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E-raamat: Graphical Data Analysis with R

(University of Augsburg)
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See How Graphics Reveal Information

Graphical Data Analysis with R shows you what information you can gain from graphical displays. The book focuses on why you draw graphics to display data and which graphics to draw (and uses R to do so). All the datasets are available in R or one of its packages and the R code is available at rosuda.org/GDA.

Graphical data analysis is useful for data cleaning, exploring data structure, detecting outliers and unusual groups, identifying trends and clusters, spotting local patterns, evaluating modelling output, and presenting results. This book guides you in choosing graphics and understanding what information you can glean from them. It can be used as a primary text in a graphical data analysis course or as a supplement in a statistics course. Colour graphics are used throughout.

Arvustused

". . . the book follows a learning-by-doing approach.With numerous examples, the author shows how important qualitative aspects of data can be detected by means of simple plots, and how a few simple changes in a graph may uncover relevant information not visible before, setting aside the more technical aspects of plots in R. Still, for each graph, the respective R-code is provided in the book, and complete programme codes for the examples ae available on the books webpage. Thus, by copy and paste, one can easily rescale all graphs, change the aspect ratio and apply other modifications to the original plot. This blended-learning approach facilitates exploring the data graphically without requiring too much knowledge of R syntax. This book is therefore well suited for students and novice data analysts who want to learn from examples. It could also supplement theoretical statistics courses, and help statistics teachers in finding suitable graphical displays for various purposes." Jasmin Wachter, Universität Klagenfurt

"Overall, the book is a very good introduction to the practical side of graphical data analysis using R. The presentation of R code and graphics output is excellent, with colours used when required. The book appears to be free of typographical and other errors, and its index is useful. Also, the book is well written and neatly structured. I enjoyed reading the book and can recommend it to anyone who wants to learn more about their data through graphics using R. It will also be a valuable asset for a library and as part of an undergraduate course in applied statistics." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A

"Throughout, the book follows a learning-by-doing approach. With numerous examples, the author shows how important qualitative aspects of data can be detected by means of simple plots, and how a few simple changes in a graph may uncover relevant information not visible before, setting aside the more technical aspects of plots in R. Still, for each graph, the respective R-code is provided in the book, and complete programme codes for the examples ae available on the books webpage. This blended-learning approach facilitates exploring the data graphically without requiring too much knowledge of R syntax. This book is therefore well suited for students and novice data analysts who want to learn from examples. It could also supplement theoretical statistics courses, and help statistics teachers in finding suitable graphical displays for various purposes." Statistical Papers, 2017

" an attractive addition to the current statistical graphics texts as it demonstrates what can be learned through graphs." Significance Magazine, February 2016

" the strength of this book lies in the profound introduction to the topic of graphical data analysis. The comprehensive sectional introductions and overviews along with the how-to might well be regarded as the modern update to Tukeys 1977 landmark book." Biometrical Journal, December 2015

"Antony Unwins very clever new book is well written, clearly by a practitioner with wide experience, gives generally good (though sometimes opinionated) advice, and includes R code for nearly all examples, as well as nice collections of additional exercises for each chapter Beyond the content, Unwin also does an admirable job of conveying enthusiasm for data graphics." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, December 2015

"This text has the potential of bringing sophisticated visualization to a broad audience without resorting to mathematical formalizations or the skills of a graphics artist. It engages the reader with interesting graphics right from the start and overall is clear and unintimidating. Code for all examples is provided in the text and is available on a supporting website. Whats more, the code works as is, rather unusual and refreshing." Journal of Statistical Software, November 2015

"For statisticians and experts in data analysis, the book is without doubt the new reference work on the subject." Thomas Rahlf, datendesign-r.de

...would also be an excellent suggested additional reading for a pragmatic graphical data analysis-oriented course. Reijo Sund, Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki ". . . the book follows a learning-by-doing approach.With numerous examples, the author shows how important qualitative aspects of data can be detected by means of simple plots, and how a few simple changes in a graph may uncover relevant information not visible before, setting aside the more technical aspects of plots in R. Still, for each graph, the respective R-code is provided in the book, and complete programme codes for the examples ae available on the books webpage. Thus, by copy and paste, one can easily rescale all graphs, change the aspect ratio and apply other modifications to the original plot. This blended-learning approach facilitates exploring the data graphically without requiring too much knowledge of R syntax. This book is therefore well suited for students and novice data analysts who want to learn from examples. It could also supplement theoretical statistics courses, and help statistics teachers in finding suitable graphical displays for various purposes." Jasmin Wachter, Universität Klagenfurt

"This book is a great reference book for a researcher or a consultant to get inspiration about different ways of exploring the features in the analyzed data. the book increases the awareness of the observers perception of the data displayed in graphs with different graphical choices.The approach to presenting R code is just one example of very careful organization of the content of the book, allowing it to supply a broad range of ideas without rendering the book heavy. Other proof of clever organization includes well-targeted use of example datasets and the occasional use of succinctly written and well-presented lists containing useful commentary." Journal of the American Statistical Association

"Throughout, the book follows a learning-by-doing approach. With numerous examples, the author shows how important qualitative aspects of data can be detected by means of simple plots, and how a few simple changes in a graph may uncover relevant information not visible before, setting aside the more technical aspects of plots in R. Still, for each graph, the respective R-code is provided in the book, and complete programme codes for the examples ae available on the books webpage. This blended-learning approach facilitates exploring the data graphically without requiring too much knowledge of R syntax. This book is therefore well suited for students and novice data analysts who want to learn from examples. It could also supplement theoretical statistics courses, and help statistics teachers in finding suitable graphical displays for various purposes." Statistical Papers, 2017

"Overall, the book is a very good introduction to the practical side of graphical data analysis using R. The presentation of R code and graphics output is excellent, with colours used when required. The book appears to be free of typographical and other errors, and its index is useful. Also, the book is well written and neatly structured. I enjoyed reading the book and can recommend it to anyone who wants to learn more about their data through graphics using R. It will also be a valuable asset for a library and as part of an undergraduate course in applied statistics." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A

" an attractive addition to the current statistical graphics texts as it demonstrates what can be learned through graphs." Significance Magazine, February 2016

" the strength of this book lies in the profound introduction to the topic of graphical data analysis. The comprehensive sectional introductions and overviews along with the how-to might well be regarded as the modern update to Tukeys 1977 landmark book." Biometrical Journal, December 2015

"Antony Unwins very clever new book is well written, clearly by a practitioner with wide experience, gives generally good (though sometimes opinionated) advice, and includes R code for nearly all examples, as well as nice collections of additional exercises for each chapter Beyond the content, Unwin also does an admirable job of conveying enthusiasm for data graphics." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, December 2015

"This text has the potential of bringing sophisticated visualization to a broad audience without resorting to mathematical formalizations or the skills of a graphics artist. It engages the reader with interesting graphics right from the start and overall is clear and unintimidating. Code for all examples is provided in the text and is available on a supporting website. Whats more, the code works as is, rather unusual and refreshing." Journal of Statistical Software, November 2015

"For statisticians and experts in data analysis, the book is without doubt the new reference work on the subject." Thomas Rahlf, datendesign-r.de

...would also be an excellent suggested additional reading for a pragmatic graphical data analysis-oriented course. Reijo Sund, Centre for Research Methods, University of Helsinki

Preface xi
1 Setting the Scene 1(18)
1.1 Graphics in action
1(2)
1.2 Introduction
3(2)
1.3 What is Graphical Data Analysis (GDA)?
5(9)
1.4 Using this book, the R code in it, and the book's webpage
14(5)
2 Brief Review of the Literature and Background Materials 19(8)
2.1 Literature review
19(2)
2.2 Interactive graphics
21(1)
2.3 Other graphics software
21(1)
2.4 Websites
22(1)
2.5 Datasets
23(2)
2.6 Statistical texts
25(2)
3 Examining Continuous Variables 27(26)
3.1 Introduction
27(2)
3.2 What features might continuous variables have?
29(1)
3.3 Looking for features
30(14)
3.4 Comparing distributions by subgroups
44(2)
3.5 What plots are there for individual continuous variables?
46(1)
3.6 Plot options
47(1)
3.7 Modelling and testing for continuous variables
48(5)
4 Displaying Categorical Data 53(22)
4.1 Introduction
53(3)
4.2 What features might categorical variables have?
56(1)
4.3 Nominal data-no fixed category order
57(5)
4.4 Ordinal data-fixed category order
62(4)
4.5 Discrete data-counts and integers
66(4)
4.6 Formats, factors, estimates, and barcharts
70(1)
4.7 Modelling and testing for categorical variables
71(4)
5 Looking for Structure: Dependency Relationships and Associations 75(24)
5.1 Introduction
75(2)
5.2 What features might be visible in scatterplots?
77(1)
5.3 Looking at pairs of continuous variables
78(5)
5.4 Adding models: lines and smooths
83(3)
5.5 Comparing groups within scatterplots
86(2)
5.6 Scatterplot matrices for looking at many pairs of variables
88(4)
5.7 Scatterplot options
92(2)
5.8 Modelling and testing for relationships between variables
94(5)
6 Investigating Multivariate Continuous Data 99(32)
6.1 Introduction
99(1)
6.2 What is a parallel coordinate plot (pcp)?
100(2)
6.3 Features you can see with parallel coordinate plots
102(4)
6.4 Interpreting clustering results
106(2)
6.5 Parallel coordinate plots and time series
108(4)
6.6 Parallel coordinate plots for indices
112(3)
6.7 Options for parallel coordinate plots
115(12)
6.8 Modelling and testing for multivariate continuous data
127(1)
6.9 Parallel coordinate plots and comparing model results
127(4)
7 Studying Multivariate Categorical Data 131(24)
7.1 Introduction
131(1)
7.2 Data on the sinking of the Titanic
132(1)
7.3 What is a mosaicplot?
133(7)
7.4 Different mosaicplots for different questions of interest
140(8)
7.5 Which mosaicplot is the right one?
148(1)
7.6 Additional options
149(2)
7.7 Modelling and testing for multivariate categorical data
151(4)
8 Getting an Overview 155(22)
8.1 Introduction
155(4)
8.2 Many individual displays
159(3)
8.3 Multivariate overviews
162(6)
8.4 Multivariate overviews for categorical variables
168(2)
8.5 Graphics by group
170(4)
8.6 Modelling and testing for overviews
174(3)
9 Graphics and Data Quality: How Good Are the Data? 177(20)
9.1 Introduction
177(1)
9.2 Missing values
178(5)
9.3 Outliers
183(10)
9.4 Modelling and testing for data quality
193(4)
10 Comparisons, Comparisons, Comparisons 197(26)
10.1 Introduction
197(2)
10.2 Making comparisons
199(3)
10.3 Making visual comparisons
202(6)
10.4 Comparing group effects graphically
208(4)
10.5 Comparing rates visually
212(2)
10.6 Graphics for comparing many subsets
214(2)
10.7 Graphics principles for comparisons
216(2)
10.8 Modelling and testing for comparisons
218(5)
11 Graphics for Time Series 223(20)
11.1 Introduction
223(1)
11.2 Graphics for a single time series
224(2)
11.3 Multiple series
226(7)
11.4 Special features of time series
233(4)
11.5 Alternative graphics for time series
237(1)
11.6 R classes and packages for time series
238(1)
11.7 Modelling and testing time series
238(5)
12 Ensemble Graphics and Case Studies 243(14)
12.1 Introduction
243(3)
12.2 What is an ensemble of graphics?
246(2)
12.3 Combining different views-a case study example
248(4)
12.4 Case studies
252(5)
13 Some Notes on Graphics with R 257(18)
13.1 Graphics systems in R
257(1)
13.2 Loading datasets and packages for graphical analysis
258(1)
13.3 Graphics conventions in statistics
258(1)
13.4 What is a graphic anyway?
259(2)
13.5 Options for all graphics
261(3)
13.6 Some R graphics advice and coding tips
264(7)
13.7 Other graphics
271(1)
13.8 Large datasets
272(1)
13.9 Perfecting graphics
273(2)
14 Summary 275(4)
14.1 Data analysis and graphics
275(1)
14.2 Key features of GDA
276(1)
14.3 Strengths and weaknesses of GDA
276(1)
14.4 Recommendations for GDA
277(2)
References 279(12)
General index 291(4)
Datasets index 295
Antony Unwin is a professor of computer-oriented statistics and data analysis at the University of Augsburg. He is a fellow of the American Statistical Society, co-author of Graphics of Large Datasets, and co-editor of the Handbook of Data Visualization. His research focuses on data visualisation, especially in interactive graphics. His research group has developed several pieces of interactive graphics software and written packages for R.