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E-raamat: Handbook of Plant Disease Identification and Management

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Sep-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429998294
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Handbook of Plant Disease Identification and ManagementSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Sep-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429998294
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Handbook of Plant Disease Identification and Management presents the fundamentals of plant diseases identification based on symptomology and management focusing mainly on integrated pest management approach. It discusses a variety of techniques for the diagnosis of crop disease, losses due to crop diseases, and theories behind disease management. It describes how society is constraining the possibilities for management of crop diseases by changing the environment; biologically controlling crop diseases; and the epidemiologic and genetic concepts of managing host genes.

This book discusses managing diseases through diverse chemical, biological, and physical methods. It highlights climatic factors affecting crops by creating favorable condition for most of the diseases. This book serves as a complete guide for growers, researchers, and graduate students to understand basics of plant disease identification. It explains the disease cycle for respective crops with favorable conditions promoting disease development. It intends to aid growers in managing diseases and help scientists with future research.
Preface xxxvii
About the Author xxxix
Chapter 1 Strawberry
1(70)
1.1 Anthracnose of Strawberry
1(5)
1.1.1 Causal Organism
1(1)
1.1.2 Symptoms
2(1)
1.1.2.1 Fruit Rot
2(1)
1.1.2.2 Crown Rot
2(1)
1.1.2.3 Petioles and Stolons
2(1)
1.1.2.4 Leaf Spot
3(1)
1.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
3(1)
1.1.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
3(1)
1.1.5 Disease Cycle
4(1)
1.1.6 Management
5(1)
1.1.6.1 Chemical Control
5(1)
1.1.6.2 Biological Control
5(1)
1.1.6.3 Cultural Control
5(1)
1.2 Powdery Mildew of Strawberry
6(5)
1.2.1 Causal Organism
6(1)
1.2.2 Symptoms
6(1)
1.2.3 Cause and Disease Development
7(1)
1.2.4 Favorable Conditions
7(2)
1.2.5 Disease Cycle
9(1)
1.2.6 Management
9(2)
1.2.6.1 Chemical Control
11(1)
1.2.6.2 Biological Control
11(1)
1.2.6.3 Cultural Control
11(1)
1.3 Leaf Scorch of Strawberry
11(5)
1.3.1 Causal Organism
13(1)
1.3.2 Symptoms
13(1)
1.3.2.1 Leaves
13(1)
1.3.2.2 Leaf Stems (Petioles)
14(1)
1.3.2.3 Fruit
14(1)
1.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
14(1)
1.3.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
15(1)
1.3.5 Disease Cycle
15(1)
1.3.6 Management
15(1)
1.3.6.1 Chemical Control
15(1)
1.3.6.2 Cultural Control
16(1)
1.4 Crinkle Virus
16(1)
1.4.1 Causal Organism
16(1)
1.4.2 Species Affected
17(1)
1.4.3 Symptoms
17(1)
1.4.4 Means of Movement and Transmission
17(1)
1.4.5 Prevention and Control
17(1)
1.5 Latent C Virus (SLCV)
17(1)
1.5.1 Causal Organism
17(1)
1.5.2 Species Affected by SLCV
18(1)
1.5.3 Symptoms
18(1)
1.5.4 Means of Movement and Transmission
18(1)
1.5.5 Prevention and Control
18(1)
1.6 Mild Yellow Edge Virus
18(1)
1.6.1 Causal Organism
18(1)
1.6.2 Species Affected
18(1)
1.6.3 Symptoms
19(1)
1.6.4 Means of Movement and Transmission
19(1)
1.6.5 Prevention and Control
19(1)
1.7 Mottle Disease
19(1)
1.7.1 Causal Organism
19(1)
1.7.2 Species Affected
20(1)
1.7.3 Symptoms
20(1)
1.7.4 Means of Movement and Transmission
20(1)
1.7.5 Prevention and Control
20(1)
1.8 Necrotic Shock Virus
20(1)
1.8.1 Causal Organism
20(1)
1.8.2 Species Affected
20(1)
1.8.3 Symptoms
20(1)
1.8.4 Means of Movement and Transmission
21(1)
1.8.5 Prevention and Control
21(1)
1.9 Vein Banding Caulimovirus
21(1)
1.9.1 Causal Organism
21(1)
1.9.2 Species Affected
21(1)
1.9.3 Symptoms
21(1)
1.9.3.1 On F. vesca
21(1)
1.9.3.2 On Commercial Strawberries
21(1)
1.9.4 Means of Movement and Transmission
22(1)
1.9.5 Prevention and Control
22(1)
1.10 Phomopsis Leaf Blight of Strawberry
22(3)
1.10.1 Causal Organism
22(1)
1.10.2 Symptoms
23(1)
1.10.3 Cause and Disease Development
24(1)
1.10.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
24(1)
1.10.5 Disease Cycle
24(1)
1.10.6 Management
24(1)
1.11 Gray Mold
25(6)
1.11.1 Causal Organism
25(1)
1.11.2 Symptoms
25(1)
1.11.3 Cause and Disease Development
26(1)
1.11.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
27(1)
1.11.5 Disease Cycle
28(1)
1.11.6 Management
29(1)
1.11.6.1 Chemical Control
30(1)
1.11.6.2 Biological Control
30(1)
1.11.6.3 Cultural Control
30(1)
1.12 Leather Rot of Strawberry
31(4)
1.12.1 Causal Organism
31(1)
1.12.2 Symptoms
31(1)
1.12.3 Cause and Disease Development
32(1)
1.12.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
33(1)
1.12.5 Disease Cycle
33(1)
1.12.6 Management
34(1)
1.12.6.1 Chemical Control
34(1)
1.12.6.2 Cultural Control
34(1)
1.12.6.3 Soil Solarization
34(1)
1.13 Rhizopus Fruit Rot
35(1)
1.13.1 Causal Organism
35(1)
1.13.2 Symptoms
35(1)
1.13.3 Cause and Disease Development
35(1)
1.13.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
35(1)
1.13.5 Disease Cycle
35(1)
1.13.6 Management
36(1)
1.13.6.1 Cultural Control
36(1)
1.13.6.2 Organically Acceptable Methods
36(1)
1.13.6.3 Treatment Decisions
36(1)
1.14 Red Stele Root Rot of Strawberry
36(4)
1.14.1 Causal Organism
36(1)
1.14.2 Symptoms
36(1)
1.14.2.1 Aboveground
36(1)
1.14.2.2 Below Ground
37(1)
1.14.3 Cause and Disease Development
37(1)
1.14.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
38(1)
1.14.5 Disease Cycle
38(1)
1.14.6 Management
39(1)
1.14.6.1 Chemical Control
39(1)
1.14.6.2 Cultural Control
39(1)
1.14.6.3 Biological Control
40(1)
1.15 Phytophthora Crown Rot
40(3)
1.15.1 Causal Organism
41(1)
1.15.2 Symptoms
41(1)
1.15.3 Cause and Disease Development
41(1)
1.15.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
41(1)
1.15.5 Disease Cycle
42(1)
1.15.6 Management
42(1)
1.16 Rhizoctonia Root Rot
43(3)
1.16.1 Causal Organism
43(1)
1.16.2 Symptoms
43(1)
1.16.3 Cause and Disease Development
44(1)
1.16.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
44(1)
1.16.5 Management
45(1)
1.17 Charcoal Rot of Strawberry
46(1)
1.17.1 Causal Organism
46(1)
1.17.2 Symptoms
46(1)
1.17.3 Cause and Disease Development
46(1)
1.17.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
46(1)
1.17.5 Management
47(1)
1.18 Gnomonia Fruit Rot and Leaf Blotch
47(2)
1.18.1 Causal Organism
47(1)
1.18.2 Symptoms
47(1)
1.18.3 Cause and Disease Development
48(1)
1.19 Leaf Spot of Strawberry
49(4)
1.19.1 Causal Organism
50(1)
1.19.2 Symptoms
50(1)
1.19.2.1 Leaves
50(1)
1.19.2.2 Leaf Stems (Petioles), Runners, Fruit Stalks (Pedicels), Berry Caps (Calyxes)
50(1)
1.19.2.3 Fruit
50(1)
1.19.3 Cause and Disease Development
51(1)
1.19.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
51(1)
1.19.5 Disease Cycle
51(2)
1.19.6 Management
53(1)
1.19.6.1 Chemical Control
53(1)
1.19.6.2 Cultural Control
53(1)
1.19.6.3 Preventive Treatment
53(1)
1.20 Bacterial Leaf Spot of Strawberry
53(4)
1.20.1 Causal Organism
54(1)
1.20.2 Symptoms
54(2)
1.20.3 Cause and Disease Development
56(1)
1.20.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
56(1)
1.20.5 Disease Cycle
56(1)
1.20.6 Management
57(1)
1.21 The Dagger Nematode of Strawberry
57(2)
1.21.1 Distribution of the Causal Organism
57(1)
1.21.2 Symptoms
57(1)
1.21.3 Disease Cycle
58(1)
1.21.4 Management
58(1)
1.21.4.1 Chemical Control
58(1)
1.21.4.2 Cultural Control
58(1)
1.22 The Foliar Nematode
59(2)
1.22.1 The Causal Organism
59(1)
1.22.2 Symptoms
60(1)
1.22.3 Favorable Conditions
60(1)
1.22.4 Disease Cycle
60(1)
1.22.5 Management
61(1)
1.23 The Lesion Nematode of Strawberry
61(3)
1.23.1 The Causal Organism
61(1)
1.23.2 Symptoms
62(1)
1.23.3 Favorable Conditions
62(1)
1.23.4 Disease Cycle
62(1)
1.23.5 Management
63(1)
1.23.5.1 Chemical Control
63(1)
1.23.5.2 Cultural Control
64(1)
1.24 The Sting Nematode
64(3)
1.24.1 The Causal Organism
65(1)
1.24.2 Symptoms
65(1)
1.24.3 Disease Cycle
65(1)
1.24.4 Management
66(1)
1.24.4.1 Chemical Control
66(1)
1.24.4.2 Cultural Control
67(1)
1.24.4.3 Biological Control
67(1)
1.25 Verticillium Wilt of Strawberry
67(3)
1.25.1 Causal Organism
67(1)
1.25.2 Symptoms
67(1)
1.25.3 Cause and Disease Development
68(1)
1.25.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
68(1)
1.25.5 Disease Cycle
68(1)
1.25.6 Management
69(1)
1.25.6.1 Chemical Control
69(1)
1.25.6.2 Cultural Control
69(1)
References
70(1)
Chapter 2 Tomato
71(58)
2.1 Anthracnose of Tomato
71(3)
2.1.1 Causal Organism
71(1)
2.1.2 Symptoms
71(2)
2.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
73(1)
2.1.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
73(1)
2.1.5 Disease Cycle
73(1)
2.1.6 Management
74(1)
2.2 Bacterial Canker of Tomato
74(3)
2.2.1 Causal Organism
74(1)
2.2.2 Symptoms
75(1)
2.2.2.1 Seedlings
75(1)
2.2.2.2 Leaf and Plant
75(1)
2.2.2.3 Fruit
75(1)
2.2.3 Cause and Disease Development
76(1)
2.2.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
76(1)
2.2.5 Management
76(1)
2.3 Bacterial Speck of Tomato
77(2)
2.3.1 Causal Organism
77(1)
2.3.2 Symptoms
77(1)
2.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
78(1)
2.3.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
78(1)
2.3.5 Management
78(1)
2.4 Bacterial Spot of Tomato
79(2)
2.4.1 Causal Organism
79(1)
2.4.2 Symptoms
79(1)
2.4.3 Cause and Disease Development
79(1)
2.4.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
80(1)
2.4.5 Disease Cycle
80(1)
2.4.6 Management
80(1)
2.5 Septoria Leaf Spot on Tomato
81(3)
2.5.1 Causal Organism
81(1)
2.5.2 Symptoms
81(1)
2.5.3 Cause and Disease Development
82(1)
2.5.4 Favorable Conditions for Disease Development
82(1)
2.5.5 Disease Cycle
82(1)
2.5.6 Management
83(1)
2.5.6.1 Cultural Control
83(1)
2.5.6.2 Chemical Control
83(1)
2.5.6.3 Resistance
83(1)
2.6 Cucumber Mosaic Virus on Tomato
84(3)
2.6.1 Causal Organism
84(1)
2.6.2 Symptoms
84(1)
2.6.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
84(1)
2.6.4 Potato Virus Y
85(1)
2.6.5 Symptoms
85(1)
2.6.6 Means of Movement and Transmission
86(1)
2.6.7 Tobacco Etch Virus
86(1)
2.6.8 Symptoms
86(1)
2.6.9 Means of Movement and Transmission
86(1)
2.6.10 Prevention and Control of CMV, PVY, and TEV
86(1)
2.7 Common Mosaic of Tomato (Tobacco/Tomato Mosaic)
87(2)
2.7.1 Causal Organism
87(1)
2.7.2 Symptoms
87(1)
2.7.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
88(1)
2.7.4 Prevention and Control
88(1)
2.8 Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
89(1)
2.8.1 Causal Organism
89(1)
2.8.2 Symptoms
89(1)
2.8.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
90(1)
2.8.4 Prevention and Control
90(1)
2.9 Disorders of Tomato
90(6)
2.9.1 Blossom-End Rot
90(1)
2.9.1.1 Symptoms
90(1)
2.9.1.2 Management
91(1)
2.9.2 Catfacing
91(1)
2.9.2.1 Cause
91(1)
2.9.2.2 Symptoms
91(1)
2.9.2.3 Management
92(1)
2.9.3 Blotchy Ripening
92(1)
2.9.3.1 Management
92(1)
2.9.4 Sunscald
92(1)
2.9.4.1 Symptoms
93(1)
2.9.4.2 Management
93(1)
2.9.5 Fruit Cracking
93(1)
2.9.5.1 Radial Cracking
93(1)
2.9.5.2 Concentric Cracking
94(1)
2.9.5.3 Management
94(1)
2.9.6 Physiological Leaf Roll
94(1)
2.9.6.1 Cause
95(1)
2.9.6.2 Symptoms
95(1)
2.9.6.3 Management
95(1)
2.9.7 Puffiness
96(1)
2.9.7.1 Cause
96(1)
2.9.7.2 Symptoms
96(1)
2.9.7.3 Management
96(1)
2.10 Early Blight of Tomato
96(3)
2.10.1 Causal Organism
96(1)
2.10.2 Symptoms
96(1)
2.10.3 Cause and Disease Development
97(1)
2.10.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
98(1)
2.10.5 Disease Cycle
98(1)
2.10.6 Management
98(1)
2.10.6.1 Cultural Control
98(1)
2.10.6.2 Chemical Control
99(1)
2.10.6.3 Resistance
99(1)
2.11 Late Blight of Tomato
99(5)
2.11.1 Causal Organism
99(1)
2.11.2 Symptoms
100(1)
2.11.2.1 On Tomato Leaves
100(1)
2.11.2.2 On Tomato Petioles and Stems
100(1)
2.11.2.3 On Tomato Fruits
101(1)
2.11.3 Cause and Disease Development
101(1)
2.11.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
102(1)
2.11.5 Disease Cycle
102(1)
2.11.5.1 Dissemination
102(1)
2.11.5.2 Inoculation
102(1)
2.11.5.3 Infection and Pathogen Development
102(1)
2.11.5.4 Symptom and Disease Development
102(1)
2.11.6 Management
103(1)
2.12 Southern Blight on Tomato
104(3)
2.12.1 Causal Organism
104(1)
2.12.2 Symptoms
104(1)
2.12.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
105(1)
2.12.4 Disease Cycle
105(1)
2.12.5 Management
105(1)
2.12.5.1 Integrated Management
105(1)
2.12.5.2 Chemical Control
106(1)
2.12.5.3 Biological Control
107(1)
2.13 Gray Mold on Tomato
107(3)
2.13.1 Causal Organism
107(1)
2.13.2 Symptoms
107(1)
2.13.3 Cause and Disease Development
108(1)
2.13.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
109(1)
2.13.5 Disease Cycle
109(1)
2.13.6 Management
110(1)
2.13.6.1 Cultural Control
110(1)
2.13.6.2 Chemical Control
110(1)
2.13.6.3 Resistance Management
110(1)
2.14 Root Knot Nematode
110(2)
2.14.1 Symptoms and Damage
111(1)
2.14.2 Life Cycle
111(1)
2.14.3 Management
112(1)
2.15 Stubby-Root Nematode
112(1)
2.15.1 Symptoms and Damage
113(1)
2.15.2 Management
113(1)
2.15.3 Sting Nematode on Tomato
113(1)
2.15.4 Symptoms
113(1)
2.16 Fusarium Crown and Root Rot
113(8)
2.16.1 Causal Organism
114(1)
2.16.2 Symptoms
114(1)
2.16.3 Cause and Disease Development
115(1)
2.16.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
115(1)
2.16.5 Disease Cycle
115(1)
2.16.6 Management
115(1)
2.16.6.1 Cultural control
115(2)
2.16.6.2 Chemical Control
117(1)
2.16.6.3 Biological Control
118(2)
2.16.6.4 Integrated Management
120(1)
2.17 Fusarium Wilt of Tomato
121(1)
2.17.1 Causal Organism
121(1)
2.17.2 Symptoms
121(1)
2.17.3 Cause and Disease Development
121(1)
2.17.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
121(1)
2.17.5 Disease Cycle
122(1)
2.17.6 Management
122(1)
2.17.6.1 Integrated Pest Management Strategies
122(1)
2.18 Verticillium Wilt of Tomato
122(2)
2.18.1 Causal Organism
122(1)
2.18.2 Symptoms
122(1)
2.18.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
123(1)
2.18.4 Disease Cycle
123(1)
2.18.5 Management
124(1)
2.19 Powdery Mildew of Tomato
124(3)
2.19.1 Causal Organism
125(1)
2.19.2 Symptoms
125(1)
2.19.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
126(1)
2.19.4 Disease Cycle
126(1)
2.19.5 Management
126(1)
2.19.5.1 Sulfur
126(1)
References
127(2)
Chapter 3 Citrus
129(48)
3.1 Alternaria Brown Spot of Citrus
129(2)
3.1.1 Causal Organism
129(1)
3.1.2 Symptoms
129(1)
3.1.3 Favorable Conditions for Disease Development
129(2)
3.1.4 Disease Cycle
131(1)
3.1.5 Management
131(1)
3.2 Citrus Black Spot
131(5)
3.2.1 Causal Organism
132(1)
3.2.2 Symptoms
132(1)
3.2.2.1 Hard Spot
132(1)
3.2.2.2 False Melanose
132(1)
3.2.2.3 Cracked Spot
133(1)
3.2.2.4 Virulent Spot
133(1)
3.2.2.5 Symptoms on Leaves and Stem
133(1)
3.2.3 Cause and Disease Development
134(1)
3.2.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
134(1)
3.2.5 Disease Cycle
134(1)
3.2.6 Management
135(1)
3.3 Greasy Spot of Citrus
136(3)
3.3.1 Causal Organism
136(1)
3.3.2 Symptoms
136(1)
3.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
136(1)
3.3.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
137(1)
3.3.5 Disease Cycle
137(1)
3.3.6 Management
138(1)
3.4 Alternaria Rot of Citrus
139(2)
3.4.1 Causal Organism
139(1)
3.4.2 Symptoms
139(1)
3.4.3 Favorable Conditions for Disease Development
139(1)
3.4.4 Disease Cycle
139(2)
3.4.5 Management
141(1)
3.5 Citrus Brown Rot
141(3)
3.5.1 Causal Organism
141(1)
3.5.2 Symptoms
141(1)
3.5.3 Cause and Disease Development
142(1)
3.5.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
143(1)
3.5.5 Disease Cycle
143(1)
3.5.6 Management
143(1)
3.5.6.1 Cultural Practices
143(1)
3.5.6.2 Fungicidal Protection
143(1)
3.6 Phytophthora Foot Rot and Root Rot of Citrus
144(3)
3.6.1 Causal Organism
144(1)
3.6.2 Symptoms
144(1)
3.6.2.1 Foot Rot/Gummosis
144(1)
3.6.2.2 Root Rot
144(2)
3.6.3 Cause and Disease Development
146(1)
3.6.4 Disease Cycle
146(1)
3.6.5 Management
147(1)
3.7 Anthracnose of Citrus
147(7)
3.7.1 Causal Organism
147(1)
3.7.2 Symptoms
147(1)
3.7.2.1 Leaf
147(1)
3.7.2.2 Fruit
147(1)
3.7.3 Cause and Disease Development
147(5)
3.7.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
152(1)
3.7.5 Disease Cycle
153(1)
3.7.6 Management
153(1)
3.8 Citrus Canker
154(5)
3.8.1 Causal Organism
154(1)
3.8.2 Symptoms
154(1)
3.8.2.1 Leaf
154(1)
3.8.2.2 Fruit
155(1)
3.8.2.3 Twigs
156(1)
3.8.3 Cause and Disease Development
156(1)
3.8.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
156(1)
3.8.5 Disease Cycle
157(1)
3.8.6 Management
158(1)
3.8.6.1 Cultural Practices
158(1)
3.8.6.2 Chemical Control
158(1)
3.8.6.3 Integrated Management Programs
159(1)
3.9 Citrus Greening
159(2)
3.9.1 Causal Organism
160(1)
3.9.2 Symptoms
160(1)
3.9.3 Transmission of the Disease
160(1)
3.9.4 Disease Cycle
161(1)
3.10 Citrus Variegated Chlorosis
161(3)
3.10.1 Causal Organism
161(1)
3.10.2 Symptoms
162(1)
3.10.2.1 Leaf
162(1)
3.10.2.2 Fruit
162(1)
3.10.2.3 Whole Tree
162(1)
3.10.3 Favorable Conditions for Disease Development and Disease Transmission
163(1)
3.10.4 Disease Cycle
163(1)
3.10.5 Management
163(1)
3.11 Green Mold on Citrus
164(2)
3.11.1 Causal Organism
164(1)
3.11.2 Symptoms
164(1)
3.11.3 Cause and Disease Development
164(1)
3.11.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
165(1)
3.11.5 Disease Cycle
165(1)
3.11.6 Management
166(1)
3.12 Citrus Melanose
166(2)
3.12.1 Causal Organism
166(1)
3.12.2 Symptoms
166(1)
3.12.2.1 Leaf
166(1)
3.12.2.2 Fruit
166(1)
3.12.3 Cause and Disease Development
167(1)
3.12.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
167(1)
3.12.5 Disease Cycle
168(1)
3.12.5.1 Dispersal
168(1)
3.12.5.2 Infection
168(1)
3.12.6 Management
168(1)
3.13 Postbloom Fruit Drop
168(4)
3.13.1 Causal Organism
169(1)
3.13.2 Symptoms
169(1)
3.13.3 Cause and Disease Development
170(1)
3.13.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
171(1)
3.13.4.1 Rainfall
171(1)
3.13.4.2 Leaf Wetness
171(1)
3.13.5 Disease Cycle
171(1)
3.13.6 Management
171(1)
3.14 Sooty Blotch of Citrus
172(1)
3.14.1 Causal Organism
172(1)
3.14.2 Symptoms
172(1)
3.14.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
173(1)
3.14.4 Management
173(1)
3.15 Sweet Orange Scab
173(2)
3.15.1 Causal Organism
174(1)
3.15.2 Symptoms
174(1)
3.15.3 Cause and Disease Development
175(1)
3.15.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
175(1)
3.15.5 Disease Cycle
175(1)
3.15.6 Management
175(1)
References
175(2)
Chapter 4 Apple
177(36)
4.1 Alternaria Blotch of Apple
177(2)
4.1.1 Causal Organism
177(1)
4.1.2 Symptoms
177(2)
4.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
179(1)
4.1.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
179(1)
4.1.5 Disease Cycle
179(1)
4.1.6 Management
179(1)
4.2 Apple Scab
179(3)
4.2.1 Causal Organism
179(1)
4.2.2 Symptoms
179(2)
4.2.3 Cause and Disease Development
181(1)
4.2.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
181(1)
4.2.5 Disease Cycle
181(1)
4.2.6 Management
181(1)
4.3 Fire Blight of Apple
182(7)
4.3.1 Causal Organism
182(1)
4.3.2 Symptoms
183(3)
4.3.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
186(1)
4.3.4 Disease Cycle
186(1)
4.3.5 Management
187(2)
4.4 Apple Powdery Mildew
189(2)
4.4.1 Causal Organism
189(1)
4.4.2 Symptoms
190(1)
4.4.3 Cause and Disease Development
190(1)
4.4.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
191(1)
4.4.5 Disease Cycle
191(1)
4.4.6 Management
191(1)
4.5 Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck of Apple
191(4)
4.5.1 Causal Organism
192(1)
4.5.2 Symptoms
192(1)
4.5.2.1 Sooty Blotch
192(1)
4.5.2.2 Flyspeck
192(1)
4.5.3 Cause and Disease Development
192(1)
4.5.3.1 Sooty Blotch
192(1)
4.5.3.2 Flyspeck
192(1)
4.5.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
193(1)
4.5.4.1 Sooty Blotch
193(1)
4.5.4.2 Flyspeck
193(1)
4.5.5 Disease Cycle
193(1)
4.5.6 Management
194(1)
4.6 Apple Mosaic Virus
195(2)
4.6.1 Causal Organism
195(1)
4.6.2 Symptoms
195(1)
4.6.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
195(2)
4.6.4 Prevention and Control
197(1)
4.7 Apple Stem Grooving Virus
197(1)
4.7.1 Causal Organism
197(1)
4.7.2 Symptoms
197(1)
4.7.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
197(1)
4.7.4 Prevention and Control
198(1)
4.8 Apple Stem Pitting Virus
198(1)
4.8.1 Causal Organism
198(1)
4.8.2 Symptoms
198(1)
4.8.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
198(1)
4.9 Apple Union Necrosis and Decline
198(1)
4.9.1 Causal Organism
199(1)
4.9.2 Symptoms
199(1)
4.9.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
199(1)
4.9.4 Prevention and Control
199(1)
4.10 Blister Spot of Apple
199(2)
4.10.1 Causal Organism
199(1)
4.10.2 Symptoms
199(1)
4.10.3 Cause and Disease Development
200(1)
4.10.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
200(1)
4.10.5 Disease Cycle
200(1)
4.10.6 Management
200(1)
4.11 Blue Mold of Apple
201(3)
4.11.1 Causal Organism
201(1)
4.11.2 Symptoms
201(1)
4.11.3 Cause and Disease Development
202(1)
4.11.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
203(1)
4.11.5 Disease Cycle
203(1)
4.11.6 Management
203(1)
4.12 Botrytis Rot of Apple
204(3)
4.12.1 Causal Organism
204(1)
4.12.2 Symptoms
204(1)
4.12.2.1 In the orchard
204(1)
4.12.2.2 In Store
204(1)
4.12.2.3 On Other Apple Varieties Botrytis Rot is Mainly Mid-Brown
204(1)
4.12.3 Cause and Disease Development
205(1)
4.12.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
205(1)
4.12.5 Disease Cycle
206(1)
4.12.6 Management
206(1)
4.12.6.1 Cultural Control
206(1)
4.12.6.2 Biological Control
207(1)
4.12.6.3 Chemical Control
207(1)
4.13 Disorders of Apple
207(4)
4.13.1 Bitter Pit
207(1)
4.13.1.1 Management
208(1)
4.13.2 Water Core
208(1)
4.13.2.1 Management
209(1)
4.13.3 Brown Heart
209(1)
4.13.3.1 Management
210(1)
4.13.4 Apple Sunburn (Sunscald)
210(1)
4.13.4.1 Management
210(1)
4.13.5 Scald
211(1)
4.13.5.1 Management
211(1)
References
211(2)
Chapter 5 Banana
213(18)
5.1 Banana Bacterial Wilt
213(2)
5.1.1 Causal Organism
213(1)
5.1.2 Symptoms
213(1)
5.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
213(2)
5.1.4 Management
215(1)
5.1.4.1 Disease Cycle
215(1)
5.2 Banana Bract Mosaic Virus
215(3)
5.2.1 Causal Organism
216(1)
5.2.2 Symptoms
216(2)
5.2.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
218(1)
5.2.4 Prevention and Control
218(1)
5.3 Banana Mild Mosaic Virus
218(1)
5.3.1 Causal Organism
218(1)
5.3.2 Symptoms
218(1)
5.3.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
218(1)
5.3.4 Prevention and Control
219(1)
5.4 Banana Streak Virus
219(1)
5.4.1 Causal Organism
219(1)
5.4.2 Symptoms
219(1)
5.4.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
220(1)
5.4.4 Prevention and Control
220(1)
5.5 CMV
220(2)
5.5.1 Causal Organism
221(1)
5.5.2 Symptoms
221(1)
5.5.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
222(1)
5.5.4 Prevention and Control
222(1)
5.6 Burrowing Nematode
222(2)
5.6.1 Symptoms
222(1)
5.6.2 Life Cycle
223(1)
5.6.3 Conditions that Favor Development
223(1)
5.6.4 Prevention and Control
223(1)
5.7 Root Knot Nematode
224(1)
5.7.1 Life Cycle, Symptoms, and Damage
224(1)
5.7.2 Management
224(1)
5.8 Cigar-End Rot of Banana
225(2)
5.8.1 Causal Organism
226(1)
5.8.2 Symptoms
226(1)
5.8.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
226(1)
5.8.4 Management
226(1)
5.9 Disorders
227(1)
5.9.1 Choke Throat
227(1)
5.9.2 Management
227(1)
5.9.3 Chilling Injury
228(1)
5.9.4 Potassium Deficiency
228(1)
References
228(3)
Chapter 6 Pepper
231(30)
6.1 Anthracnose of Pepper
231(2)
6.1.1 Causal Organism
231(1)
6.1.2 Symptoms
231(1)
6.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
231(1)
6.1.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
232(1)
6.1.5 Disease Cycle
232(1)
6.1.6 Management
233(1)
6.2 Bacterial Spot of Pepper
233(2)
6.2.1 Causal Organism
233(1)
6.2.2 Symptoms
233(1)
6.2.3 Cause and Disease Development
233(1)
6.2.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
234(1)
6.2.5 Disease Cycle
234(1)
6.2.6 Management
235(1)
6.3 Cercospora Leaf Spot
235(2)
6.3.1 Causal Organism
236(1)
6.3.2 Symptoms
236(1)
6.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
236(1)
6.3.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
236(1)
6.3.5 Disease Cycle
236(1)
6.3.6 Management
237(1)
6.4 CMV.PVY.TEV
237(2)
6.4.1 Cucumber Mosaic Virus on Pepper
237(1)
6.4.1.1 Causal Organism
237(1)
6.4.1.2 Symptoms
238(1)
6.4.1.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
238(1)
6.4.2 Potato Virus Y
238(1)
6.4.2.1 Symptoms
238(1)
6.4.2.2 Means of Movement and Transmission
238(1)
6.4.3 Tobacco Etch Virus
238(1)
6.4.3.1 Symptoms
239(1)
6.4.3.2 Means of Movement and Transmission
239(1)
6.4.4 Prevention and Control of CMV, PVY, and TEV
239(1)
6.5 Pepper Mild Mottle Virus
239(2)
6.5.1 Causal Organism
239(1)
6.5.2 Symptoms
239(1)
6.5.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
240(1)
6.5.4 Prevention and Control
240(1)
6.6 TMV on Pepper
241(2)
6.6.1 Causal Organism
241(1)
6.6.2 Symptoms
241(1)
6.6.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
242(1)
6.6.4 Prevention and Control
242(1)
6.7 Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
243(1)
6.7.1 Causal Organism
243(1)
6.7.2 Symptoms
243(1)
6.7.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
243(1)
6.7.4 Prevention and Control
244(1)
6.8 Blossom-End Rot of Pepper
244(2)
6.8.1 Symptoms
244(1)
6.8.2 Management
245(1)
6.8.3 Sunscald
245(1)
6.8.4 Symptoms
245(1)
6.8.5 Management
246(1)
6.8.6 Misshapen Fruit
246(1)
6.8.6.1 Cause
246(1)
6.8.6.2 Prevention
246(1)
6.9 Fusarium Stem and Fruit Rot of Pepper
246(2)
6.9.1 Causal Organism
246(1)
6.9.2 Symptoms
247(1)
6.9.3 Cause and Disease Development
248(1)
6.9.4 Management
248(1)
6.10 Southern Blight on Pepper
248(3)
6.10.1 Causal Organism
248(1)
6.10.2 Symptoms
248(1)
6.10.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
249(1)
6.10.4 Disease Cycle
249(1)
6.10.5 Management
249(1)
6.10.5.1 Integrated Management
249(1)
6.10.5.2 Chemical Control
250(1)
6.10.5.3 Biological Control
251(1)
6.11 Powdery Mildew of Pepper
251(2)
6.11.1 Causal Organism
251(1)
6.11.2 Symptoms
251(1)
6.11.3 Cause and Disease Development
252(1)
6.11.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
252(1)
6.11.5 Disease Cycle
252(1)
6.11.6 Management
253(1)
6.12 Phytophthora Blight
253(3)
6.12.1 Causal Organism
253(1)
6.12.2 Symptoms
253(2)
6.12.3 Cause and Disease Development
255(1)
6.12.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
255(1)
6.12.5 Disease Cycle
255(1)
6.12.6 Management
256(1)
6.13 Root Knot Nematode
256(2)
6.13.1 Symptoms and Damage
256(1)
6.13.2 Life Cycle
257(1)
6.13.3 Management
257(1)
6.13.4 Sting Nematode on Pepper
258(1)
6.13.5 Symptoms
258(1)
6.14 Verticillium Wilt of Pepper
258(2)
6.14.1 Causal Organism
258(1)
6.14.2 Symptoms
258(1)
6.14.3 Cause and Disease Development
258(1)
6.14.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
259(1)
6.14.5 Disease Cycle
259(1)
6.14.6 Management
259(1)
References
260(1)
Chapter 7 Potato
261(44)
7.1 Bacterial Soft Rot and Blackleg
261(3)
7.1.1 Causal Organism
261(1)
7.1.2 Symptoms
261(1)
7.1.2.1 Soft Rot
261(2)
7.1.2.2 Blackleg
263(1)
7.1.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
263(1)
7.1.4 Disease Cycle
263(1)
7.1.4.1 Soft Rot
263(1)
7.1.4.2 Blackleg
264(1)
7.1.5 Management
264(1)
7.2 Bacterial Wilt of Potato
264(3)
7.2.1 Causal Organism
264(1)
7.2.2 Symptoms
265(1)
7.2.2.1 Aboveground
265(1)
7.2.2.2 Belowground
265(1)
7.2.3 Cause and Disease Development
266(1)
7.2.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
266(1)
7.2.5 Disease Cycle
266(1)
7.2.6 Management
267(1)
7.3 Fusarium Dry Rot
267(3)
7.3.1 Causal Organism
267(1)
7.3.2 Symptoms
268(1)
7.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
268(1)
7.3.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
269(1)
7.3.5 Disease Cycle
269(1)
7.3.6 Management
269(1)
7.3.6.1 Cultural Control
269(1)
7.3.6.2 Chemical Control
269(1)
7.3.6.3 Biological Control
269(1)
7.4 Pink Rot of Potato
270(3)
7.4.1 Causal Organism
270(1)
7.4.2 Symptoms
270(1)
7.4.3 Cause and Disease Development
271(1)
7.4.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
271(1)
7.4.5 Disease Cycle
271(1)
7.4.6 Management
272(1)
7.4.6.1 Fungicide Application
272(1)
7.5 Bacterial Ring Rot of Potato
273(2)
7.5.1 Causal Organism
273(1)
7.5.2 Symptoms
273(1)
7.5.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
273(1)
7.5.4 Disease Cycle
274(1)
7.5.5 Management
274(1)
7.6 Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Potato
275(1)
7.6.1 Causal Organism
275(1)
7.6.2 Symptoms
275(1)
7.6.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
275(1)
7.6.4 Disease Cycle
276(1)
7.6.5 Management
276(1)
7.7 Pink Eye of Potato
276(2)
7.7.1 Causal Organism
277(1)
7.7.2 Symptoms
277(1)
7.7.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
277(1)
7.7.4 Disease Cycle
278(1)
7.7.5 Management
278(1)
7.8 Black Dot Disease of Potato
278(2)
7.8.1 Causal Organism
278(1)
7.8.2 Symptoms
278(1)
7.8.3 Cause and Disease Development
279(1)
7.8.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
279(1)
7.8.5 Disease Cycle
280(1)
7.8.6 Management
280(1)
7.8.6.1 Seed
280(1)
7.8.6.2 Field
280(1)
7.8.6.3 Storage
280(1)
7.9 Common Scab of Potato
280(2)
7.9.1 Causal Organism
280(1)
7.9.2 Symptoms
281(1)
7.9.3 Cause and Disease Development
281(1)
7.9.4 Disease Cycle
281(1)
7.9.5 Management
282(1)
7.10 Dickeya Solani on Potato
282(1)
7.10.1 Causal Organism
282(1)
7.10.2 Symptoms
283(1)
7.10.3 Management
283(1)
7.11 Disorders in Potato
283(3)
7.11.1 Brown Center and Hollow Heart
283(2)
7.11.1.1 To Reduce Hollow Heart
285(1)
7.11.2 Growth Cracks
285(1)
7.11.3 Potato Greening
285(1)
7.12 Early Blight of Potato
286(3)
7.12.1 Causal Organism
286(1)
7.12.2 Symptoms
287(1)
7.12.3 Cause and Disease Development
287(1)
7.12.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
288(1)
7.12.5 Disease Cycle
288(1)
7.12.6 Management
289(1)
7.12.6.1 Cultural Practices
289(1)
7.12.6.2 Chemical Practices
289(1)
7.12.6.3 Resistant Cultivars
289(1)
7.13 Late Blight of Potato
289(3)
7.13.1 Causal Organism
289(1)
7.13.2 Symptoms
290(1)
7.13.3 Cause and Disease Development
290(1)
7.13.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
290(1)
7.13.5 Disease Cycle
291(1)
7.13.6 Management
291(1)
7.14 Potato Black Ringspot Virus (PBRSV)
292(1)
7.14.1 Symptoms
292(1)
7.14.2 Means of Movement and Transmission
292(1)
7.14.3 Prevention and Control
292(1)
7.15 Potato Leafroll Virus
293(2)
7.15.1 Causal Organism
293(1)
7.15.2 Symptoms
293(1)
7.15.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
294(1)
7.15.4 Prevention and Control
294(1)
7.16 Potato Virus Y
295(1)
7.16.1 Causal Organism
295(1)
7.16.2 Symptoms
295(1)
7.16.3 Means of Movement and Transmission
295(1)
7.16.4 Prevention and Control
296(1)
7.17 Root Knot Nematode on Potato
296(1)
7.17.1 Symptoms
296(1)
7.17.2 Spread
296(1)
7.17.3 Management
297(1)
7.17.4 Root Lesion Nematode
297(1)
7.17.5 Symptoms
297(1)
7.17.6 Management
297(1)
7.18 Rhizoctonia Canker
297(6)
7.18.1 Causal Organism
298(1)
7.18.2 Symptoms
298(1)
7.18.3 Cause and Disease Development
299(1)
7.18.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
299(1)
7.18.5 Disease Cycle
299(1)
7.18.6 Management
300(1)
7.19 Silver Scurf of Potato
300(1)
7.19.1 Causal Organism
300(1)
7.19.2 Symptoms
300(1)
7.19.3 Cause and Disease Development
301(1)
7.19.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
301(1)
7.19.5 Disease Cycle
301(1)
7.19.6 Management
302(1)
References
303(2)
Chapter 8 Onion
305(22)
8.1 Basal Plate Rot
305(1)
8.1.1 Pathogen
305(1)
8.1.2 Symptoms
305(1)
8.1.3 Disease Development and Epidemiology
305(1)
8.1.4 Control Measures
306(1)
8.2 Fusarium Rot Disease (Yellows)
306(2)
8.2.1 Symptoms
306(1)
8.2.2 Pathogen Detection
307(1)
8.2.3 Pathogen Life
307(1)
8.2.4 Control Measures
307(1)
8.3 Onion Leaf Rot and Leaf Blight
308(5)
8.3.1 Pathogen
308(1)
8.3.2 Symptoms
308(1)
8.3.3 Epidemiology
308(2)
8.3.4 Control Measures
310(3)
8.4 Onion Neck Rot
313(2)
8.4.1 B. aclada: The pathogen
313(1)
8.4.2 Symptoms
313(1)
8.4.3 Control Measures and Disease Management
314(1)
8.5 Onion White Root Rot
315(2)
8.5.1 Symptoms
315(1)
8.5.2 Disease Cycle
315(1)
8.5.3 Control Measures
316(1)
8.5.3.1 Sanitation
316(1)
8.5.3.2 Cultural Controls
317(1)
8.5.3.3 Sclerotia Germination Stimulants
317(1)
8.5.3.4 Chemical Controls
317(1)
8.5.3.5 Organically Acceptable Practices / Biological Control
317(1)
8.6 Downy Mildew
317(1)
8.6.1 Pathogen
317(1)
8.6.2 Symptoms
318(1)
8.6.3 Epidemiology
318(1)
8.6.4 Control and Management of Disease
318(1)
8.6.4.1 Cultural Management
318(2)
8.6.4.2 Chemical Treatment
320(1)
8.6.4.3 Disease Forecast
320(1)
8.7 Onion Smut
320(2)
8.7.1 Pathogen
320(1)
8.7.2 Symptoms
320(1)
8.7.3 Factors Affecting the Disease
321(1)
8.7.4 Control Measures
321(1)
8.8 Pink Root
322(1)
8.8.1 Pathogen
322(1)
8.8.2 Disease Development and Symptoms
322(1)
8.8.3 Epidemiology
322(1)
8.8.4 Control Measures
323(1)
8.8.4.1 Crop Rotation
323(1)
8.8.4.2 Resistant Cultivars
323(1)
8.8.4.3 Chemical Methods for Curing
323(1)
8.8.4.4 Solarization
323(1)
8.8.5 Preventive Measure
323(1)
8.9 Purple Blotch
323(3)
8.9.1 Symptoms
323(1)
8.9.2 Epidemiology
324(1)
8.9.3 Epidemic
325(1)
8.9.4 Control Measures
325(1)
8.9.4.1 Crop Rotation
325(1)
8.9.4.2 Sanitation and Crop Debris
325(1)
8.9.4.3 Plantation and Crop Handling
325(1)
8.9.4.4 Chemical Control
325(1)
8.9.4.5 Resistant Cultivars
325(1)
References
326(1)
Chapter 9 Chili
327(24)
9.1 Anthracnose of Chili
327(3)
9.1.1 Causal Organism
327(1)
9.1.2 Symptoms
327(1)
9.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
328(1)
9.1.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease
328(1)
9.1.5 Disease Cycle
329(1)
9.1.6 Management
329(1)
9.1.6.1 Chemical Control
329(1)
9.1.6.2 Biological Control
329(1)
9.1.6.3 Cultural Control
330(1)
9.2 Bacterial Leaf Spot of Chili
330(4)
9.2.1 Causal Organism
330(1)
9.2.2 Symptoms
330(2)
9.2.3 Cause and Disease Development
332(1)
9.2.4 Favorable Conditions
332(1)
9.2.5 Disease Cycle
332(1)
9.2.6 Management
332(1)
9.2.6.1 Chemical Control
332(1)
9.2.6.2 Biological Control
333(1)
9.2.6.3 Cultural Control
333(1)
9.3 Cercospora Leaf Spot of Chili
334(2)
9.3.1 Causal Organism
334(1)
9.3.2 Symptoms
334(1)
9.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
334(1)
9.3.4 Favorable Conditions
334(2)
9.3.5 Management
336(1)
9.3.5.1 Chemical Control
336(1)
9.4 Pepper Mottle Mosaic Virus (PMMV)
336(2)
9.4.1 Causal Organism
336(1)
9.4.2 Symptoms
336(1)
9.4.3 Cause and Disease Development
337(1)
9.4.4 Management
337(1)
9.5 Phytophthora Blight of Pepper/Chili
338(2)
9.5.1 Causal Organism
338(1)
9.5.2 Symptoms
338(1)
9.5.3 Cause and Disease Development
339(1)
9.5.4 Favorable Conditions
339(1)
9.5.5 Disease Cycle
339(1)
9.5.6 Management
340(1)
9.5.6.1 Chemical Control
340(1)
9.5.6.2 Biological Control
340(1)
9.5.6.3 Cultural Control
340(1)
9.6 Powdery Mildew of Chili
340(4)
9.6.1 Causal Organism
341(1)
9.6.2 Symptoms
341(1)
9.6.3 Cause and Disease Development
342(1)
9.6.4 Favorable Conditions
342(1)
9.6.5 Disease Cycle
343(1)
9.6.6 Management
343(1)
9.6.6.1 Chemical Control
343(1)
9.6.6.2 Biological Control
343(1)
9.7 Verticillium Wilt of Chili
344(5)
9.7.1 Causal Organism
344(1)
9.7.2 Symptoms
344(3)
9.7.3 Cause and Disease Development
347(1)
9.7.4 Favorable Conditions
347(1)
9.7.5 Disease Cycle
347(1)
9.7.6 Management
348(1)
References
349(2)
Chapter 10 Cucurbits
351(56)
10.1 Anthracnose of Cucurbits
351(4)
10.1.1 Causal Organism
351(1)
10.1.2 Symptoms
351(1)
10.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
352(1)
10.1.4 Favorable Conditions
353(1)
10.1.5 Disease Cycle
353(1)
10.1.6 Management
354(1)
10.1.6.1 Chemical Control
354(1)
10.1.6.2 Biological Control
354(1)
10.1.6.3 Cultural Control
354(1)
10.2 Alternaria Leaf Blight (Spot) of Cucurbits
355(4)
10.2.1 Causal Organism
355(1)
10.2.2 Symptoms
356(1)
10.2.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
357(1)
10.2.4 Disease Cycle
357(1)
10.2.5 Management
357(1)
10.2.5.1 Chemical Control
358(1)
10.2.5.2 Biological Control
359(1)
10.2.5.3 Cultural Control
359(1)
10.3 Gummy Stem Blight of Cucurbits
359(5)
10.3.1 Causal Organism
360(1)
10.3.2 Symptoms
360(1)
10.3.2.1 Stems
360(1)
10.3.2.2 Fruits
360(1)
10.3.2.3 Leaves
360(2)
10.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
362(1)
10.3.4 Favorable Conditions
362(1)
10.3.5 Disease Cycle
362(1)
10.3.6 Management
363(1)
10.3.6.1 Chemical Control
363(1)
10.3.6.2 Cultural Control
364(1)
10.3.6.3 Fungicides
364(1)
10.4 Angular Leaf Spot of Cucurbits
364(4)
10.4.1 Causal Organism
364(2)
10.4.2 Symptoms
366(1)
10.4.3 Cause and Disease Development
367(1)
10.4.4 Favorable Conditions
367(1)
10.4.5 Disease Cycle
367(1)
10.4.6 Management
368(1)
10.4.6.1 Chemical Control
368(1)
10.4.6.2 Biological Control
368(1)
10.4.6.3 Cultural Control
368(1)
10.5 Cercospora Leaf Spot of Cucurbits
368(3)
10.5.1 Causal Organism
368(1)
10.5.2 Symptoms
368(2)
10.5.3 Cause and Disease Development
370(1)
10.5.4 Favorable Conditions
370(1)
10.5.5 Disease Cycle
370(1)
10.5.6 Management
370(1)
10.5.6.1 Chemical Control
370(1)
10.5.6.2 Biological Control
371(1)
10.5.6.3 Cultural Control
371(1)
10.6 Charcoal Rot of Cucurbits
371(2)
10.6.1 Causal Organism
371(1)
10.6.2 Symptoms
371(1)
10.6.3 Cause and Disease Development
371(2)
10.6.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
373(1)
10.6.5 Management
373(1)
10.7 Choanephora Wet Rot of Cucurbits
373(2)
10.7.1 Causal Organism
373(1)
10.7.2 Symptoms
374(1)
10.7.3 Cause and Disease Development
374(1)
10.7.4 Favorable Conditions
374(1)
10.7.5 Disease Cycle
375(1)
10.7.6 Management
375(1)
10.8 Cucumber Mosaic Virus Disease
375(2)
10.8.1 Causal Organism
375(1)
10.8.2 Symptoms
375(1)
10.8.3 Cause and Disease Development
376(1)
10.8.4 Favorable Conditions
376(1)
10.8.5 Disease Cycle
376(1)
10.8.6 Management
377(1)
10.8.6.1 Chemical Control and Biological Control
377(1)
10.8.6.2 Cultural Control
377(1)
10.9 Root Knot Nematode of Cucurbits
377(4)
10.9.1 Causal Organism
378(1)
10.9.2 Symptoms
378(1)
10.9.3 Cause and Disease Development
378(1)
10.9.4 Favorable Conditions
379(1)
10.9.5 Disease Cycle
379(2)
10.9.6 Management
381(1)
10.9.6.1 Chemical Control
381(1)
10.9.6.2 Biological Control
381(1)
10.9.6.3 Cultural Control
381(1)
10.10 Downy Mildew of Cucurbits
381(5)
10.10.1 Causal Organism
382(1)
10.10.2 Symptoms
382(1)
10.10.3 Cause and Disease Development
383(1)
10.10.4 Favorable Conditions
384(1)
10.10.5 Disease Cycle
384(1)
10.10.6 Management
385(1)
10.10.6.1 Chemical Control
385(1)
10.10.6.2 Biological Control
385(1)
10.10.6.3 Cultural Control
386(1)
10.11 Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits
386(3)
10.11.1 Causal Organism
387(1)
10.11.2 Symptoms
387(1)
10.11.3 Cause and Disease Development
387(1)
10.11.4 Favorable Conditions
388(1)
10.11.5 Disease Cycle
388(1)
10.11.6 Management
388(1)
10.11.6.1 Chemical Control
388(1)
10.11.6.2 Biological Control
389(1)
10.11.6.3 Cultural Control
389(1)
10.12 Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucurbits
389(5)
10.12.1 Causal Organism
390(1)
10.12.2 Symptoms
390(2)
10.12.3 Cause and Disease Development
392(1)
10.12.4 Favorable Conditions
393(1)
10.12.5 Disease Cycle
393(1)
10.12.6 Management
393(1)
10.12.6.1 Chemical Control
393(1)
10.12.6.2 Biological Control
393(1)
10.12.6.3 Cultural Control
394(1)
10.13 Pythium Disease of Cucurbits
394(3)
10.13.1 Causal Organism
395(1)
10.13.2 Symptoms
395(1)
10.13.2.1 Fruit Rot
395(1)
10.13.2.2 Root Rot
395(1)
10.13.3 Cause and Disease Development
395(2)
10.13.4 Disease Cycle
397(1)
10.13.5 Management
397(1)
10.13.5.1 Chemical Control
397(1)
10.13.5.2 Biological Control
397(1)
10.13.5.3 Cultural Control
397(1)
10.14 Scab or Gummosis of Cucurbits
397(8)
10.14.1 Causal Organism
399(1)
10.14.2 Symptoms
399(2)
10.14.3 Cause and Disease Development
401(1)
10.14.4 Favorable Conditions
401(1)
10.14.5 Disease Cycle
401(1)
10.14.6 Management
401(4)
References
405(2)
Chapter 11 Ginger
407(18)
11.1 Ginger Wilt
407(6)
11.1.1 Causal Organism
407(1)
11.1.2 Symptoms
407(1)
11.1.3 Disease Cycle
408(1)
11.1.4 Cause and Disease Development
409(2)
11.1.5 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
411(1)
11.1.6 Management and Control
412(1)
11.1.7 Seed Selection
412(1)
11.2 Bacterial Wilt of Ginger
413(4)
11.2.1 Causal Organism
413(1)
11.2.2 Symptoms
414(1)
11.2.3 Pathogen Detection and Disease Diagnosis
414(1)
11.2.3.1 Bioassay
415(1)
11.2.3.2 Immunoassay
415(1)
11.2.3.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction and DNA Test
415(1)
11.2.4 Management of the Disease and Control Measures
415(1)
11.2.4.1 Chemical Procedures
416(1)
11.2.4.2 Crop Rotation and Inter-cropping
416(1)
11.2.5 Storage
417(1)
11.3 Fungal Soft Rot
417(3)
11.3.1 Disease Cycle
418(1)
11.3.2 Disease Management
419(1)
11.4 Fusarium Rot Disease (Yellows)
420(2)
11.4.1 Symptoms
420(1)
11.4.2 Pathogen detection
421(1)
11.4.3 Pathogen Life
421(1)
11.4.4 Control Measures
421(1)
11.5 Phyllosticta Leaf Spot
422(1)
11.5.1 The Pathogen
422(1)
11.5.2 Symptoms
422(1)
11.5.3 Disease Cycle
422(1)
11.5.4 Management
423(1)
References
423(2)
Chapter 12 Maize
425(34)
12.1 Anthracnose of Maize
425(2)
12.1.1 Causal Organism
425(1)
12.1.2 Symptoms
425(1)
12.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
426(1)
12.1.4 Favorable Conditions
426(1)
12.1.5 Disease Cycle
426(1)
12.1.6 Management
427(1)
12.1.6.1 Chemical/Biological Control
427(1)
12.1.6.2 Cultural Practices
427(1)
12.2 Common Rust of Corn
427(4)
12.2.1 Causal Organism
428(1)
12.2.2 Symptoms of Common Rust
428(1)
12.2.3 Symptoms of Southern Rust
428(1)
12.2.4 Cause and Disease Development
429(1)
12.2.5 Favorable Conditions
429(1)
12.2.6 Disease Cycle
430(1)
12.2.7 Management
430(1)
12.2.7.1 Chemical Control
430(1)
12.2.7.2 Cultural Control
431(1)
12.3 Common Smut of Corn
431(5)
12.3.1 Causal Organism
431(2)
12.3.2 Symptoms
433(1)
12.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
433(1)
12.3.4 Favorable Conditions
434(1)
12.3.5 Disease Cycle
434(1)
12.3.6 Management
435(1)
12.4 Downy Mildew of Corn (Crazy Top of Corn)
436(2)
12.4.1 Causal Organism
436(1)
12.4.2 Symptoms
436(1)
12.4.3 Cause and Disease Development
437(1)
12.4.4 Favorable Conditions
437(1)
12.4.5 Disease Cycle
437(1)
12.4.6 Management
438(1)
12.5 Eyespot Disease of Corn
438(3)
12.5.1 Causal Organism
438(1)
12.5.2 Symptoms
438(1)
12.5.3 Cause and Disease Development
439(1)
12.5.4 Favorable Conditions
439(1)
12.5.5 Disease Cycle
439(1)
12.5.6 Management
440(1)
12.5.6.1 Chemical Control
440(1)
12.5.6.2 Biological Control
440(1)
12.5.6.3 Cultural Control
440(1)
12.6 Gray Leaf Spot of Corn
441(4)
12.6.1 Causal Organism
441(1)
12.6.2 Symptoms
441(1)
12.6.3 Cause and Disease Development
442(1)
12.6.4 Favorable Conditions
443(1)
12.6.5 Disease Cycle
443(1)
12.6.6 Management
443(1)
12.6.6.1 Chemical Control
443(1)
12.6.6.2 Headline EC
444(1)
12.6.6.3 Quilt
444(1)
12.6.6.4 Proline 480 SC
444(1)
12.6.6.5 Tilt 250 and Bumper 418 EC
445(1)
12.6.6.6 Biological Control
445(1)
12.6.6.7 Cultural Control
445(1)
12.7 Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus
445(3)
12.7.1 Causal Organism
446(1)
12.7.2 Symptoms
446(1)
12.7.3 Cause and Disease Development
446(1)
12.7.4 Favorable Conditions
447(1)
12.7.5 Disease Cycle
447(1)
12.7.6 Management
447(1)
12.8 Northern Corn Leaf Blight of Maize
448(3)
12.8.1 Causal Organism
448(1)
12.8.2 Symptoms
448(1)
12.8.3 Cause and Disease Development
449(1)
12.8.4 Favorable Conditions
449(1)
12.8.5 Disease Cycle
449(1)
12.8.6 Management
450(1)
12.8.6.1 Chemical Control
450(1)
12.8.6.2 Biological Control
450(1)
12.8.6.3 Cultural Control
451(1)
12.9 Southern Corn Leaf Blight
451(3)
12.9.1 Causal Organism
451(1)
12.9.2 Symptoms
451(1)
12.9.3 Cause and Disease Development
452(1)
12.9.4 Favorable Conditions
452(1)
12.9.5 Disease Cycle
452(1)
12.9.6 Management
453(1)
12.10 Stewart's Bacterial Wilt
454(3)
12.10.1 Causal Organism
454(1)
12.10.2 Symptoms
454(1)
12.10.3 Cause and Disease Development
454(1)
12.10.4 Favorable Conditions
455(1)
12.10.5 Disease Cycle
456(1)
12.10.6 Management
456(1)
12.10.6.1 Chemical Control
456(1)
12.10.6.2 Cultural Control
457(1)
12.10.6.3 Biological Control
457(1)
References
457(2)
Chapter 13 Grape
459(66)
13.1 Anthracnose of Grapes
459(5)
13.1.1 Causal Organism
459(1)
13.1.2 Symptoms
459(2)
13.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
461(1)
13.1.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
462(1)
13.1.5 Disease Cycle
462(1)
13.1.6 Management
463(1)
13.1.7 Control
463(1)
13.2 Alternaria Rot
464(3)
13.2.1 Causal Organism
464(1)
13.2.2 Taxonomy
464(1)
13.2.3 Symptoms
465(1)
13.2.4 Cause and Disease Development
465(1)
13.2.5 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
466(1)
13.2.6 Management
466(1)
13.3 Gray Mold (Botrytis Cinerea)
467(2)
13.3.1 Causal Organism
467(1)
13.3.2 Symptoms
467(1)
13.3.3 Cause and Disease Development
467(1)
13.3.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
468(1)
13.3.5 Management
468(1)
13.4 Black Rot (Guignardia bidwelli)
469(7)
13.4.1 Causal Organism
469(1)
13.4.2 Symptoms
469(2)
13.4.3 Cause and Disease Development
471(1)
13.4.4 Favorable Conditions for the Disease Development
472(1)
13.4.5 Management
473(3)
13.5 Armillaria Root Rot in Grapes
476(3)
13.5.1 Causal Organism
477(1)
13.5.2 Symptoms
477(1)
13.5.3 Cause and Disease Development
477(1)
13.5.4 Favorable Conditions
478(1)
13.5.5 Disease Cycle
478(1)
13.5.6 Management
478(1)
13.5.6.1 Chemical Control
478(1)
13.5.6.2 Biological Control
479(1)
13.5.6.3 Cultural Control
479(1)
13.6 Downy Mildew on Grapes
479(5)
13.6.1 Causal Organism
479(1)
13.6.2 Symptoms
479(1)
13.6.3 Cause and Disease Development
480(1)
13.6.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
481(1)
13.6.5 Management
482(2)
13.7 Powdery Mildew
484(6)
13.7.1 Causal Organism
485(2)
13.7.2 Symptoms
485
13.7.3 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
487(1)
13.7.4 Management
488(1)
13.7.5 Control
488(2)
13.8 Bacterial Blight (Bacterial Nerosis)
490(5)
13.8.1 Causal Organism
490(3)
13.8.2 Symptoms
493(1)
13.8.3 Cause and Disease Development
494(1)
13.8.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
494(1)
13.8.4.1 Dispersal
494(1)
13.8.4.2 Survival
494(1)
13.8.5 Disease Cycle
494(1)
13.8.6 Management
495(1)
13.8.6.1 Chemical Control
495(1)
13.8.6.2 Cultural Control
495(1)
13.9 Crown Gall of Grape
495(4)
13.9.1 Causal Organism
496(1)
13.9.2 Symptoms
496(1)
13.9.3 Cause and Disease Development
497(1)
13.9.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
497(1)
13.9.5 Disease Cycle
498(1)
13.9.6 Management
498(1)
13.9.6.1 Chemical Control
498(1)
13.9.6.2 Biological Control
498(1)
13.9.6.3 Cultural Control
498(1)
13.10 Eutypa dieback
499(3)
13.10.1 Causal Organism
499(1)
13.10.2 Symptoms
499(1)
13.10.2.1 Shoot-Leaves Symptom
499(1)
13.10.2.2 Wood Symptom
499(1)
13.10.3 Cause and Disease Development
500(1)
13.10.4 Disease Cycle
501(1)
13.10.5 Management
501(1)
13.10.5.1 Chemical Control
501(1)
13.10.5.2 Biological Control
501(1)
13.10.5.3 Cultural Control
502(1)
13.11 Grape Leaf Roll Disease
502(4)
13.11.1 Causal Organism
502(1)
13.11.2 Symptoms
503(1)
13.11.3 Cause and Disease Development
504(1)
13.11.4 Management
504(1)
13.11.4.1 Chemical (Vector) Control
505(1)
13.11.4.2 Biological and Cultural Control
505(1)
13.12 Grapevine Fan Leaf Disease
506(3)
13.12.1 Causal Organism
506(1)
13.12.2 Symptoms
507(1)
13.12.3 Cause and Disease Development
507(1)
13.12.3.1 Favorable Conditions
508(1)
13.12.4 Management
509(1)
13.12.4.1 Chemical Control
509(1)
13.12.4.2 Cultural Control
509(1)
13.13 Pierce's Disease
509(6)
13.13.1 Causal Organism
510(1)
13.13.2 Symptoms
510(1)
13.13.3 Cause, Favorable Conditions, and Disease Development
511(2)
13.13.4 Disease Cycle
513(1)
13.13.5 Management
513(1)
13.13.5.1 Chemical Control
514(1)
13.13.5.2 Cultural Control
514(1)
13.13.5.3 Vector Management
514(1)
13.14 Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot
515(5)
13.14.1 Causal Organism
515(1)
13.14.2 Symptoms
515(1)
13.14.2.1 Leaves
516(1)
13.14.2.2 Fruit
516(1)
13.14.2.3 Green Shoots
517(1)
13.14.2.4 Canes
517(1)
13.14.3 Cause and Disease Development
518(1)
13.14.4 Favorable Conditions
518(1)
13.14.5 Disease Cycle
519(1)
13.14.6 Management
519(1)
13.14.6.1 Chemical Control
519(1)
13.14.6.2 Cultural Control
520(1)
13.15 Rugose Wood of Grapevines
520(3)
13.15.1 Causal Organism
521(1)
13.15.2 Symptoms
521(1)
13.15.2.1 Wood
521(1)
13.15.2.2 Vine Growth
522(1)
13.15.2.3 Foliage
522(1)
13.15.2.4 Fruit
522(1)
13.15.3 Cause and Disease Development
522(1)
13.15.3.1 Virus Movement and Disease Development
522(1)
13.15.4 Management
523(1)
References
523(2)
Chapter 14 Sugarcane
525(32)
14.1 Red Rot of Sugarcane
525(8)
14.1.1 Causal Organism
525(2)
14.1.2 Symptoms
527(2)
14.1.2.1 Stalk Symptoms
529(1)
14.1.2.2 Leaf Symptoms
529(1)
14.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
529(1)
14.1.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
529(1)
14.1.5 Disease Cycle
530(1)
14.1.6 Management
530(2)
14.1.6.1 Chemical Control
532(1)
14.1.6.2 Biological Control
532(1)
14.1.7 Control
532(1)
14.2 Wilt on Sugarcane
533(4)
14.2.1 Causal Organism
533(1)
14.2.2 Symptoms
533(1)
14.2.3 Cause and Disease Development
533(1)
14.2.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
533(3)
14.2.5 Disease Cycle
536(1)
14.2.6 Management and Control
536(1)
14.3 Smut Disease of Sugarcane
537(6)
14.3.1 Casual Organism
537(2)
14.3.2 Symptoms
539(1)
14.3.3 Cause of Disease and Development
539(1)
14.3.4 Favorable Conditions for Disease Development
539(1)
14.3.5 Disease Cycle
540(2)
14.3.6 Management
542(1)
14.3.7 Control
543(1)
14.4 Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease (SCGS)
543(2)
14.4.1 Causal Organism
544(1)
14.4.2 Symptoms
544(1)
14.4.3 Cause of Disease and Development
544(1)
14.4.4 Favorable Conditions for Disease Development
544(1)
14.4.5 Disease Cycle
545(1)
14.4.6 Control
545(1)
14.5 Yellow Leaf Virus of Sugarcane
545(1)
14.5.1 Casual Organism
546(1)
14.5.2 Symptoms
546(1)
14.5.3 Cause of Disease and Development
546(1)
14.5 A Favorable Conditions for Disease Development
546(3)
14.5.5 Disease Cycle
548(1)
14.5.6 Management and Control
549(1)
14.6 Banded Disease
549(1)
14.6.1 Symptoms
549(1)
14.6.2 Control Measures
550(1)
14.7 Gummosis or Gumming Disease
550(1)
14.7.1 Symptoms
550(1)
14.7.2 Disease Cycle
551(1)
14.7.3 Control
551(1)
14.8 Root Knot Nematode
551(2)
14.8.1 Symptoms
552(1)
14.8.2 Disease Cycle
552(1)
14.8.3 Control
552(1)
14.9 Eye Spot in Sugarcane
553(1)
14.9.1 Symptoms
553(1)
14.10 Red Stripe
553(2)
14.10.1 Symptoms
554(1)
14.10.2 Disease Cycle
554(1)
14.10.3 Control
554(1)
References
555(2)
Chapter 15 Guava
557(14)
15.1 Anthracnose of Guava
557(3)
15.1.1 Causal Organism
557(1)
15.1.2 Symptoms
557(1)
15.1.3 Cause and Disease Development
558(2)
15.1.4 Favorable Conditions of Disease Development
560(1)
15.1.5 Disease Cycle
560(1)
15.1.6 Management
560(1)
15.1.7 Control
560(1)
15.2 Canker [ Pestalotia Psidii Pat.]
560(1)
15.2.1 Symptoms
560(1)
15.2.2 Mode of Spread and Reason for Severity
561(1)
15.2.3 Management
561(1)
15.3 Algal leaf and Fruit Spot
561(1)
15.3.1 Symptoms
561(1)
15.3.2 Management
561(1)
15.4 Cercospora Leaf Spot
562(1)
15.4.1 Symptoms
562(1)
15.4.2 Management
562(1)
15.5 Sooty Mold
562(1)
15.5.1 Symptoms
562(1)
15.5.2 Management
563(1)
15.6 Damping Off of Seedlings
563(1)
15.6.1 Symptoms
563(1)
15.6.2 Management
563(1)
15.7 Phytophthora Fruit Rot
564(1)
15.7.1 Symptoms
564(1)
15.7.2 Mode of Spread
564(1)
15.7.3 Reason for Severity
565(1)
15.7.4 Management
565(1)
15.8 Stylar End Rot
565(1)
15.8.1 Symptoms
565(1)
15.8.2 Management
566(1)
15.9 Soft Watery Rot
566(1)
15.9.1 Symptoms
566(1)
15.9.2 Management
566(1)
15.10 Botryosphaeria Rot
567(1)
15.10.1 Symptoms
567(1)
15.10.2 Management
567(1)
15.11 Hyaloderma Leaf Spot
567(1)
15.11.1 Symptoms
567(1)
15.11.2 Management
568(1)
15.12 Parasites
568(1)
15.12.1 Symptoms
568(1)
15.12.2 Management
569(1)
References
569(2)
Index 571
Mr. Balaji A. Aglave was born in Yermala, Maharashtra, India. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree in Agricultural Sciences, 2002 and Master of Science degree in Agricultural Biotechnology, 2004 from Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani Maharashtra (India). His Ph.D. was in Biotechnology with specialization in Plant Pathology and he obtained the degree from Government Institute of Science, Aurangabad, Maharashtra (India) in 2009. After completing his masters education, Mr. Aglave worked for National Research Center for Citrus, Nagpur M.S. India as a Senior Research Fellow. As a Senior Research Fellow, his areas of study were molecular and serological diagnosis of citrus viruses, diagnosis and characterization of major citrus viruses, development of non-radioactive probes and diagnostic kits for plant virus detection. In 2005, he was hired as the Head of the Department of Biotechnology by H.P.T.Arts and RYK Science College, Nashik, M.S. India (University of Pune). He worked as Head of the Department for 4years after which, in 2010, he was hired by Florida Ag Research as a Scientist and Lab Director for Division of Plant Pathology and Nematology at East Coast research station of Pacific Ag Research, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. In addition to his Ph.D., he mastered the area of plant nematology by completing Plant Parasitic Nematode Identification course at Clemson University. Dr. Aglave is an expert in plant diseases and common plant parasites, and his insights in these topics are invaluable to the field. Presently, his work as Scientist and Lab Director aims at developing innovative technologies to improve crop production and environmental quality, testing product effectiveness against nematodes and diseases, studying crop/fruit rot and decay, soil fumigation studies, etc.









Dr. Aglave has published two books, viz. "Biotechnology Review", A&A Publisher, Tampa, Fl, USA, in 2012 and "Techniques in Chemistry, biophysics and Instrumentation", Shanti Prakashan, Delhi, India, in 2011. From 2012, he has been working as an active member of various well reputed committees like the Industry Committee, Nematology Committee and Soil Microbiology and Root Disease committee of American Phytopathology Society. He has acted as the Chairman of Board of studies in Biotechnology subcommittee in Applied Biotechnology, University of Pune, India and Chairman of Board of studies in Microbiology subcommittee in Applied Wine Technology, University of Pune, India. He is currently working as a Editorial Board Member of Advances in Plants and Agriculture Research, African Journal of Food Science and as a Reviewer for several journals in Agriculture sciences. He has 20 years of academic, research and industry experience in field of plant pathology and nematology.









From 2008 to present, Mr. Aglave has conducted multiple Conferences and Workshops covering diverse areas of Biotechnology like Techniques in Molecular Biology, Techniques in Genetic Engineering, Trends in Biotechnology, etc. He delivered more than fifty seminars and plenary lectures in various scientific meetings and at various institute in India and USA. His research work is also published in over 100 journal research articles, review articles and abstracts. Also, he holds numerous internationally published research abstracts and technical summaries completed on topics such as disease and insect management. Currently, Mr. Aglave is continuing his research work on Biotechnology at Florida Ag Research, Florida, USA.
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