| About the Authors |
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xxi | |
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xxii | |
| Preface |
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xxiii | |
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Chapter 1 The Construction Industry |
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1 | (16) |
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1 | (1) |
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Glossary of Project Delivery Method Terms |
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1 | (1) |
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A Goods-Producing Industry |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Organization of the Industry |
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4 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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Commercial/Institutional Construction |
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4 | (1) |
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High-Rise Building Construction |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Infrastructure Construction |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (5) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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Subcontractors or Specialty Contractors |
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8 | (1) |
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Designers, Architects, and Engineers |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Permitting Agencies and Building Authorities |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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Organization of the Construction Business |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Delivering a Better Product |
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15 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 The Project Team |
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17 | (12) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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Project Focus and Conclusion |
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26 | (3) |
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26 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Contract Administration |
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29 | (32) |
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Description of a Contract |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Essential Contract Documents |
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30 | (5) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Documents Included by Reference |
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35 | (1) |
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Contractual Relationships |
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35 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (5) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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Standard Contract Documents |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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American Institute of Architects |
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43 | (1) |
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Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee (EJCDC) |
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43 | (1) |
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Construction Owners Association of America |
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43 | (1) |
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Types of Construction Contracts |
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44 | (4) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Construction Management-At-Risk (CMAR) |
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47 | (1) |
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Alternative Technical Concepts (ATCs) |
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47 | (1) |
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Public Private Partnership (PPP or P3s) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (4) |
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Workers' Compensation Insurance |
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50 | (2) |
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Commercial General Liability Insurance |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Owner-Controlled Insurance Programs-OCIPs |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Administering a Construction Contract |
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54 | (7) |
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Preconstruction Conference |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Alternative Dispute Resolution |
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58 | (2) |
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Liquidated Damages and Substantial Completion |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Construction Accounting |
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61 | (18) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (8) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Liquidity and Working Capital |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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Construction Contract Revenue Recognition |
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71 | (3) |
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Cash Method of Revenue Recognition |
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72 | (1) |
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Straight Accrual Method of Revenue Recognition |
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72 | (1) |
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Completed-Contract Method of Revenue Recognition |
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72 | (1) |
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Percentage-of-Completion Method of Revenue Recognition |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Financial Statement Analysis |
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75 | (4) |
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Dollar and Percentage Change |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Construction Estimates |
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79 | (26) |
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79 | (8) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Engineering and Design Estimates |
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80 | (1) |
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Estimates for Construction |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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Cost-Estimating Relationships |
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86 | (1) |
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Accuracy and Completeness |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Estimate Preparation Basics |
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87 | (6) |
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Review the Contract Documents |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Productivity and Price Resources |
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89 | (1) |
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Development of Specific Tasks |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (4) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Overtime and Shift Differential |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Construction Equipment and Plant |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Mobilization and Demobilization |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Permanent Materials and Supplies |
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99 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
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102 | (1) |
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Duration of Overhead Items |
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102 | (1) |
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General and Administrative Overhead |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Estimating Building Projects |
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105 | (50) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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Understanding Project Drawings |
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106 | (6) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (4) |
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Organization of a CSI Technical Specification |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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117 | (1) |
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Relationship between Perimeters |
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118 | (1) |
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Concrete Construction (CSI Division 3) |
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119 | (7) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Masonry Construction (CSI Division 4) |
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126 | (7) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Factors Impacting Masonry Cost |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (4) |
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Steel Shapes and Nomenclature Information |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (1) |
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Wood, Plastic, and Composites (CSI Division 6) |
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137 | (5) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (4) |
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Thermal and Moisture Protection (CSI Division 7) |
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142 | (1) |
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Openings (CSI Division 8) |
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143 | (2) |
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Door and Window Schedules |
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144 | (1) |
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Pricing Doors and Windows |
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144 | (1) |
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Finishes (CSI Division 9) |
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145 | (5) |
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146 | (1) |
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Finish Work Quantity Take-Off |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Plumbing (CSI Division 22) and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (CSI Division 23) |
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150 | (1) |
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Electrical (CSI Division 26) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Scheduling Projects |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Assumptions Based on Facts |
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156 | (1) |
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Select the Course of Action |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (10) |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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Critical Path and Critical Activities |
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168 | (2) |
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Precedence Logic Diagrams |
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170 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (3) |
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Crew and Equipment Resources |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Risk Management |
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181 | (16) |
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181 | (4) |
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183 | (1) |
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Goals and Objectives of the Risk Management Process |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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Risk Management Organization |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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Identification of Risks (Threats and Opportunities) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Evaluating Risk (Risk Rating) |
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189 | (2) |
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Cost and Schedule Evaluation |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Response Options for an Identified Threat |
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192 | (1) |
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Response Options for Opportunities |
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193 | (1) |
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Control and Monitor Risks |
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193 | (1) |
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Communication and Consultation |
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194 | (1) |
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Common Construction Project Risks |
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194 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Building Materials |
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197 | (54) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (5) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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Fibers for Concrete Mixes |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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205 | (1) |
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Amount of Fine Material Passing the No |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Freezing and Thawing Resistance |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Heavyweight and Lightweight Aggregates |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (6) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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High-Performance Concretes |
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211 | (1) |
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Nonstructural or Foamed Cellular Concretes |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (6) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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Calculating Brick Openings |
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218 | (1) |
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Brick Classifications and Grades |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (5) |
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228 | (4) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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Structural Composite Lumber |
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234 | (4) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (6) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (4) |
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Glazing for Windows, Doors, and Skylights |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Glass in Handrails and Guards |
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244 | (1) |
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Structural Glass Baluster Panels |
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244 | (1) |
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Glazing in Athletic Facilities |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Asphalt and Bituminous Products |
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245 | (6) |
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Asphalts for Dampproofing and Waterproofing |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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Asphalt Mastics and Grouts |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Structure of Asphalt Pavements |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 Building Construction Methods |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (3) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (4) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (3) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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Environmental Control Systems |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (2) |
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263 | (1) |
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Finished Commercial Buildings |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (3) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (18) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (3) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (5) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (3) |
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283 | (3) |
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Above Ceiling Coordination |
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286 | (3) |
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289 | (24) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (9) |
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294 | (2) |
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Single-Sided Bracing Supports |
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296 | (1) |
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Limitation on the Use of Diagonal Bracing |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Soldier Piles and Lagging |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (5) |
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302 | (3) |
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Spread footing or Strip footings and Wall Footings |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (3) |
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310 | (3) |
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311 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Electrical Construction |
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313 | (58) |
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313 | (12) |
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|
313 | (2) |
|
Building Information Modeling (BIM) |
|
|
315 | (3) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Concrete and Composite Decks |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Shop Drawings and Product Data |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (6) |
|
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Raceway and Conduit Supports |
|
|
328 | (4) |
|
|
|
328 | (4) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (3) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (4) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (3) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
NEMA Receptacle Configurations |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (4) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Normal Power Distribution Systems |
|
|
347 | (4) |
|
Primary and Secondary Power Distribution |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
|
|
351 | (3) |
|
Panelboards and Load Centers |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (4) |
|
|
|
355 | (2) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
|
358 | (3) |
|
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Control and Paralleling Switchgear |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Uninterruptible Power Supply |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
Fire Alarm Control Panel and Annunciators |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Termination Cabinets and Remote Panels |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Fire Alarm Communication Paths (Conduit, Cable, and Wire) |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (6) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Wi-Fi or WLAN (Wireless Networking) |
|
|
367 | (4) |
|
Chapter 13 Mechanical Piping Systems |
|
|
371 | (22) |
|
Piping Systems Used in the Built Environment |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Plumbing Systems CSI Division 22 |
|
|
372 | (2) |
|
Potable Water Distribution |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
|
376 | (4) |
|
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
Pre-Fabricated Assemblies |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
Expansion and Contraction in Piping |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
|
|
389 | (4) |
|
|
|
393 | (36) |
|
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (3) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Cast Iron Sectional Boiler |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Central Cooling Equipment |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Reciprocating Compressors |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Decentralized HVAC Equipment |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Packaged Air Conditioners |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
Humidity Control Equipment |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (5) |
|
|
|
409 | (4) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Hydronic Pumps and Piping |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (3) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Solar Energy Heating Equipment |
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
|
|
423 | (3) |
|
Types of Geothermal Systems |
|
|
423 | (3) |
|
|
|
426 | (3) |
|
Chapter 15 Energy Efficient Building Systems |
|
|
429 | (32) |
|
Energy Efficient Buildings |
|
|
429 | (6) |
|
|
|
430 | (3) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
|
|
435 | (5) |
|
|
|
435 | (5) |
|
|
|
440 | (9) |
|
|
|
441 | (2) |
|
Exterior Above-Grade Walls |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
|
446 | (3) |
|
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (4) |
|
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
|
|
458 | (3) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
Chapter 16 Software Support |
|
|
461 | (20) |
|
Building Information Modeling (BIM) |
|
|
461 | (3) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
4D BIM - Schedule Information |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
5D BIM - Cost Information |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (4) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (3) |
|
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
The Future of Technology in Construction |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
|
|
481 | (12) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Influence of the Owner of Productivity |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
Design and Procurement Methods |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Pre-construction Planning |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Factors Related to Management and Leadership |
|
|
484 | (3) |
|
Job Satisfaction and Motivational Factors |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
Determine Percent Complete |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Determine Planned Value (PV) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Determine Earned Value (EV) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Identify the Actual Cost (AC) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Calculate Schedule Variance (SV) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Calculate Cost Variance (CV) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Determine Other Status Indicators |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Estimate at Completion (EAC) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Lean Construction Approaches |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Chapter 18 Quality Management |
|
|
493 | (14) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (3) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Subcontractors and Suppliers |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Control of Non-Conformances |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Project Completion Inspections |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (3) |
|
International Organization for Standardization |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Quality Assurance and APD Methods |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Building Code Requirements |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
500 | (4) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Strategic and Systematic Approach Vision |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Fact-Based Decision Making |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Employee Empowerment and Training |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (2) |
|
Chapter 19 Equipment for Building Construction |
|
|
507 | (22) |
|
|
|
507 | (4) |
|
|
|
511 | (4) |
|
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (3) |
|
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
|
|
526 | (3) |
|
|
|
529 | (22) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Recordkeeping Requirements |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (3) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
Corporate Health and Safety Plan |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (3) |
|
Hazard Identification and Assessment |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Hazard Prevention and Control |
|
|
533 | (3) |
|
Develop and Update a Hazard Control Plan |
|
|
536 | (3) |
|
Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis |
|
|
536 | (3) |
|
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Program Evaluation and Improvement |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Incident Investigations / 54i Subcontractor Management |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Contract Requirements - Site Specific Safety Programs |
|
|
542 | (4) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Who is Responsible for Site Safety |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Safety Orientation Procedures and Policies |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Who and When Safety Inspections are Conducted |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Required Personal Protective Equipment |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Work Zone Warning Devices |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
Control of Lockout/Tag-Out |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Employee Periodic Plan Review |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (5) |
|
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Trenches and Open Excavations |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
547 | (4) |
| Index |
|
551 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta