| Foreword |
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v | |
| Preface |
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vii | |
| Contributing authors |
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xvii | |
| About the editors |
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xxiii | |
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1 | (8) |
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Part I Functional materials: Synthesis and applications |
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2 A primer on polymer colloids: structure, synthesis and colloidal stability |
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9 | (28) |
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9 | (1) |
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2.2 Polymer colloids inside out |
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10 | (7) |
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2.2.1 How many polymer chains per particle? |
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10 | (1) |
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2.2.2 How many particles? |
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10 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Are the chains immobile within the nanoparticle? |
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12 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Morphology of polymeric nanoparticles |
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13 | (4) |
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2.3 Preparation of polymer nanoparticles |
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17 | (9) |
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2.3.1 Emulsion polymerization |
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18 | (4) |
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2.3.2 Miniemulsion polymerization |
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22 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Microemulsion polymerization |
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24 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Self-assembly in selective solvents |
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25 | (1) |
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2.4 Colloidal stabilization |
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26 | (11) |
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2.4.1 Electrostatic stabilization |
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26 | (4) |
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2.4.2 Steric stabilization |
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30 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Depletion stabilization |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (4) |
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3 Synthesis, functionalization and properties of fullerenes and graphene materials |
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37 | (24) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (10) |
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3.2.1 General considerations |
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38 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Synthesis and purification of fullerenes |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Chemical and physical properties of C60 |
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40 | (2) |
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3.2.4 Chemical functionalization of C60 |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (14) |
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3.3.1 Production of graphene |
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49 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Graphene in energy conversion devices |
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52 | (9) |
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4 Ordered mesoporous silica: synthesis and applications |
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61 | (40) |
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61 | (1) |
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4.2 Ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) |
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62 | (16) |
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4.2.1 Principle of synthesis |
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63 | (6) |
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4.2.2 Mesostructure diversity and tailoring |
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69 | (9) |
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4.3 Functionalization of ordered mesoporous silica |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (2) |
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4.5 Selected applications of functionalized ordered mesoporous silica |
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82 | (19) |
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4.5.1 Functionalized MSNs as controlled drug delivery platforms |
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83 | (5) |
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4.5.2 Functionalized mesoporous materials for extraction chromatography (EXC) applications |
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88 | (3) |
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4.5.3 Mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid membranes for water desalination |
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91 | (10) |
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5 Nanoparticles: Properties and applications |
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101 | (20) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
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5.2.1 Particle nucleation and growth |
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102 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Synthesis in inverse micelles |
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104 | (1) |
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5.3 Particle aggregation and stabilization of colloidal suspensions |
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105 | (2) |
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5.4 Colloidal quantum dots |
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107 | (3) |
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110 | (2) |
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5.6 Metal oxide nanoparticles |
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112 | (3) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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5.7 Polymeric nanoparticles |
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115 | (2) |
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5.8 Advanced architectures and hybrid systems |
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117 | (4) |
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6 Conjugated polymers for organic electronics |
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121 | (18) |
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121 | (1) |
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6.2 Processable conjugated polymers |
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122 | (4) |
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6.3 Applications in renewable energy |
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126 | (4) |
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6.3.1 Organic solar cells |
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126 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Conjugated polymers for organic solar cells |
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128 | (2) |
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6.4 Applications in micro-electronics |
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130 | (3) |
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6.4.1 Field-effect transistors |
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130 | (2) |
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6.4.2 Conjugated polymers for field-effect transistors |
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132 | (1) |
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6.5 Applications in lighting |
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133 | (3) |
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6.5.1 Light-emitting diodes |
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133 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Conjugated polymers for light-emitting diodes |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (3) |
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7 Theoretical tools for designing microscopic to macroscopic properties of functional materials |
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139 | (32) |
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140 | (11) |
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7.1.1 The link between microscopic and macroscopic scales |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (4) |
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7.1.3 Bridging the gap between ab initio and atomistic levels |
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146 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Atomistic simulation |
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147 | (4) |
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7.1.5 Bridging the gap between atomistic and mesoscale levels |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (13) |
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152 | (4) |
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7.2.2 Atomistic simulation |
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156 | (8) |
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164 | (7) |
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Part II Development of new materials for energy applications |
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8 Electrochemical energy storage systems |
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171 | (18) |
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171 | (1) |
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8.2 Metrics and performance evaluation |
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171 | (2) |
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8.3 Models and theory of electrochemical charge storage |
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173 | (5) |
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8.3.1 Battery operation -- a Faradaic process |
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174 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Electrochemical capacitor operation -- a non-Faradaic process |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (6) |
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8.5.1 Electrochemical capacitors |
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180 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Hybrid electrochemical capacitors |
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181 | (2) |
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8.5.3 Lithium battery electrode materials |
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183 | (1) |
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8.5.4 Negative (anode) electrode materials |
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184 | (1) |
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8.5.5 The positive (cathode) electrode |
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185 | (1) |
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8.5.6 Electrode production |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (3) |
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9 Functional ionic liquids electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries |
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189 | (18) |
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189 | (4) |
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9.1.1 Historical overview |
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190 | (1) |
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9.1.2 What are ionic liquids? |
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191 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Key properties as electrolytes |
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192 | (1) |
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9.2 Ionic liquids as Li and Lithium-ion battery electrolytes |
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193 | (1) |
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9.3 Functional ionic liquid electrolytes |
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194 | (13) |
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9.3.1 Overview of functional ionic liquids |
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195 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Solid electrolyte interphase |
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196 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Transport of lithium ions |
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197 | (1) |
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9.3.4 Electroactive ionic liquids as redox shuttles |
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198 | (4) |
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202 | (5) |
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10 Solid polymer proton conducting electrolytes for fuel cells |
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207 | (34) |
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207 | (2) |
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10.2 Proton exchange membranes |
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209 | (9) |
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210 | (3) |
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10.2.2 Alternative sulfonated ionomers and membranes |
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213 | (5) |
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10.3 Characterization of solid polymer electrolytes |
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218 | (15) |
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10.3.1 Proton conductivity |
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218 | (4) |
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10.3.2 States of water and water mobility |
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222 | (11) |
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233 | (8) |
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11 Supercritical adsorption of hydrogen on microporous adsorbents |
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241 | (36) |
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241 | (1) |
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11.2 Fundamentals of supercritical adsorption |
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242 | (4) |
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11.3 Supercritical adsorption isotherms |
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246 | (11) |
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11.3.1 Virial expansion of the excess density in terms of pressure |
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246 | (6) |
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11.3.2 Basic analytic models of the adsorption isotherm |
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252 | (4) |
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11.3.3 Self-consistent approaches |
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256 | (1) |
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11.4 The thermodynamics of adsorption |
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257 | (4) |
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11.4.1 Properties of surface potential |
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259 | (2) |
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11.5 Microporous adsorbents for hydrogen storage |
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261 | (16) |
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261 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Single wall nanotubes |
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262 | (1) |
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11.5.3 Metal organic frameworks |
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263 | (14) |
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Part III New trends in sustainable development and biomedical applications |
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12 Advanced materials for biomedical applications |
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277 | (56) |
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277 | (1) |
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12.2 History of biomaterials |
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278 | (2) |
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12.3 Basics in material science for biomaterial applications |
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280 | (6) |
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12.3.1 Biomaterial properties |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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12.3.4 Biosynthetic polymers |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (2) |
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12.4 Biomedical applications |
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286 | (33) |
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12.4.1 Cardiovascular system |
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286 | (5) |
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12.4.2 Musculoskeletal system |
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291 | (9) |
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300 | (4) |
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12.4.4 Nervous system and sensory organs |
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304 | (6) |
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12.4.5 Esthetic applications |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (7) |
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319 | (7) |
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12.5.1 Tissue engineering basic concepts |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (4) |
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12.5.3 Surface modification |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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12.5.6 Computational models |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (7) |
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13 Nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications in medicine |
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333 | (42) |
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13.1 The basics of MRI in medicine |
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337 | (2) |
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13.2 Relaxivity: the performance of MRI contrast agents |
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339 | (1) |
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13.3 Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles |
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340 | (7) |
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13.3.1 Synthesis of magnetic nanocrystals |
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340 | (4) |
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13.3.2 Nanoparticle coatings for MRI applications |
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344 | (2) |
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13.3.3 Physicochemical characterization |
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346 | (1) |
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13.4 Physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles |
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347 | (5) |
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13.5 MR relaxation properties of magnetic nanoparticles |
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352 | (6) |
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13.5.1 Relaxivity of paramagnetic CAs |
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353 | (3) |
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13.5.2 Relaxivity of superparamagnetic CAs |
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356 | (2) |
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13.5.3 Relaxometric performance of MRI CAs at clinical magnetic field strengths |
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358 | (1) |
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13.6 Biological performance of magnetic nanoparticles for MRI |
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358 | (6) |
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360 | (1) |
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13.6.2 Impact of nanoparticle size and surface on colloidal stability and blood retention |
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361 | (1) |
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13.6.3 Directing nanoparticles in vivo |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (11) |
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14 Microfluidics for synthesis and biological functional materials: from device fabrication to applications |
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375 | (40) |
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375 | (1) |
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14.2 A practical introduction to microfluidic reactors for material synthesis |
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376 | (7) |
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14.2.1 Microfluidic reactor geometries |
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376 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Device fabrication materials |
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377 | (3) |
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14.2.3 Fabrication of polymer-based planar microreactors and components |
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380 | (3) |
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14.3 Manipulating and measuring precursor reagent streams in microchannels |
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383 | (8) |
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14.3.1 High surface area to volume ratios in microchannels |
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383 | (1) |
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14.3.2 Rapid heat transfer |
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384 | (1) |
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14.3.3 Control of concentrations |
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384 | (2) |
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14.3.4 Controlling "time on chip" |
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386 | (1) |
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14.3.5 Control of hydrodynamics and mass transfer |
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386 | (3) |
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14.3.6 Characterization in microchannels |
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389 | (2) |
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14.4 Microfluidics for polymer microparticles |
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391 | (9) |
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14.4.1 Manipulating the shaping of liquid precursors |
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392 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Effect of the channel wall |
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392 | (1) |
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14.4.3 Emulsification of precursor droplets |
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393 | (1) |
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14.4.4 Channel geometries to achieve emulsified droplets |
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393 | (2) |
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14.4.5 Multiple emulsions |
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395 | (1) |
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14.4.6 Forming linear threads and two-dimensional interfaces |
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395 | (2) |
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14.4.7 Converting liquid precursors into solid micro-materials |
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397 | (1) |
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14.4.8 Scale up: a circuit analysis of microfluidic flow in a highly parallelized microreactor |
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397 | (3) |
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14.5 Microfluidics for synthesis of functional nanoparticles |
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400 | (2) |
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14.5.1 Microfluidics for highly controlled nanoparticle synthesis |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (8) |
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14.6.1 Tissue engineering and membranes |
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403 | (1) |
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14.6.2 Microenvironments for encapsulated cells |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (1) |
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14.6.4 Microdevices utilizing functional biomaterials |
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407 | (3) |
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410 | (5) |
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15 Protein- and peptide-based materials: a source of inspiration for innovation |
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415 | (28) |
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415 | (2) |
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15.2 Basics of proteins, peptides and polypeptides |
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417 | (3) |
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15.2.1 Polypeptides are sequences of amino acids |
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417 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Polypeptides can adopt various conformations |
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418 | (1) |
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15.2.3 Polypeptides possess various levels of structural organization |
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419 | (1) |
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15.3 Functional materials from fibrous proteins |
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420 | (9) |
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15.3.1 Resilin & abductin |
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421 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Byssus (mussel anchoring threads) |
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422 | (3) |
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425 | (4) |
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15.4 Functional materials from globular proteins |
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429 | (3) |
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429 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Artificial proteins |
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430 | (2) |
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15.5 Functional materials from synthetic peptides |
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432 | (3) |
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435 | (8) |
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16 Nanocomposite coatings |
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443 | (22) |
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443 | (3) |
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16.2 Coating formulations |
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446 | (3) |
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16.2.1 Chemical components |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
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16.2.3 Application and curing |
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449 | (1) |
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16.3 Nanoparticle additives |
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449 | (5) |
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16.4 Coating characterization |
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454 | (6) |
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16.4.1 Mechanical properties |
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454 | (2) |
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16.4.2 Optical properties |
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456 | (3) |
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16.4.3 X-ray imaging and particle aggregation |
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459 | (1) |
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16.4.4 Weathering and artificial aging |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (2) |
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462 | (1) |
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463 | (2) |
| Index |
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465 | |