| Foreword |
|
xiii | |
| Preface |
|
xv | |
| 1 Freight logistics, distribution and transport: Concepts |
|
1 | (14) |
|
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1.2 Modes of transportation |
|
|
3 | (7) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.2.5 Intermodal transportation |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
1.2.6 Intermodal terminals |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
1.2.6.1 Containerised transport |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
1.3 Choice of carrier and transportation mode |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
1.4.1 Direct and customised shipments |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
1.4.2 Consolidated shipments |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
1.5 Distribution structures |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
References and further reading |
|
|
14 | (1) |
| 2 Location in networks |
|
15 | (42) |
|
2.1 Hub location problems |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
2.3 p-Hub median problems |
|
|
19 | (11) |
|
2.3.1 Single-allocation p-hub median problem |
|
|
19 | (9) |
|
2.3.1.1 Quadratic integer programming formulation |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
2.3.1.2 Integer linear programming formulations |
|
|
21 | (7) |
|
2.3.2 Multiple-allocation p-hub median problem |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
2.4 Capacitated hub location problems |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
2.5 Other types of hub location problems |
|
|
32 | (7) |
|
2.5.1 p-Hub centre problem |
|
|
32 | (5) |
|
2.5.2 Hub covering problem |
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
2.6 Congestion in hub location problems |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
2.7 Facility location problems |
|
|
41 | (4) |
|
2.7.1 Uncapacitated facility location problem |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
2.7.2 Capacitated facility location problem |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
2.8 Uncertainty in location problems |
|
|
45 | (9) |
|
2.8.1 Scenario-based modelling |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
|
50 | (4) |
|
2.9 Practical application: Hub location for time-sensitive cargo deliveries |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
References and further reading |
|
|
55 | (2) |
| 3 Transportation and service networks |
|
57 | (36) |
|
3.1 Features of transportation networks |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
3.3 Multi-commodity network flow and design |
|
|
61 | (11) |
|
3.3.1 Single-commodity network design problem |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
3.3.2 Shortest path problems |
|
|
62 | (5) |
|
3.3.2.1 Resource-constrained shortest path problem |
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
3.3.2.2 Multi-objective shortest path problem |
|
|
65 | (2) |
|
3.3.3 Multi-commodity network design problem |
|
|
67 | (5) |
|
3.4 Service network design |
|
|
72 | (10) |
|
3.4.1 Time-invariant formulation |
|
|
75 | (3) |
|
3.4.2 Time-space network representation |
|
|
78 | (4) |
|
3.5 Congestion in network design |
|
|
82 | (6) |
|
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
3.5.2 Network design with node congestion |
|
|
83 | (5) |
|
3.6 Practical application: Intermodal rail network service design |
|
|
88 | (4) |
|
References and further reading |
|
|
92 | (1) |
| 4 Routing problems |
|
93 | (64) |
|
4.1 Routing in freight distribution |
|
|
93 | (5) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
4.1.2 Timescales for planning and implementation |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
4.2 Travelling salesman problem |
|
|
98 | (22) |
|
4.2.1 Asymmetric formulations |
|
|
99 | (5) |
|
4.2.2 Subtours and subtour elimination for the ATSP |
|
|
104 | (13) |
|
4.2.2.1 Cutset inequalities |
|
|
104 | (4) |
|
4.2.2.2 Compact formulations |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
4.2.2.3 Compact node-ordering formulation |
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
4.2.2.4 Compact arc-ordering or flow-based formulation |
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
4.2.2.5 Compact precedence-based formulation |
|
|
114 | (3) |
|
4.2.3 Symmetric formulations |
|
|
117 | (3) |
|
4.3 Vehicle routing problem |
|
|
120 | (3) |
|
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
4.4 Capacitated vehicle routing |
|
|
123 | (10) |
|
4.4.1 Two-index formulations |
|
|
123 | (5) |
|
4.4.1.1 Cutset inequalities for tour feasibility |
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
4.4.1.2 Compact inequalities based on node-ordering for tour feasibility |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
4.4.1.3 Compact inequalities based on arc-ordering for tour feasibility |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
4.4.2 Three-index formulations |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
4.4.3 Set partitioning formulations |
|
|
130 | (3) |
|
4.5 Vehicle routing with time windows |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
4.6 Distance-constrained vehicle routing |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
4.7 Uncertainty in vehicle routing problems |
|
|
138 | (10) |
|
|
|
139 | (7) |
|
4.7.1.1 Vehicle routing problems with stochastic travel times |
|
|
141 | (5) |
|
4.7.2 Chance-constrained models |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
4.8 Dynamic vehicle routing problems |
|
|
148 | (5) |
|
4.9 Practical application: Charity collection |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
References and further reading |
|
|
156 | (1) |
| 5 Integrated routing problems |
|
157 | (18) |
|
5.1 Location-routing problem |
|
|
158 | (6) |
|
5.1.1 Formal problem definition |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
5.1.2 Formulation based on flow |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
5.1.3 Formulation based on two commodities |
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
5.2 Inventory-routing problem |
|
|
164 | (7) |
|
5.2.1 Formal problem definition |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
5.2.2 Exponential-size formulation |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
5.2.3 Polynomial-size formulation |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
5.3 Production-routing problem |
|
|
171 | (2) |
|
5.3.1 Formal problem definition |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
5.3.2 Mathematical modelling |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
References and further reading |
|
|
173 | (2) |
| 6 Green freight distribution |
|
175 | (26) |
|
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
6.1.1 Emissions and pollution |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
6.1.2 Noise and vibration |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
6.1.3 Land and resource consumption |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
6.3 Quantifying externalities |
|
|
178 | (7) |
|
6.3.1 Fuel consumption models |
|
|
179 | (6) |
|
6.3.1.1 Emission factor model |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
6.3.1.2 Average speed model |
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
6.3.1.3 Instantaneous emissions model |
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
6.4 Green freight distribution planning |
|
|
185 | (11) |
|
6.4.1 Pollution-routing problems |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
6.4.1.1 Fleet mix, fuel consumption and emissions |
|
|
188 | (6) |
|
6.4.2 Speed optimisation on fixed routes |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
6.5 Practical application: Speed optimisation in maritime shipping |
|
|
196 | (3) |
|
References and further reading |
|
|
199 | (2) |
| 7 Collaboration in freight distribution |
|
201 | (12) |
|
7.1 Cooperative game theory |
|
|
202 | (9) |
|
|
|
202 | (7) |
|
|
|
209 | (2) |
|
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
7.2 Practical application: Cooperation among freight carriers |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
References and further reading |
|
|
212 | (1) |
| 8 Methodology |
|
213 | (44) |
|
8.1 General-purpose solvers |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
8.2 Exact solution techniques |
|
|
216 | (27) |
|
8.2.1 Benders decomposition |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
8.2.2 Application to uncapacitated network design |
|
|
219 | (15) |
|
8.2.2.1 Benders decomposition using an aggregated formulation |
|
|
219 | (8) |
|
8.2.2.2 Benders decomposition using a stronger formulation |
|
|
227 | (7) |
|
8.2.3 Lagrangean relaxation |
|
|
234 | (3) |
|
8.2.4 Application to uncapacitated network design |
|
|
237 | (6) |
|
8.2.4.1 Relaxing the arc constraints |
|
|
238 | (4) |
|
8.2.4.2 Relaxing the flow constraints |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
8.3 Heuristic solution techniques |
|
|
243 | (13) |
|
8.3.1 Constructive heuristics |
|
|
246 | (2) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
8.3.3 Evaluation function |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
|
|
251 | (4) |
|
8.3.5.1 Simulated annealing |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
8.3.5.3 Variable neighbourhood descent |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
8.3.5.4 Variable neighbourhood search |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
8.3.5.5 Large neighbourhood search |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
8.3.5.6 Adaptive large neighbourhood search |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
8.3.5.7 Iterated local search |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
8.3.5.8 Genetic algorithms |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
References and further reading |
|
|
256 | (1) |
| References |
|
257 | (8) |
| Index |
|
265 | |