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E-raamat: From Basic Cardiac Imaging to Image Fusion: Core Competencies Versus Technological Progress

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Medicine
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Mar-2013
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9788847027602
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From Basic Cardiac Imaging to Image Fusion: Core Competencies Versus Technological ProgressSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Medicine
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Mar-2013
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9788847027602
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The recent development of three-dimensional imaging techniques has provided an enormous amount of information relevant to the clinical management of patients at low and high risk for coronary artery disease. However, while progress in each individual technique has been rapid, the correlation of findings obtained with radiology, nuclear medicine, and magnetic resonance imaging is still relatively neglected.In this book, qualified experts in cardiac imaging present the basic concepts of cardiac pathology and imaging and compare the findings obtained in particular subspecialties with those acquired using other techniques. In this way the reader will learn how images and techniques can be integrated in clinical practice to the benefit of the patient. In addition, it is explained how appropriate multimodality integration can reduce the patient's exposure to ionizing radiation. Physicians ranging from cardiac surgeons to internal medicine specialists and even public health administrators will find this book invaluable in understanding the role of hybrid cardiac imaging.

This book reviews the basics of cardiac pathology and imaging, and correlates findings obtained with radiology, nuclear medicine and MRI to offer a useful review of hybrid cardiac imaging. Shows how multimodal integration can help reduce exposure to radiation.
1 Cardiac Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Coronary Circulation as a Basis for Imaging
1(14)
Josef Fox
Neeta Pandit-Taskar
H. William Strauss
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Anatomy
2(1)
1.3 Physiology
3(2)
1.3.1 Circulation
3(1)
1.3.2 Mechanical Activity of the Heart
3(1)
1.3.3 Electrical Activity of the Heart
4(1)
1.4 Radionuclide Imaging
5(1)
1.5 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
5(6)
1.5.1 Single-Photon Agents Used for Perfusion Imaging
6(2)
1.5.2 Single-Photon Data Acquisition
8(2)
1.5.3 PET and Myocardial Perfusion
10(1)
1.6 Radionuclide Evaluation of Ventricular Function
11(2)
1.6.1 MUGA
11(1)
1.6.2 Data Analysis
12(1)
1.7 Imaging Cardiac Neurotransmission
13(2)
References
14(1)
2 How Should We Stress the Human Heart?
15(14)
Eliana Reyes
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Dynamic Exercise
15(2)
2.2.1 Indications
16(1)
2.2.2 Contraindications
16(1)
2.2.3 Protocols
16(1)
2.2.4 Diagnostic Performance and Accuracy
17(1)
2.2.5 Safety
17(1)
2.3 Pharmacological Agents
17(7)
2.3.1 Vasodilators
17(3)
2.3.2 Indications
20(1)
2.3.3 Contraindications
20(1)
2.3.4 Protocols
21(2)
2.3.5 Diagnostic Performance and Accuracy
23(1)
2.3.6 Safety
23(1)
2.4 Inotropic Agents
24(1)
2.4.1 Dobutamine
24(1)
2.4.2 Indications
24(1)
2.4.3 Contraindications
24(1)
2.4.4 Protocol
24(1)
2.4.5 Diagnostic Performance and Accuracy
25(1)
2.4.6 Safety
25(1)
2.5 Conclusion
25(4)
References
26(3)
3 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: The Role of SPECT, PET and CMR
29(22)
Caroline E. Veltman
Berlinda J. de Wit-van der Veen
Albert de Roos
Joanne D. Schuijf
Ernst E. van der Wall
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
29(8)
3.2.1 Principles of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
30(2)
3.2.2 Identifying CAD Using SPECT
32(2)
3.2.3 Quantifying Relative Perfusion and Function
34(2)
3.2.4 Clinical Value of Gated MPS
36(1)
3.3 Positron Emission Tomography
37(5)
3.3.1 Principles of Perfusion PET
37(2)
3.3.2 CAD Identification Using PET
39(2)
3.3.3 Myocardial Viability Imaging
41(1)
3.3.4 Clinical Utility of Perfusion PET in Assessing CAD
41(1)
3.4 Perfusion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
42(2)
3.4.1 Basic Principles of CMR Perfusion
42(1)
3.4.2 Image Interpretation
42(1)
3.4.3 Additional Imaging Protocols in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
43(1)
3.4.4 Diagnostic Value and Clinical Advantages of CMR Perfusion Imaging
44(1)
3.5 Future Perspectives
44(2)
3.5.1 Cardiac Hybrid Imaging
45(1)
3.5.2 Myocardial Computed Tomography Perfusion
45(1)
3.6 Discussion
46(5)
References
48(3)
4 Innervation of the Heart: Imaging Findings Using [ 123I]-MIBG Scintigraphy in Different Pathologies
51(20)
Denis Agostini
Kenichi Nakajima
Hein Jan Verberne
4.1 Introduction
51(14)
4.1.1 Sympathetic Innervation
51(2)
4.1.2 From Guanethidine to Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine
53(2)
4.1.3 [ 123I]-MIBG Myocardial Scintigraphy
55(1)
4.1.4 Normal Databases of Cardiac MIBG
56(3)
4.1.5 [ 123I]-MIBG Imaging in Cardiac Pathologies
59(6)
4.2 Cardiac Neurotransmission Imaging Using [ 123I]-MIBG Scintigraphy in Brain Disease
65(3)
4.2.1 Pathological Backgrounds
65(1)
4.2.2 [ 123I]-MIBG Findings in Parkinson's Disease
66(1)
4.2.3 [ 123I]-MIBG Findings in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
67(1)
4.2.4 Other Neurological Diseases
68(1)
4.3 Conclusions
68(3)
References
69(2)
5 How to Reduce the Radiation Burden in Cardiac CT
71(20)
Gianluca Pontone
5.1 Introduction
71(2)
5.2 How is Radiation Dose Estimated in MDCT Coronary Angiography
73(1)
5.3 A Brief History of MDCT Coronary Angiography
74(1)
5.4 Strategies to Minimize Radiation Dose from Cardiac MDCT
74(8)
5.4.1 Scan Length Optimization
75(1)
5.4.2 Tube Voltage and Tube Current Setup
75(1)
5.4.3 ECG-Triggered Tube-Current Modulation
76(1)
5.4.4 Dual-Source Computed Tomography
77(1)
5.4.5 Prospective ECG Triggering
78(1)
5.4.6 Increase in Number of Slices
79(1)
5.4.7 Adaptive Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm
80(1)
5.4.8 High-Pitch Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography
81(1)
5.5 Radiation Dose Associated with Different Generations of MDCT
82(4)
5.5.1 Low Generation Scanner Up to 64-MDCT
82(1)
5.5.2 Low Tube Voltage
83(1)
5.5.3 Prospective ECG-Triggering
83(1)
5.5.4 Dual Source Computed Tomography
84(1)
5.5.5 256- and 320-MDCT Scanner
85(1)
5.5.6 Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm (ASIR)
85(1)
5.5.7 Meta-Analysis
86(1)
5.6 Patient Preparation and Contrast Agent Protocol
86(2)
5.7 Conclusions
88(3)
References
88(3)
6 How to Reduce the Radiation Burden in Cardiac SPECT
91(12)
Assuero Giorgetti
Dario Genovesi
6.1 Introduction: Living at the Time of "The Radiation Issue"
91(1)
6.2 Advances in Single-Photon-Emission Computed Tomography Cameras
92(3)
6.2.1 Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Technology
92(1)
6.2.2 Other SPECT Cameras
93(2)
6.3 Advances in Reconstruction Software
95(1)
6.4 One Face of the Coin: Reducing Imaging Time and Saving Money
95(2)
6.5 The Other Face of the Coin: Reducing Dose and Radiation Burden to the Patient
97(2)
6.6 Conclusion: Nuclear Cardiology at the Time of the "Ulysses Syndrome"
99(4)
References
100(3)
7 Will 3D Imaging of the Heart Replace Pathology?
103(12)
Alessia Gimelli
Elena Filidei
7.1 Introduction
103(1)
7.1.1 Limitations of 2D Imaging
103(1)
7.1.2 Possibilities Using 3D Imaging
103(1)
7.2 Anatomical Measurements
104(2)
7.2.1 Left Ventricular Morphology
104(1)
7.2.2 Right Ventricular Function
104(1)
7.2.3 Myocardial Performance
105(1)
7.3 Functional Evaluation
106(2)
7.3.1 Functional Risk Assessment Versus Noninvasive Coronary Angiography
107(1)
7.4 Myocardial Fibrosis: 3D Evaluation of Interstitium
108(2)
7.4.1 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Methods
108(1)
7.4.2 Nuclear Cardiology Techniques
109(1)
7.4.3 Contractile Reserve
109(1)
7.4.4 Cardiac Innervation
109(1)
7.5 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Revascularization
110(1)
7.6 Proper Diagnostic Workup
111(1)
7.7 Conclusions
111(4)
References
111(4)
8 Image Fusion and Coregistration: State of the (He)art
115(10)
Stephan G. Nekolla
Christoph Rischpler
Martina Marinelli
8.1 Introduction
115(1)
8.2 Regulatory Issues and Software Development
115(1)
8.3 Combining Functional and Morphology Data: Individualized Analysis
116(1)
8.4 Necessary Prerequisite: Coregistration
116(1)
8.5 Tools for Hybrid Cardiac Imaging
117(2)
8.5.1 Extensions to CTA Visualization Tools
117(1)
8.5.2 Integration of the Coronary Tree into Tools for Nuclear Cardiology
118(1)
8.6 Going Beyond Perfusion SPECT/PET/CTA
119(2)
8.7 What is Missing?
121(1)
8.8 Conclusions
122(3)
References
122(3)
9 Diagnostic Algorithms in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: Guidelines and Evidence-Based Behaviors
125
Stefania Paolillo
Pasquale Perrone Filardi
9.1 Introduction
125(1)
9.2 Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of Coronary Artery Disease
125(1)
9.2.1 Stable Angina
125(1)
9.2.2 Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction
126(1)
9.2.3 ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction
126(1)
9.2.4 Heart Failure and Sudden Cardiac Death
126(1)
9.3 Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
126(4)
9.3.1 Assessment of Pretest Probability
126(2)
9.3.2 Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging
128(1)
9.3.3 Stress Echocardiography
129(1)
9.3.4 Cardiac Computed Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
130(1)
9.4 Diagnostic Strategies in Asymptomatic Patients
130(1)
9.5 Diagnostic Strategies in Patients with Suspected ACS
131(1)
9.6 Conclusions
132
References
132
Paolo Marzullo, MD, FESC, FACC, is Director of the Nuclear Medicine Department at the Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy. Founding member of the European and Italian Working Groups on Nuclear Cardiology, he is author of over 450 publications in the field of cardiac imaging, including cardiac CT and MRI.

Giuliano Mariani, MD, is Full Professor of Nuclear Medicine, Director of the Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine and of the Post-graduate Specialty School in Nuclear Medicine of the University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy. Starting with pharmacokinetic studies using radioactive tracers in humans his research interests encompass virtually all clinical applications of nuclear medicine for both diagnosis and therapy. Author of over 270 articles published in international peer-reviewed journals, book editor and contributor in the fields of pharmacokinetics with radioactive tracers and diagnostic and therapeutic applications of nuclear medicine.
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