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E-raamat: From Computing to Computational Thinking

4.00/5 (4 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)

Paul S. Wang (Kent State University, OH, USA)

Formaat: EPUB+DRM
Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jul-2017
Kirjastus: Chapman & Hall/CRC
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9781351630221

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Formaat: EPUB+DRM
Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jul-2017
Kirjastus: Chapman & Hall/CRC
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9781351630221

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Computational Thinking (CT) involves fundamental concepts and reasoning, distilled from computer science and other computational sciences, which become powerful general mental tools for solving problems, increasing efficiency, reducing complexity, designing procedures, or interacting with humans and machines. An easy-to-understand guidebook,From Computing to Computational Thinking gives you the tools for understanding and using CT. It does not assume experience or knowledge of programming or of a programming language, but explains concepts and methods for CT with clarity and depth.

Successful applications in diverse disciplines have shown the power of CT in problem solving. The book uses puzzles, games, and everyday examples as starting points for discussion and for connecting abstract thinking patterns to real-life situations. It provides an interesting and thought-provoking way to gain general knowledge about modern computing and the concepts and thinking processes underlying modern digital technologies.

Preface

xiii

Introduction

xvii

1 Why Did the Chicken Cross the Road?

(22)

1.1 The Computer

(2)

1.2 Turing Machine

(2)

CT: Abstract Away

(1)

1.3 A Brief History of Computers

(2)

1.4 Software

(1)

1.5 Programming

(1)

1.6 Syntax and Semantics

(1)

CT: Beware of Semantics

(1)

1.7 Flowcharts

(3)

CT: Ready for All Contingencies

(1)

CT: First Things First

(1)

CT: Check before Proceeding

(1)

1.8 Algorithms

(2)

CT: Make It an Algorithm

(1)

CT: Consider Extreme Cases

(1)

1.9 Pseudo Code

(2)

CT: Step by Step

(1)

1.10 The Euclidean GCD Algorithm

(1)

CT: Apply Domain Knowledge

(1)

1.11 Goals and How to Get There

(1)

CT: Break It Down

(1)

1.12 Road Crossing

(4)

Exercises

(1)

2 Bits, Bytes, and Words

(24)

2.1 Digital Computers

(3)

2.2 Binary Numbers

(5)

CT: Meaning of Symbols

(1)

2.2.1 Numbers in Other Bases

(1)

CT: Evaluate Different Options

(1)

2.3 Positive and Negative Integers

(2)

2.4 Modular Arithmetic

(3)

CT: Mind Resource Limitations

(1)

CT: Symbols Can Be Deceiving

(1)

2.5 Base Conversion

(1)

CT: Start from the End

(1)

2.6 Characters

(3)

2.6.1 US-ASCII

(1)

2.6.2 Unicode

(2)

CT: Data Context

(1)

2.7 Editing Text

(3)

2.8 Data Output

(4)

CT: Deliver the Message

(1)

Exercises

(2)

3 True or False

(22)

3.1 Digital Electronic Circuits

(6)

CT: Notice the Logic

(3)

CT: Bottom Up

(1)

CT: Create a Virtuous Cycle

(1)

3.2 Boolean Algebra

(1)

3.2.1 Expressions and Laws

(1)

3.2.2 Universal Gates

(1)

3.3 Decision Making

(4)

CT: Logic Checks

(1)

3.3.1 Conditions and Implications

(2)

CT: Follow the Logic

(1)

3.4 Logic Applied to Bits

(3)

CT: Combine Basic Components

(1)

3.5 Logic and Iteration

(8)

3.5.1 The while Loop

(1)

3.5.2 The for Loop

(4)

CT: Perform Everyday Programming

(1)

Exercises

(2)

4 Who Is the Master?

(26)

4.1 What Is an Operating System?

(1)

4.2 Operating System Kernel

(1)

4.2.1 System Programs

(1)

4.3 Open Source Software

(1)

CT: Promote Free and Open

(1)

4.4 Graphical User Interface

(1)

4.5 Desktop Overview

(2)

4.5.1 Desktop Components

(2)

CT: Know Your Arena

(1)

4.6 Are You Talking to Me?

(2)

4.6.1 Input Focus

(1)

CT: Pay Attention to Details

(1)

4.6.2 Event Handling

(1)

4.7 Command-Line Interface

(3)

CT: Mind the Trade-Off

(1)

4.8 Files

(4)

4.8.1 File Content Types

(1)

4.8.2 File Tree

(2)

CT: Learn from Trees

(1)

4.8.3 File Management and Access Control

(1)

4.9 Processes

(6)

CT: Keep It in Context

(1)

CT: Capture the State

(1)

4.9.1 Process Lifecycle

(1)

4.9.2 Process Address Space

(1)

4.9.3 Virtual Address Space Layout

(1)

4.9.4 Address Mapping

(1)

CT: Timesharing

(1)

4.10 Managing Tasks

(2)

4.11 Up and Running

(3)

CT: Better Control Better System

(2)

Exercises

(1)

5 Hello There!

(26)

5.1 What Is a Network?

(1)

5.2 The Internet

(2)

5.3 Local and Wide Area Networks

(2)

5.4 Internet Architecture

100

(2)

CT: Redundancy for Safety

100

(1)

CT: One and All

101

(1)

5.5 Wireless Networking

102

(1)

5.6 Networking Protocols

103

(2)

CT: Follow Protocol

104

(1)

5.7 IP Addresses

105

(1)

5.8 Domain Names

105

(1)

5.9 Client and Server

106

(2)

CT: Interoperate

107

(1)

5.10 Peer to Peer

108

(1)

5.11 DNS Service

109

(2)

CT: Indirection Adds Flexibility

110

(1)

5.12 DNS Servers and Resolvers

111

(2)

CT: Decentralize

112

(1)

5.13 Domain Registration

113

(1)

5.13.1 Accessing Domain Registration Data

113

(1)

5.14 Packet Switching

114

(1)

5.15 Cloud Computing

115

(6)

CT: Backup in the Cloud

117

(2)

Exercises

119

(2)

6 Home Sweet Homepage :-)

121

(26)

6.1 What Is a Web Server?

121

(1)

6.2 Web Browsers

122

(1)

6.3 A Brief History of the Web

123

(1)

6.4 URLs

124

(4)

CT: Be Aware of the Implicit Context

126

(1)

6.4.1 URL Encoding

126

(1)

CT: Wear Different Hats

127

(1)

6.5 HTML and HTML5

128

(2)

CT: Mark It Up

130

(1)

6.6 Webpage Styling

130

(1)

6.7 Web Hosting

130

(2)

CT: Really Use Your Website

131

(1)

CT: Be Careful with Online Information

131

(1)

6.8 Dynamic Generation of Webpages

132

(2)

6.8.1 Active Server Pages

133

(1)

6.8.2 Database Access

134

(1)

6.9 Client-Side Scripting

134

(1)

6.10 Hypertext Transfer Protocol

135

(3)

6.10.1 HTTP Caching

137

(1)

CT: Cache for Speed

138

(1)

6.11 Website Development

138

(1)

CT: Develop for Users

139

(1)

6.12 Web Search Engines

139

(2)

CT: Google It

140

(1)

CT: Believe It or Not

140

(1)

6.13 Web Services

141

(1)

6.14 Standard Web Technologies

142

(5)

Exercises

144

(3)

7 Keeping It Safe

147

(28)

7.1 Login

148

(4)

7.1.1 Website Login

148

(1)

CT: Safeguard Security Realms

149

(2)

CT: Prevent Illicit Login

151

(1)

7.2 HTTPS and SSL/TLS

152

(1)

7.3 What Is a Digital Certificate?

153

(2)

7.4 Cryptography

155

(5)

7.4.1 Symmetric Cryptosystems

157

(2)

CT: Secure Sensitive Files

159

(1)

CT: Add Security Layers

159

(1)

7.5 Public-Key Cryptography

160

(2)

CT: Breakthrough

160

(2)

CT: Beware of Bugs

162

(1)

7.6 RSA Public-Key Algorithm

162

(2)

7.7 Digital Signature

164

(1)

CT: Sign Digitally

164

(1)

7.8 Message Digests

164

(3)

7.9 Secure Email

167

(3)

7.9.1 Secure Email with Thunderbird

167

(2)

CT: Free from Surveillance

169

(1)

7.10 Security Attacks and Defenses

170

(5)

CT: All for One and One for All

171

(3)

Exercises

174

(1)

8 Solve That Problem

175

(26)

8.1 Solving Puzzles

175

(3)

8.1.1 Egg Frying

175

(1)

8.1.2 Liquid Measuring

176

(1)

8.1.3 A Magic Tray

177

(1)

8.2 Sorting

178

(4)

8.2.1 Bubble Sort

178

(2)

8.2.2 Improved Bubble Sort

180

(1)

CT: Cut It Down

180

(1)

CT: Build It Up

181

(1)

CT: Stepwise Refinement

181

(1)

CT: Version 2.0

182

(1)

8.3 Recursion

182

(4)

CT: Remember Recursion

183

(1)

8.3.1 Quicksort

184

(2)

8.4 Recursive Solution Formula

186

(1)

CT: Apply the Recursion Magic

186

(1)

8.5 Tower of Hanoi

187

(3)

8.6 Eight Queens

190

(3)

8.7 General Backtracking

193

(1)

8.8 Tree Traversals

194

(1)

CT: Form Tree Structures

195

(1)

8.9 Complexity

195

(2)

CT: Weigh Speed vs. Complexity

196

(1)

8.10 Heuristics

197

(4)

CT: Devise Heuristics

197

(3)

Exercises

200

(1)

9 Data Everywhere

201

(28)

CT: Garbage in, Garbage Out

201

(1)

9.1 Digital Images

202

(2)

9.1.1 Representing Color

202

(2)

9.2 Raster Image Encoding

204

(2)

9.2.1 Raster Image Formats

204

(1)

CT: Small Is Beautiful

205

(1)

9.2.2 Vector Graphics

205

(1)

9.2.3 Scalable Vector Graphics

205

(1)

9.3 Audio and Video

206

(2)

9.3.1 Digital Audio

206

(1)

9.3.2 Audio Encoding Formats

207

(1)

9.4 Digital Video

208

(2)

9.4.1 Video Containers

208

(1)

9.4.2 Video Codecs

209

(1)

9.5 Format of Data and Files

210

(2)

CT: Interpreting Data

210

(1)

CT: Data Is Application Dependent

211

(1)

CT: Save Trees with PDF

211

(1)

9.6 Data Sharing

212

(1)

9.7 Document Markup

212

(4)

9.7.1 What Is XML?

213

(1)

9.7.2 XML Document Format

214

(1)

9.7.3 XML for News Syndication

214

(1)

CT: Markup for Interoperability

215

(1)

9.8 Data Compression

216

(4)

CT: Compression Is Not Encryption

217

(1)

9.8.1 LZ Deflation

217

(1)

9.8.2 Huffman Code

218

(2)

CT: Customize for Efficiency

220

(1)

9.9 Data Structures

220

(2)

CT: Synthesize and Simplify

222

(1)

9.10 What Is a Database?

222

(3)

9.10.1 Relational Databases

222

(1)

9.10.2 SQL: Structured Query Language

223

(1)

CT: Combine Web and Database

224

(1)

9.10.3 Big Data

225

(1)

CT: Data to Insight

225

(1)

9.11 Protecting Personal Data

225

(4)

CT: Guard Personal Data

226

(1)

Exercises

227

(2)

10 Get That App

229

(20)

10.1 Key Programs

230

(2)

CT: Remind Yourself

231

(1)

CT: Install That App

231

(1)

10.2 Knowing Your Apps

232

(2)

CT: Learn That App

233

(1)

CT: No App, No Way

233

(1)

10.3 Program Configuration and Customization

234

(1)

CT: Configure and Enjoy

234

(1)

10.4 Process Cooperation

234

(2)

CT: Coordinate or Else

235

(1)

10.5 Machine Language Programs

236

(1)

10.6 Assembly Language Programs

237

(1)

10.7 High-Level Programs

238

(2)

10.8 Compilers

240

(2)

CT: Bootstrapping

241

(1)

10.9 Software Development

242

(1)

10.10 Object-Oriented Programming

242

(4)

CT: Compartmentalize

242

(1)

10.10.1 OOP Advantages

243

(1)

10.10.2 OOP Concepts

244

(1)

CT: Expose Only the Interface

244

(2)

10.11 Object-Oriented Design

246

(3)

Exercises

247

(2)

Epilogue

249

(2)

CT: Reprogram Your Brain

249

(2)

Website and Interactive Demos

251

(2)

Bibliography

253

(2)

Index

255

Paul S. Wang , PhD, is professor of computer science at Kent State University, Ohio. He received his PhD from MIT. He has published 10 computer science textbooks, all of which have been well-received in the US and worldwide. Several have been translated into other languages.

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