The proceedings of this workshop provide a valuable review of the methodologies of climate observations during the past 150 years, together with a summary of their findings, and a description of the difficulties inherent in their interpretation. In addition the volume reviews the use of climate model simulations of greenhouse-gas-induced equilibrium and nonequilibrium change. Finally, the contributed papers consider the methodologies of climate change detection by comparison of model simulations and climate observations, a summary of findings, and a description of what should be done to detect GHG-induced climate change. The volume will be of particular interest to researchers and students in the fields of meteorology, atmospheric science, oceanography, global change and climate impact assessement. Scientists in related fields will find much of value also.
Preface. List of Participants. Part 1: Model Validation: How Good are
the Models in Simulating the Present and Past Climates? A Statistical
Intercomparison of Temperature and Precipitation Predicted by Four General
Circulation Models (S.L. Grotch). Comparing and Contrasting Holocene and
Eemian Warm Periods with Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Warming (M.C. MacCracken, J.
Kutzbach). Utilization of Paleoclimate Results to Validate Projections of a
Future Greenhouse Warming (T.J. Crowley). Part 2: Climate Model Projections
of Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Equilibrium Climatic Change: What Are the Expected
Climatic Changes? The Equilibrium Response to Doubling Atmospheric CO 2
(J.F.B. Mitchell).Computer Experiments with a Coarse-Grid Hydrodynamic
Climate Model (G.L. Stenchikov). Climate Variability and Climate Change (D.
Rind). Characteristics of Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean CO 2 Sensitivity
Experiments With Different Ocean Formulations (W.M. Washington, G.A. Meehl).
The Southern Oscillation in a Coupled GCM: Implications for Climate
Sensitivity and Climate Change (G.A. Meehl). Climatic Response to a Gradual
Increase of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (R.J. Stouffer, S. Manabe, K. Bryan).
Part 3: Observations of Climate Circa 1850 to the Present: has the Climate
Changed? Marine and Land Temperature Data Sets: A Comparison and a Look at
Recent Trends (P.D. Jones, T.M.L. Wigley, G. Farmer). Worldwide Surface
Temperature Trends Since the Mid-19th Century (D.E. Parker, C.K. Folland).
Climate Trends, The U.S. Drought of 1988, and Access to Data (R. Jenne).
Regional Greenhouse Climate Effects (J. Hansen, et al.). Changes in
Tropospheric and Stratospheric Global Temperatures, 1958-1988 (J.K. Angell).
Representativeness of a 63-Station Network for Depicting Climate Changes
(K.E. Trenberth, J.G. Olson). Soil Moisture Content with Global Warming (K.
Ya. Vinnikov). Some Characteristics of Wet and Dry Regimes in the Contiguous
United States: Implications for Climate Change Detection Efforts (H.F. Diaz).
Data on Present Day Precipitation Changes in the Extratropical Part of the
Northern Hemisphere (P. Ya. Groisman). Monitoring Tropospheric Water Vapor
Changes Using Radiosonde Data (W.P. Elliott, M.E. Smith, J.K. Angell).
Observational Evidence of Changes in Global Snow and Ice Cover (R.G. Barry).
Observations of Long-Term Tide-Gauge Records for Indications of Accelerated
Sea-Level Rise (V. Gornitz, A. Solow). The Southern Oscillation and Northern
Hemisphere Temperature Variability (C.F. Ropelewski, M.S. Halpert). Recent
Climate Changes in the Northern Hemisphere (K.E. Trenberth). Pre-Instrumental
Climate: How Has Climate Varied During the Past 500 Years?? (R.S. Bradley).
Part 4: Forcing Other Than by Greenhouse Gases: What Has Caused the
Variations in the Observed Climatic Record. The Effects of Solar Variability
on Climate (M.I. Hoffert). The Volcanic Contribution to Climate Change of the
Past 100 Years (A. Robock).
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