143
3F1 Introduction
143(4)
3F2 The Convention And Multimodal Transport---Application, Parties And Documents
147(1)
3F.2.1 Application To Contracts And Operators, Exclusion And Derogation
148(8)
3F.2.2 New Documentation In A Virtual World
156(3)
3F3 Use Of Documents
159(1)
3F.3.1 Particulars In And Evidential Effect Of Documentation
160(5)
3F.3.2 Use Of Documents
165(5)
3F4 The Convention And Multimodal Transport---Liability And Conflicts In A Multimodal Context
170(1)
3F.4.1 Towards A New Network System?
171
4 Conditions Relevant To Unit-Loads
1(468)
4A Introduction
1(1)
4B Carriage By Rail---Freightliner Conditions
2(32)
4B1 Definitions
5(1)
4B.1.1 The Containers And/Or Goods As A Consignment
6(1)
4B2 Basis For Providing Containers
7(1)
4B.2.1 Container Safety Regulations
8(1)
4B3 Warranties And Obligations Of The Sender
9(2)
4B4 Parties And Subcontracting
11(1)
4B.4.1 Indirect Protective Clauses
12(4)
4B5 Marks And Consignment Notes
16(2)
4B6 Dangerous Consignments
18(1)
4B.6.1 Dangerous Goods Regulations
19(1)
4B7 Loading And Unloading
20(1)
4B8 Transit And Storage
21(1)
4B9 Charges And Lien
22(1)
4B10 Liability And Limits
23(4)
4B11 The Nature Of Transport And Additional Conditions
27(1)
4B.11.1 Application Of The Cim Rules And The Cmr Convention
28(6)
4C Carriage By Rail---Intercontainer-Interfrigo (Icf) General Conditions Applicable To Combined Transport 2000
34(27)
4C1 Introduction
34(3)
4C2 Definitions And Preamble
37(1)
4C.2.1 Introductory Conditions
37(1)
4C.2.2 Classification Of The Contract
38(3)
4C3 Offers And Agreements
41(1)
4C.3.1 Price Variation
42(1)
4C4 Orders And Instructions
43(1)
4C.4.1 The Icf Transfer Note
44(1)
4C5 Dangerous Goods
45(1)
4C6 Provision Of Uti
46(2)
4C7 Use Of Wagons
48(2)
4C8 Condition, Loading, Storage Of Uti
50(2)
4C9 Uti Fitted For Controlled Temperature
52(2)
4C10 Impediments To Transport And Delivery
54(2)
4C11 Responsibility
56(1)
4C.11.1 The Basis Of Liability
57(4)
4D Carriage By Rail---Interfrigo Conditions 1973
61(4)
4D1 Introduction
61(1)
4D2 Liability Of Interfrigo
62(3)
4E Carriage Of Road Vehicles By Rail
65(20)
4E1 Introduction
65(1)
4E2 Preliminary Statement And Definitions
66(1)
4E.2.1 Comparison With Scope Of Previous Conditions
67(1)
4E3 Object Of The Contract, Obligations Of The Parties, Commencement And Termination Of Contracts And Operations
68(1)
4E.3.1 Start Of Contract And Nature Of Uirr Operation
69(2)
4E4 Customer's Liability For The Condition Of The Transport Unit And Merchandise
71(2)
4E5 Dangerous Or Unauthorised Goods
73(2)
4E6 Payment Terms
75(1)
4E7 Liability Of The Transporting Company
76(8)
4E8 Terms Of Indemnity And Closing Provisions
84(1)
4F Carriage By Road
85(3)
4F1 Introduction
85(1)
4F2 Definition Of Consignment
86(1)
4F.2.1 The Container As A Consignment
87(1)
4G Carriage By Sea
88(381)
4G1 Introduction
88(1)
4G2 Container Consortia
89(3)
4G3 Container Bills And Waybills Etc.
92(1)
4G.3.1 Definitions
93(2)
4G.3.2 Carrier's Tariff
95(2)
4G.3.3 Perishable Goods
97(2)
4G.3.4 Optional Stowage And Deck Cargo
99(12)
4G.3.5 Description Of Goods
111(1)
4G.3.5.1 Container Bills As Evidence Of Contents Of The Container
112(10)
4G.3.6 Shipper-Packed Containers
122(1)
4G.3.6.1 Container Supply And The Container As Packing
123(8)
4G.3.7 Limitation Of Liability
131(1)
4G.3.7.1 Package Limitation
132(337)
Index 469
David Glass has been a lecturer at Cardiff since 1977 having graduated with an LLB from the University of London. He currently lectures and tutors in International Sales and the Law of Carriage of Goods and is also the current Route Convenor of the LLM International Commercial Law Route and the Director of Postgraduate Taught Studies.