Preface |
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xiii | |
About the Author |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
PART I: Green IT and the Green Gap-Real or Virtual? |
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1 | |
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Chapter 1 IT Data Center Economic and Ecological Sustainment |
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3 | |
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1.1 The Many Faces of Green—Environmental and Economic |
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3 | |
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1.2 The Growing Green Gap: Misdirected Messaging, Opportunities for Action |
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5 | |
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1.3 IT Data Center "Green" Myths and Realties |
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7 | |
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1.4 PCFE Trends, Issues, Drivers, and Related Factors |
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10 | |
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1.5 Closing the Green Gap for IT Data Centers |
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15 | |
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1.5.1 Energy Consumption and Emissions: Green Spotlight Focus |
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20 | |
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1.5.2 EHS and Recycling: The Other Green Focus |
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21 | |
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1.5.3 Establishing a Green PCFE Strategy |
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22 | |
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27 | |
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Chapter 2 Energy-Efficient and Ecologically Friendly Data Centers |
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29 | |
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2.1 Electric Power and Cooling Challenges |
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30 | |
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2.2 Electrical Power—Supply and Demand Distribution |
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33 | |
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2.3 Determining Your Energy Usage |
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37 | |
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2.4 From Energy Avoidance to Efficiency |
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39 | |
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2.5 Energy Efficiency Incentives, Rebates, and Alternative Energy Sources |
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41 | |
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2.6 PCFE and Environmental Health and Safety Standards |
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45 | |
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45 | |
PART II: Next-Generation Virtual Data centers |
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47 | |
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Chapter 3 What Defines a Next-Generation and Virtual Data Center? |
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49 | |
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3.1 Why Virtualize a Data Center? |
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50 | |
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3.2 Virtualization Beyond Consolidation—Enabling Transparency |
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54 | |
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3.3 Components of a Virtual Data Center |
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56 | |
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3.3.1 Infrastructure Resource Management Software Tools |
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59 | |
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3.3.2 Measurements and Management Insight |
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59 | |
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3.3.3 Facilities and Habitats for Technology |
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60 | |
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3.3.4 Tiered Servers and Software |
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61 | |
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3.3.5 Tiered Storage and Storage Management |
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62 | |
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3.3.6 Tiered Networks and I/0 Virtualization |
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62 | |
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3.3.7 Virtual Offices, Desktops, and Workstations |
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63 | |
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63 | |
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Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure Resource Management |
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65 | |
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4.1 Common IRM Activities |
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67 | |
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4.2 Data Security (Logical and Physical) |
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69 | |
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4.3 Data Protection and Availability for Virtual Environments |
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70 | |
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4.3.1 Time to Re-Architect and Upgrade Data Protection |
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71 | |
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4.3.2 Technologies and Techniques—Virtual Server Data Protection Options |
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74 | |
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4.3.3 Virtual Machine Movement and Migration |
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75 | |
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76 | |
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77 | |
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4.3.6 Agent-Based and Agent-Less Data Protection |
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78 | |
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79 | |
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4.3.8 Local and Remote Data Replication |
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81 | |
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4.3.9 Archiving and Data Preservation |
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82 | |
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4.3.10 Complete Data Protection |
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83 | |
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4.4 Data Protection Management and Event Correlation |
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84 | |
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4.5 Server, Storage, and Network Resource Management |
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86 | |
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4.5.1 Search and eDiscovery |
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87 | |
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4.5.2 Rescuing Stranded or Orphaned Resources |
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88 | |
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4.5.3 Capacity, Availability, and Performance Planning |
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89 | |
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4.5.4 Energy Efficiency and PCFE Management Software |
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91 | |
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92 | |
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Chapter 5 Measurement, Metrics, and Management of IT Resources |
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93 | |
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5.1 Data Center-Related Metrics |
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96 | |
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5.2 Different Metrics for Different Audiences |
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100 | |
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5.3 Measuring Performance and Active Resource Usage |
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107 | |
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5.4 Measuring Capacity and Idle Resource Usage |
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113 | |
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5.5 Measuring Availability, Reliability, and Serviceability |
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115 | |
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5.6 Applying Various Metrics and Measurements |
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116 | |
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5.7 Sources for Metrics, Benchmarks, and Simulation Tools |
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117 | |
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118 | |
PART III: Technologies for Enabling Green and Virtual Data Centers |
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121 | |
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Chapter 6 Highly Effective Data Center Facilities and Habitats for Technology |
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123 | |
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6.1 Data Center Challenges and Issues |
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124 | |
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6.2 What Makes up a Data Center |
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129 | |
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6.2.1 Tiered Data Centers |
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130 | |
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6.3 Data Center Electrical Power and Energy Management |
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132 | |
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6.3.1 Secondary and Standby Power |
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134 | |
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6.3.2 Alternative Energy Options and DC Power |
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136 | |
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6.4 Cooling, HVAC, Smoke and Fire Suppression |
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138 | |
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138 | |
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143 | |
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6.4.3 Smoke and Fire Detection and Suppression |
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144 | |
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6.4.4 Cabinets and Equipment Racks |
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149 | |
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6.4.5 Environmental Health and Safety Management |
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150 | |
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151 | |
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6.6 Virtual Data Centers Today and Tomorrow |
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152 | |
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6.7 Cloud Computing, Out-Sourced, and Managed Services |
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155 | |
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6.8 Data Center Tips and Actions |
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158 | |
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160 | |
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Chapter 7 Servers—Physical, Virtual, and Software |
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163 | |
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7.1 Server Issues and Challenges |
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164 | |
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7.2 Fundamentals of Physical Servers |
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172 | |
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7.2.1 Central Processing Units |
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175 | |
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178 | |
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7.2.3 I/O Connectivity for Attaching Peripheral Devices |
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181 | |
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7.2.4 Cabinets, Racks, and Power Supplies |
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182 | |
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7.2.5 Measuring and Comparing Server Performance |
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183 | |
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7.3 Types, Categories, and Tiers Of Servers |
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183 | |
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7.3.1 Blade Servers and Blade Centers |
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184 | |
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187 | |
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200 | |
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201 | |
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Chapter 8 Data Storage—Disk, Tape, Optical, and Memory |
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205 | |
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8.1 Data Storage Trends, Challenges, and Issues |
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206 | |
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8.2 Addressing PCFE Storage Issues |
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209 | |
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8.3 Data Life Cycle and Access Patterns |
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210 | |
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8.4 Tiered Storage—Balancing Application Service with PCFE Requirements |
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212 | |
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8.4.1 Tiered Storage System Architectures |
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213 | |
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8.4.2 Tiered Storage Media or Devices |
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218 | |
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8.4.3 Intelligent Power Management and MAID 2.0 |
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224 | |
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8.4.4 Balancing PACE to Address PCFE Issues with Tiered Storage |
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226 | |
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8.5 Data and Storage Security |
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228 | |
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8.6 Data Footprint Reduction—Techniques and Best Practices |
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229 | |
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8.6.1 Archiving for Compliance and General Data Retention |
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230 | |
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8.6.2 Data Compression (Real-Time and Offline) |
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231 | |
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232 | |
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8.6.4 Hybrid Data Footprint Reduction Compression and De-duplication |
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234 | |
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8.7 Countering Underutilized Storage Capacity |
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234 | |
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8.7.1 Thin Provision, Space-Saving Clones |
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236 | |
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8.7.2 How RAID Affect PCFE and PACE |
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236 | |
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8.8 Storage Virtualization—Aggregate, Emulate, Migrate |
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240 | |
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8.8.1 Volume Mangers and Global Name Spaces |
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240 | |
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8.8.2 Virtualization and Storage Services |
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241 | |
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8.9 Comparing Storage Energy Efficiency and Effectiveness |
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244 | |
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246 | |
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247 | |
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Chapter 9 Networking with Your Servers and Storage |
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249 | |
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9.1 I/O and Networking Demands And Challenges |
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250 | |
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9.2 Fundamentals and Components |
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253 | |
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9.3 Tiered Access for Servers and Storage—Local and Remote |
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255 | |
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9.3.1 Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) |
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256 | |
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9.3.2 Local Area Networking, Storage, and Peripheral I/O |
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258 | |
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260 | |
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9.3.4 Fibre Channel: 1 GFC, 2GFC, 4GFC, 8GFC, 16GFC |
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262 | |
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9.3.5 Fibre over Ethernet (FCoE) |
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262 | |
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264 | |
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9.3.7 Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) |
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265 | |
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267 | |
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268 | |
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9.4 Abstracting Distance for Virtual Data Centers |
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269 | |
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9.4.1 Metropolitan and Wide Area Networks |
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269 | |
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9.4.2 Wide Area File Service (WAFS) and Wide Area Application Service (WAAS) |
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274 | |
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9.5 Virtual I/O and I/O Virtualization |
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275 | |
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9.5.1 N_Port_ID Virtualization |
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277 | |
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9.5.2 Blade Center and Server Virtual Convexity Features |
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279 | |
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280 | |
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282 | |
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9.5.5 Convergence Enhanced Ethernet and FCoE |
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284 | |
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286 | |
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9.6 Virtualization and Management Tool Topics |
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287 | |
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9.6.1 Networking Options for Virtual Environments |
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288 | |
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9.6.2 Oversubscription: Not Just for Networks |
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289 | |
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290 | |
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9.6.4 Cabling and Cable Management |
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291 | |
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293 | |
PART IV: Applying What You Have Learned |
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295 | |
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Chapter 10 Putting Together a Green and Virtual Data Center |
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297 | |
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10.1 Implementing a Green and Virtual Data Center |
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297 | |
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10.2 PCFE and Green Areas of Opportunity |
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300 | |
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10.2.1 Obtain and Leverage Incentives and Rebates |
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301 | |
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10.2.2 Best Practices and IRM |
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301 | |
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10.2.3 Implement Metrics, Measurements |
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308 | |
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10.2.4 Mask-or-Move Issues |
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309 | |
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311 | |
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10.2.6 Reduced Data Footprint |
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312 | |
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10.2.7 Tiered Servers, Storage, and I/O Network Access |
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316 | |
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10.2.8 Energy Avoidance—Tactical |
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318 | |
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10.2.9 Energy Efficiency -Strategic |
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319 | |
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10.2.10 Facilities Review and Enhancements |
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320 | |
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10.2.11 Environmental Health and Safety; E-Waste; Recycle, Reuse, Reduce |
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320 | |
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321 | |
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Chapter 11 Wrap-up and Closing Comments |
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323 | |
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323 | |
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11.2 Where We Are Going—Emerging Technologies and Trends |
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324 | |
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11.3 How We Can Get There—Best Practices and Tips |
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328 | |
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11.4 Chapter and Book Summary |
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329 | |
Appendix A Where to Learn More |
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333 | |
Appendix B Checklists and Tips |
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337 | |
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B.1 Facilities, Power, Cooling, Floor Space and Environmental Health and Safety |
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337 | |
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B.2 Variable Energy Use for Servers |
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337 | |
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B.3 Variable Energy Use for Storage |
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338 | |
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B.4 Data Footprint Impact Reduction |
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339 | |
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B.5 Security and Data Protection |
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340 | |
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B.6 How Will Virtualization Fit into Your Existing Environment? |
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341 | |
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B.7 Desktop, Remote Office/Branch Office (ROBO), Small/Medium Business (SMB), and Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) Users |
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341 | |
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B.8 Questions to Ask Vendors or Solution Providers |
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342 | |
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B.9 General Checklist and Tip Items |
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343 | |
Glossary |
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345 | |
Index |
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367 | |