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E-raamat: Getting Risk Right: Understanding the Science of Elusive Health Risks

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Columbia University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780231542852
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Columbia University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780231542852
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Do cell phones cause brain cancer? Does BPA threaten our health? How safe are certain dietary supplements, especially those containing exotic herbs or small amounts of toxic substances? What role does HPV play in the development of cervical cancer, and is the HPV vaccine safe? In four detailed case studies, Geoffrey C. Kabat shows how science works or sometimes doesn't and what distinguishes these two very different outcomes. We depend on science and medicine as never before, yet there is widespread misinformation and confusion, amplified by the media, regarding what influences our health.

Kabat's goal in Getting Risk Right is to enable general readers to distinguish between claims that are supported by solid science and those that are the result of poorly-designed or misinterpreted studies. By exploring different examples, he shows us why certain risks are worth worrying about, while others are not. Attempts to explain antiscience attitudes often focus on irrational fears and beliefs and the powerful role of business interests. These factors matter, but Kabat also emphasizes the variable quality of research in contested areas of health risks and the professional, political, and methodological factors that can distort the research process. Drawing on recent work in the "meta-analysis" of biomedical research and on insights from leading thinkers, including John Ioannides, Daniel Kahneman, and Cass Sunstein, this groundbreaking book examines factors both internal and external to the science that influence what results get attention and how questionable results can be used to support a particular narrative concerning an alleged public health threat. Kabat, a leading public health thinker, provides a much-needed antidote to what has been called "an epidemic of false claims."

Arvustused

Geoffrey Kabat's vital, wide-ranging book cannot have arrived at a more fortuitous time. As individuals and societies, we are constantly asked to gauge risks-and we often do so hastily or irrationally, with grave consequences. In Getting Risk Right, Kabat provides a crucial framework to think about risks, biases, and judgment. Everyone should read his analysis-at once clear-eyed, thoughtful, and beautifully written-to understand the nature of risk. I cannot overstate the importance of this book. -- Siddhartha Mukherjee, author of The Emperor of All Maladies Some risks are real, while others are much feared and speculated about, but of no portent. This important book by Geoffrey Kabat shows how the science of studying risks can lead to major discoveries that can improve the lives of millions by identifying and validating risks that do matter; or can ruin lives by propagating spurious, nonexistent risks in the public mind and in the scientific literature. Getting Risk Right carefully surveys a scientific field that is often the topic of hot debate and offers a balanced presentation. It is a fascinating read. -- John Ioannidis, professor of medicine and health research and policy, Stanford University Zika, Ebola, vaccines, dioxin, radon, black mold, environmental toxins. The media constantly bombards us with stories about unseen agents causing insidious harms. In Getting Risk Right, Geoffrey Kabat uses four case studies-BPA, cell phones, the HPV vaccine, and dietary supplements-to teach us not only whether these products are harmful but also how to grade information. Using Kabat's method, readers will be able to determine whether the next media-infused risk is a real one. Filled with cartoons, case histories, literary references, and fascinating asides, Getting Risk Right is the last book you will ever need to read on this subject. -- Paul A. Offit, author of Autism's False Prophets Geoffrey Kabat's writing, as usual, is phenomenally clear and expressive. His logical cadences are both airtight and a pleasure to read. His insights into the workings and mis-workings of science, the sociology of science, and the interplay of personalities and organizations are penetrating and precise, and above all original. -- Steven D. Stellman, professor of clinical epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health What matters most? How can we use scientific findings intelligently to set our public priorities? Through engaging anecdotes, and a clear-eyed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of scientific work, Getting Risk Right helps us answer those questions. Perhaps more importantly, Dr. Kabat enhances our understanding of how science leads to action, and how we can better use science to inform a more rational and productive public agenda. -- Sandro Galea, Dean, Boston University School of Public Health An important study that teaches how to decipher science and medical news. Library Journal It is not easy feat to take complex issues and make them both understandable, easily readable and interesting, but Kabat does just that in Getting Risk Right. For people who are trying to sort through the deluge of conflicting information that we see every day, this book is a must. -- Josh Bloom American Council on Science and Health Kabat writes clearly, but his discussions of association, causality and toxicology are, at times, a bit technical for the general reader. More intriguing - and more unique, in my experience - is his insider's dissection of the psychology of how environmental studies are funded, reported and interpreted by their authors and by various audiences. Washington Post Excellent... A potent antidote to the toxic misinformation polluting our public health discourse. Reason

List of Illustrations
xi
Preface: Why Do Things That Are Unlikely to Harm Us Get the Most Attention? xiii
List of Abbreviations
xxi
1 The Illusion Of Validity And The Power Of "Negative Thinking"
1(7)
2 Splendors And Miseries Of Associations
8(24)
3 When Risk Goes Viral: Biases and Bandwagons
32(27)
4 Do Cell Phones Cause Brain Cancer? A Tale of Two Sciences
59(26)
5 Hormonal Confusion: The Contested Science of Endocrine Disruption
85(31)
6 Deadly Remedy: A Mysterious Disease, a Medicinal Herb, and the Recognition of a Worldwide Public Health Threat
116(28)
7 HPV, Cancer, And Beyond: The Anatomy of a Triumph
144(37)
Conclusion
175(6)
Appendix: List of Interviews 181(2)
Notes 183(26)
Glossary 209(12)
Bibliography 221(16)
Index 237
Geoffrey Kabat is Senior epidemiologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University and Montefiore Medical Center. He is the author of Hyping Health Risks: Environmental Hazards in Daily Life and the Science of Epidemiology and Getting Risk Right, both with CUP. He also blogs regularly for Forbes magazine.