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E-raamat: Future of Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States: Proceedings of a Symposium

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  • Formaat: 142 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Dec-2019
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309497749
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Future of Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States: Proceedings of a SymposiumSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 142 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Dec-2019
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309497749
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Exposures at low doses of radiation, generally taken to mean doses below 100 millisieverts, are of primary interest for setting standards for protecting individuals against the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. However, there are considerable uncertainties associated with current best estimates of risks and gaps in knowledge on critical scientific issues that relate to low dose radiation.



The Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board of the National Academies hosted the symposium on The Future of Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States on May 8 and 9, 2019. The goal of the symposium was to provide an open forum for a national discussion on the need for a long-term strategy to guide a low dose radiation research program in the United States. The symposium featured presentations on low dose radiation programs around the world, panel discussions with representatives from governmental and nongovernmental organizations about the need for a low dose radiation research program, reviews of low dose radiation research in epidemiology and radiation biology including new directions, and lessons to be learned from setting up large research programs in non-radiation research fields. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the symposium.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Highlights 1 Introduction and Context 2 Low Dose Radiation Research Programs 3 Perspectives on the Need for a Low Dose Radiation Program in the United States 4 Current and Future Directions of Low Dose Radiation Research 5 Lessons Learned from Coordinated Research in Other Fields 6 Symposium Participants' Considerations for a Future Low Dose Radiation Research Program References Appendix A: Agenda Appendix B: Biographies Appendix C: List of Questions Submitted to Speakers and Panelists
Acronyms And Abbreviations xiii
HIGHLIGHTS
1(78)
1 Introduction And Context
5(8)
1.1 Low Dose Radiation Exposures and Risks
8(1)
1.2 Implications of Low Dose Radiation Risk Uncertainties
9(2)
1.3 Current Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States
11(1)
1.4 Efforts to Revive the Low Dose Radiation Research Program
12(1)
2 Low Dose Radiation Research Programs
13(8)
2.1 Department of Energy's (DOE's) Past Low Dose Radiation Program, United States
13(2)
2.2 Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI), Europe
15(1)
2.3 Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), Japan
16(1)
2.4 Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL)
17(1)
2.5 Effort for Global Coordination, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA)
18(3)
3 Perspectives On The Need For A Low Dose Radiation Program In The United States
21(14)
3.1 Government Perspectives
22(7)
3.1.1 Department of Energy (DOE)
22(1)
3.1.2 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
23(1)
3.1.3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
24(1)
3.1.4 Department of Defense (DoD)
24(1)
3.1.5 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
25(1)
3.1.6 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
26(1)
3.1.7 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
26(2)
3.1.8 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC)
28(1)
3.1.9 Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
28(1)
3.1.10 Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD)
29(1)
3.2 Other Perspectives
29(6)
3.2.1 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
30(1)
3.2.2 Health Physics Society (HPS)
31(1)
3.2.3 American Nuclear Society (ANS)
31(1)
3.2.4 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
32(1)
3.2.5 International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
32(1)
3.2.6 American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO)
33(1)
3.2.7 American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM)
33(1)
3.2.8 Powerful Patient Inc.
34(1)
4 Current And Future Directions Of Low Dose Radiation Research
35(24)
4.1 Radiation Epidemiology
35(10)
4.1.1 Research Activities at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF)
36(2)
4.1.2 Occupational Studies
38(1)
4.1.3 Environmental Exposure Studies
39(2)
4.1.4 Medically Exposed Populations
41(4)
4.2 Radiation Biology
45(5)
4.2.1 Low Dose and Low Dose Rate Responses in Animals
45(2)
4.2.2 Molecular Injury Responses
47(1)
4.2.3 Epigenetic Alterations from Low Dose Radiation
48(2)
4.3 New Directions
50(9)
4.3.1 Biomarkers for Molecular Epidemiological Studies
50(2)
4.3.2 Technological Advancements
52(2)
4.3.3 Single-Cell Genomics
54(1)
4.3.4 Immune Responses
55(1)
4.3.5 Systems Biology
56(1)
4.3.6 Microbiome
57(2)
5 Lessons Learned From Coordinated Research In Other Fields
59(8)
5.1 Research on Health Effects of Air Pollution
59(4)
5.1.1 Research on Airborne Particulate Matter
59(2)
5.1.2 The Health Effects Institute
61(2)
5.2 Large-Scale Biology Initiatives
63(4)
5.2.1 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)
63(1)
5.2.2 The I-SPY 2 Trial
64(3)
6 Symposium Participants' Considerations For A Future Low Dose Radiation Research Program
67(12)
6.1 Possible Elements of a Low Dose Radiation Research Program
67(11)
6.1.1 Leadership Team
68(1)
6.1.2 Appropriate Model for Organizing the Research
68(2)
6.1.3 Strategic Planning
70(1)
6.1.4 Goal-Oriented Research
71(1)
6.1.5 Multidisciplinary Research
71(4)
6.1.6 Independent Review
75(1)
6.1.7 Infrastructure
75(1)
6.1.8 Sustainable Funding
76(2)
6.2 Some Possible Next Steps Suggested at the Symposium
78(1)
References 79(10)
Appendixes
A Agenda 89(6)
B Biographies 95(22)
C List Of Questions Submitted To Speakers And Panelists 117
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