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xi | |
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xvii | |
Abbreviations |
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xix | |
Glossary |
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xxiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxxiii | |
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1 Process Safety And Safe Automation |
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1 | (22) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (2) |
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1.5 Incidents That Define Safe Automation |
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13 | (5) |
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1.6 Overview Of The Contents |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (2) |
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2 The Role Of Automation In Process Safety |
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23 | (60) |
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23 | (10) |
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33 | (9) |
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2.3 A Framework For Process Safety |
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42 | (12) |
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54 | (24) |
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2.5 Risk Management Of Existing Facility |
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78 | (5) |
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3 Automation Specification |
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83 | (70) |
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3.1 Process Automation Lifecycle |
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83 | (8) |
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3.2 Functional Specification |
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91 | (1) |
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3.3 Designing For Operating Objectives |
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92 | (12) |
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3.4 Inherently Safer Practices |
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104 | (3) |
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3.5 Designing For Core Attributes |
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107 | (26) |
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3.6 Control And Safety System Integration |
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133 | (20) |
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4 Design And Implementation Of Process Control Systems |
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153 | (58) |
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4.1 Input And Output Field Signal Types |
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161 | (1) |
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4.2 Basic Application Program Functions |
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162 | (3) |
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4.3 Process Control Objectives |
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165 | (7) |
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4.4 Process Controller Technology Selection |
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172 | (22) |
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4.5 Detailed Application Program Design |
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194 | (17) |
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5 Design And Implementation Of Safety Controls, Alarms, And Interlocks (SCAI) |
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211 | (54) |
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215 | (5) |
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5.2 Design Considerations |
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220 | (24) |
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5.3 SCAI Technology Selection |
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244 | (21) |
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6 Administrative Controls And Monitoring |
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265 | (64) |
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265 | (1) |
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6.2 Automation Organization Management |
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266 | (3) |
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6.3 Process Safety Information |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (18) |
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291 | (12) |
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6.6 Human And Systematic Failure Management |
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303 | (13) |
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316 | (5) |
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6.8 Auditing, Monitoring And Metrics |
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321 | (8) |
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Appendix A Control System Considerations |
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329 | (42) |
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A.1 Control System Technologies |
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330 | (29) |
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A.2 Additional Considerations For Process Control Applications |
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359 | (12) |
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Appendix B Power, Grounding, And Shielding |
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371 | (20) |
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B.1 Power Supply And Distribution |
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371 | (8) |
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B.2 Grounding For Safe, Reliable Operations |
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379 | (7) |
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B.3 Signal Shielding And Grounding Practices |
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386 | (2) |
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B.4 Special SCAI Considerations |
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388 | (3) |
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Appendix C Communications |
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391 | (32) |
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C.1 Communication Classifications |
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391 | (4) |
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C.2 Common Communication Network Topologies |
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395 | (2) |
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C.3 Communication Between Devices |
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397 | (3) |
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C.4 Wireless Communication |
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400 | (3) |
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C.5 Common Communication Configurations |
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403 | (4) |
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C.6 Common Data Communication Issues |
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407 | (5) |
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C.7 Process Control And Safety System Communications |
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412 | (7) |
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419 | (4) |
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Appendix D Alarm Management |
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423 | (18) |
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423 | (1) |
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D.2 Standards And Resources |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (13) |
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D.4 Managing The Safety Aspects Of Alarms |
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436 | (1) |
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D.5 Alarm System Performance Benchmarking |
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437 | (1) |
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D.6 Alarm Management Software |
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438 | (3) |
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Appendix E Field Device Considerations |
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441 | (70) |
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E.1 General Signal Safety |
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441 | (17) |
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E.2 Field Device Selection |
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458 | (7) |
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465 | (10) |
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475 | (1) |
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476 | (11) |
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E.6 Temperature Measurement |
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487 | (2) |
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E.7 On-Stream Process Analysis |
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489 | (4) |
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493 | (11) |
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504 | (1) |
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E.10 Steam Turbine Variable Speed Drives |
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505 | (6) |
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Appendix F Sis Equipment Selection |
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511 | (18) |
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511 | (7) |
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F.2 Additional Considerations |
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518 | (11) |
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Appendix G Human Machine Interface Design |
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529 | (22) |
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529 | (2) |
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G.2 Operator Interface Standards And Resources |
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531 | (2) |
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533 | (1) |
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G.4 Configurable Operator Workstations |
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534 | (4) |
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538 | (7) |
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545 | (1) |
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G.7 Control-Center Environment |
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545 | (1) |
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546 | (1) |
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G.9 Operator Interfaces Of Future |
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546 | (1) |
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G.10 HMI Considerations Checklist |
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547 | (4) |
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Appendix H Application Programming |
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551 | (14) |
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551 | (1) |
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H.2 Application Program Development |
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552 | (2) |
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H.3 Application Programming Languages |
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554 | (2) |
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H.4 Application Program Developmental Models |
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556 | (1) |
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H.5 Process Control Application Program |
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557 | (6) |
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H.6 SCAI Application Program |
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563 | (2) |
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Appendix I Instrument Reliability Program |
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565 | (16) |
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565 | (1) |
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566 | (2) |
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568 | (1) |
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I.4 Data Collection Efforts |
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569 | (2) |
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I.5 Failure Investigation |
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571 | (1) |
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I.6 Calculation Of Failure Rate |
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572 | (4) |
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576 | (5) |
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Appendix J Acceptance Testing Guidelines |
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581 | (16) |
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581 | (1) |
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581 | (1) |
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J.3 Factory Acceptance Test |
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582 | (7) |
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J.4 Site Acceptance Test (Sat) |
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589 | (8) |
Index |
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597 | |