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viii | |
Preface to the First Edition |
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ix | |
Preface to the Second Edition |
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xi | |
Preface to the Third Edition |
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xiii | |
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1 Solutions and Solution Properties |
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1 | (31) |
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1.1 Introduction and Motivation |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.3 Solubility of Inorganics |
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1 | (8) |
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1.4 Solubility of Organics |
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9 | (8) |
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1.5 Supersaturation and Metastability |
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17 | (5) |
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22 | (3) |
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25 | (6) |
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31 | (1) |
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2 Crystals and Crystal Growth |
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32 | (44) |
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32 | (1) |
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2.2 Basic Concepts of the Solid State |
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32 | (9) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (10) |
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51 | (8) |
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59 | (5) |
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2.7 Multicomponent Crystals |
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64 | (4) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (5) |
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76 | (39) |
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76 | (1) |
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3.2 Homogeneous Nucleation |
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77 | (18) |
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3.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (4) |
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3.6 Control of Nucleation |
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102 | (2) |
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3.7 Nucleation in Polymorphic Systems |
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104 | (4) |
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3.8 Methods to Induce Nucleation |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (5) |
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4 The Influence of Impurities and Additives on Crystallization |
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115 | (21) |
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115 | (1) |
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4.2 Retention of Foreign Species in Crystals |
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115 | (7) |
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4.3 Impact of Foreign Species on Growth Rate |
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122 | (6) |
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4.4 Impact of Foreign Species on Crystal Properties |
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128 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (3) |
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5 Molecular Modeling Applications in Crystallization |
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136 | (36) |
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136 | (1) |
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5.2 Crystal Structure Visualization and Analysis Software |
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136 | (2) |
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5.3 Morphology Prediction |
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138 | (7) |
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5.4 Crystal Structure Determination from X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data |
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145 | (2) |
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5.5 Modeling Nucleation and Phase Transitions |
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147 | (7) |
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5.6 Polymorph Searching and Prediction |
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154 | (10) |
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5.7 Solubility Prediction |
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164 | (4) |
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5.8 Chapter Summary and Outlook |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (3) |
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6 Crystallization Process Analysis by Population Balance Modeling |
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172 | (25) |
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172 | (1) |
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6.2 Particle Size and Size Distribution |
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173 | (4) |
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6.3 Crystallization Kinetics |
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177 | (1) |
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6.4 Population Balance Modeling |
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178 | (3) |
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6.5 The Idealized MSMPR Concept |
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181 | (3) |
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6.6 Continuous Crystallization and Deviations from the MSMPR Model |
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184 | (2) |
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6.7 Batch Crystallization |
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186 | (2) |
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6.8 Population Balance Modeling of Non-Well-Mixed Processes |
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188 | (1) |
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6.9 Determination of Crystallization Kinetics for Process Modeling |
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189 | (4) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (3) |
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7 Selection and Design of Industrial Crystallizers |
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197 | (19) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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7.3 Crystallization Methods |
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198 | (3) |
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201 | (10) |
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7.5 Instrumentation and Actuation |
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211 | (1) |
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7.6 Case Study: Optimization of a Base-Case Design |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (1) |
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8 Precipitation Processes |
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216 | (50) |
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216 | (1) |
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8.2 Physical and Thermodynamic Properties |
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217 | (8) |
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225 | (3) |
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8.4 Crystal Growth Kinetics in Precipitation |
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228 | (3) |
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8.5 Other Processes and Models in Precipitation |
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231 | (14) |
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8.6 Experimental Techniques |
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245 | (3) |
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8.7 Modeling and Control of Crystal Size and Crystal Size Distribution |
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248 | (5) |
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8.8 Scale-Up Rules for Precipitation |
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253 | (3) |
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8.9 Precipitation in Practice |
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256 | (6) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (24) |
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266 | (1) |
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9.2 Benefits of Melt Crystallization |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (2) |
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9.4 Crystallization Kinetics |
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270 | (3) |
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9.5 Processes of Melt Crystallization |
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273 | (2) |
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9.6 Post-Crystallization Treatments |
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275 | (5) |
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9.7 Concepts of Commercial Plants |
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280 | (5) |
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9.8 Eutectic Freeze Crystallization |
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285 | (2) |
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9.9 Summary and View to the Future |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (3) |
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10 Crystallizer Mixing Understanding and Modeling Crystallizer Mixing and Suspension Flow |
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290 | (23) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (4) |
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294 | (6) |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (8) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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11 Monitoring and Advanced Control of Crystallization Processes |
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313 | (33) |
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313 | (3) |
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11.2 Crystallization Process Monitoring |
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316 | (7) |
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11.3 Model-Based Optimization and Control of Crystallization Processes |
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323 | (14) |
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11.4 Model-Free (Direct Design) Approaches |
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337 | (5) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (4) |
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346 | (34) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (3) |
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12.3 Batch Crystallization Analysis |
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349 | (7) |
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12.4 Factors Affecting Batch Crystallization |
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356 | (12) |
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12.5 Batch Crystallization Operations |
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368 | (7) |
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12.6 Scale-Up of Batch Crystallization |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (3) |
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13 Crystallization in the Pharmaceutical Industry |
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380 | (34) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (4) |
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13.3 Increasing Complexity |
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385 | (6) |
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13.4 Crystallization Kinetics |
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391 | (9) |
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13.5 Particle Engineering |
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400 | (5) |
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13.6 After the Crystallizer |
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405 | (2) |
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407 | (1) |
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13.8 Other Crystallizations |
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408 | (3) |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (3) |
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14 Crystallization of Proteins |
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414 | (46) |
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414 | (1) |
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14.2 Protein and Protein Crystals |
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414 | (3) |
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14.3 The Thermodynamics of Protein Crystallization |
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417 | (4) |
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14.4 Methods of Protein Crystallization |
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421 | (3) |
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14.5 The Role of Nonprotein Solution Components and the Intermolecular Interactions in Solution |
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424 | (6) |
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430 | (11) |
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14.7 Mechanisms of Crystal Growth |
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441 | (7) |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (5) |
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454 | (1) |
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454 | (6) |
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15 Crystallization in Foods |
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460 | (19) |
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15.1 Characteristics of Crystallization in Foods |
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460 | (3) |
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15.2 Controlling Crystallization in Foods |
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463 | (11) |
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15.3 Factors Affecting Control of Crystallization in Foods |
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474 | (3) |
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477 | (1) |
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477 | (2) |
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16 Precipitation and Crystallization of Pigments |
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479 | (34) |
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479 | (1) |
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16.2 Types of Pigments, Pigment Chemistry, and Pigment Properties |
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479 | (10) |
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16.3 On the Design of Pigment Synthesis Processes |
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489 | (13) |
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16.4 Practical Applications and Special Aspects |
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502 | (9) |
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511 | (2) |
Index |
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513 | |