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E-raamat: Geoscience After IT: A View of the Present and Future Impact of Information Technology on Geoscience

Edited by (British Geological Survey)
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Geoscience After IT: A View of the Present and Future Impact of Information Technology on GeoscienceSuurem pilt
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Most geoscientists are aware of recent IT developments, but cannot spend time on obscure technicalities. Few have considered their implications for the science as a whole. Yet the information industry is moving fast: electronic delivery of hyperlinked multimedia; standards to support interdisciplinary and geographic integration; new models to represent and visualize our concepts, and control and manage our activities; plummeting costs that force the pace. To stay on course, the scientist needs a broad appreciation of the complex and profound interactions of geoscience and IT, not previously reviewed in a single work. This book brings together ideas from many sources that bear on the geoscience information system.
Motivation
Defining Information Technology, its Significance in Geoscience, and the AIMS of this Publication
1(4)
Defining Information Technology
1(1)
The significance of IT to geoscience
2(1)
This publication
2(3)
Target readers
2(1)
Objectives
2(1)
Structure and overview
2(1)
Acknowledgements
3(1)
References
3(2)
Benefits for Geoscience from Information Technology, and an Example from Geological Mapping of the Need for a Broad View
5(10)
The geoscience literature
5(1)
Managing a knowledge base
6(2)
Sharing information
8(1)
The need for a broad view
8(4)
Extending the language
9(2)
Connectivity and integration
11(1)
Deliver and print
12(1)
Towards a user requirement
12(3)
References
13(1)
Internet references
13(2)
Familiarization with IT
Familiarization with IT Applications to Support the Individual Geoscientist
15(6)
The route to IT familiarization
15(1)
Desktop hardware
16(1)
Word processors
16(2)
Spreadsheets and business graphics
18(1)
Capturing data and images
18(1)
Information delivery and presentation
19(2)
References
19(1)
Internet references
19(2)
Familiarization with IT Applications to Support the Workgroup
21(10)
Project and workgroup
21(1)
Communicating in the workgroup
22(1)
Sharing information, metadata
23(1)
Designing an investigation
23(1)
Project management
24(1)
Project documents
25(1)
IT applications in the cycle of project activities
26(5)
Planning, analysis and project management
27(1)
Desk studies, literature search, archive search
27(1)
Field and laboratory data collection
28(1)
Explanation, classification, modeling
28(1)
Visualization, presentation
28(1)
Reconciling information and aligning ideas
29(1)
Review, revision, editing
29(1)
References
29(2)
Familiarization with IT Background
31(10)
The need to look at the IT Background
31(1)
What computers do
31(1)
The computing system
32(1)
Communication
33(2)
Generic software systems
35(1)
Programming languages
36(5)
References
39(1)
Internet references
39(2)
Familiarization with Quantitative Analysis
41(10)
Background
41(1)
Measurement and number
41(1)
Descriptive statistics
42(3)
Matrix algebra and spatial data
45(1)
Multivariate statistics
46(5)
References
50(1)
Familiarization with Spatial Analysis
51(12)
Digital cartography
51(1)
The spatial model
52(2)
Spatial relationships
54(1)
Spatial transformations
55(1)
Spatial statistics and surface fitting
56(2)
The fractal model
58(2)
Spatial configuration
60(3)
References
62(1)
Internet references
62(1)
Familiarization with Managing the Information Base
63(12)
The framework
63(3)
The requirment
63(1)
Acquisition, context and disposal
64(1)
Search strategies
65(1)
Documents
66(2)
Database
68(2)
Spatial data
70(2)
Object-oriented methods
72(3)
References
73(1)
Internet references
73(2)
The emerging systems
A View of the Conventional Geoscience Information System
75(12)
A scheme of ideas
75(1)
The need for a top-down view
76(1)
A glimpse of a broad panorama
76(1)
Systems
76(3)
Designing change
76(1)
Subsystems, interfaces, models and metadata
77(1)
Scope and components of the system
78(1)
A student looks at the real world
79(1)
How memory orders our thoughts
80(1)
Interfaces in a conventional system
81(1)
Access
81(1)
Connectivity
81(1)
Conventional repositories
82(1)
Repetition
82(1)
Organization of content
82(1)
Processes in the conventional system
83(1)
Generalization
83(1)
Business aspects
83(4)
Projects
83(1)
Driving forces
84(1)
References
85(1)
Internet references
85(2)
Human Requirements that Shape the Evolving Geoscience Information System
87(12)
Communication at the interface
87(5)
Interwoven threads
87(1)
Language and narrative
88(1)
Spatial concepts
89(1)
Structured data
89(1)
Tacit knowledge
90(1)
Knowledge-based and Rules-based Investigation
90(1)
Modes of thought
91(1)
The need for a Geoscience Markup Language
91(1)
Processes and the repository
92(7)
Explanation
92(1)
Analogy
93(1)
Model and reality
93(3)
The object-oriented approach
96(1)
References
97(1)
Internet references
97(2)
Coping with Changing Ideas, Defining the user Requirement for a Future Information System
99(1)
Change
99(1)
Flexibility and sharing knowledge
99(2)
Paradigms
101(1)
Dynamics of change
102(1)
Reconciling ideas
103(1)
Themes and problems
104(1)
User requirements
105(1)
Aide-memoire for a user requirement
105


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