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E-raamat: Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Oct-2022
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662647141
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Glaciology and Glacial GeomorphologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Oct-2022
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662647141
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This textbook covers all important aspects of mountain glaciers, from their formation and their importance as water reservoirs to the threat posed by current global warming. Glaciers themselves can also pose a threat to humans and represent a natural hazard in populated mountain areas in the form of ice avalanches and glacial lake outbursts. In addition, however, they are also important landscape formers and have helped to shape large parts of the present-day relief of the Earth, which is one of the classic fields of work of geomorphology and geology.

In the individual chapters, the current state of research is presented in a comprehensible manner and illustrated with concise examples, photos and graphics.

The book offers a compact introduction for all students of geosciences, curious mountaineers and laymen interested in nature.
1 Introduction and History of Research
1(12)
1.1 Object of Research
3(2)
1.2 History of Research
5(8)
References
11(2)
2 Origin of Glaciers
13(12)
2.1 Preconditions for Glacier Formation
14(2)
2.2 Processes Involved
16(4)
2.2.1 Snowfall
16(2)
2.2.2 Snow Metamorphosis
18(1)
2.2.3 Densification of the Snow
18(2)
2.3 Physical Properties of Glacial Ice
20(5)
References
24(1)
3 Ice Movement
25(18)
3.1 Description of the Movement Pattern
26(4)
3.2 Processes Involved in Ice Movement
30(5)
3.2.1 Internal Deformation
30(3)
3.2.2 Basal Sliding
33(1)
3.2.3 Bed Deformation
34(1)
3.2.4 Glacier Flow Velocity
34(1)
3.3 Special Case Surge
35(2)
3.4 Visible Witnesses of Ice Movement: Crevasses and Ogives
37(6)
References
40(3)
4 Mass and Energy Balance of Glaciers
43(18)
4.1 Glacier Mass Balance
44(12)
4.1.1 Concept and Components of the Glacier Mass Balance
45(4)
4.1.2 Methods of Mass Balance Determination
49(5)
4.1.3 Mass Balance Measurements Worldwide
54(2)
4.2 Energy Balance of Glacier Surfaces
56(5)
References
59(2)
5 Glacier Types and Distribution
61(12)
5.1 Typification of Glaciers
62(6)
5.1.1 Typification According to the Source of Nourishment
62(3)
5.1.2 Morphological Glacier Types
65(2)
5.1.3 Thermal Glacier Types
67(1)
5.2 Distribution of Glaciers
68(5)
References
70(3)
6 Glaciers and Climate
73(10)
6.1 Climatic Control of Glacier Behaviour
74(2)
6.2 Glaciers as Climate Indicators
76(7)
References
81(2)
7 Glaciers and Water
83(14)
7.1 Glacial Hydrological Systems
85(7)
7.1.1 Supraglacial System
85(3)
7.1.2 Intraglacial System
88(3)
7.1.3 Subglacial System
91(1)
7.2 Runoff from Glaciers
92(5)
References
94(3)
8 Glacial History
97(24)
8.1 Methods for the Reconstruction of Glacial History
98(4)
8.2 Glacial Periods
102(9)
8.2.1 The Older Ice Ages
104(1)
8.2.2 The Pleistocene
105(6)
8.3 Glacier Evolution in the Holocene
111(1)
8.4 Current and Future Glacier Retreat
112(3)
8.5 Consequences of Glacier Retreat
115(6)
8.5.1 Local Consequences
115(1)
8.5.2 Regional Consequences
115(2)
8.5.3 Global Consequences
117(1)
References
118(3)
9 Glacial Hazards
121(14)
9.1 Ice Avalanches
122(6)
9.1.1 Definition and Classification
122(1)
9.1.2 Examples
123(5)
9.1.3 Risk Management
128(1)
9.2 Glacial Lake Outburst Floods
128(7)
9.2.1 Classification and Examples
128(4)
9.2.2 Breakout Mechanisms
132(1)
9.2.3 Risk Management
132(1)
References
133(2)
10 Glacial Erosion
135(16)
10.1 Erosion Processes in Solid Rock
136(3)
10.2 Erosion Processes in Unconsolidated Rocks
139(1)
10.3 Erosion Rates
140(1)
10.4 Landformsof Glacial Erosion
141(10)
References
150(1)
11 Glacial Sedimentation
151(32)
11.1 Processes of Glacial Accumulation
152(1)
11.2 Till
152(4)
11.3 Moraine Types
156(4)
11.4 Special Forms
160(1)
11.5 Glaciofluvial Landforms
161(3)
11.6 The Glacial Series
164(19)
References
165(3)
Supplementary Information
Glossary
168(15)
Index 183
Wilfried Hagg holds a degree in geography and did his doctorate on the hydrological consequences of glacier retreat in Central Asia. As part of his habilitation and as a Heisenberg Fellow of the German Research Foundation, he has also worked on the nearby mountain glaciers of the Alps and participated in expeditions to mountains in the former Soviet Union, China and New Zealand, as well as to the ice-covered volcanoes of Iceland. Through his university teaching, Wilfried Hagg has experience in imparting geographical knowledge, particularly in the areas of high mountains, glaciology and natural hazards. He currently teaches geography and geology at the Department of Geoinformatics at Munich University of Applied Sciences.
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