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E-raamat: Harmonization of Approaches to Nutrient Reference Values: Applications to Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age

  • Formaat: 174 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Aug-2018
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309477727
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  • Formaat: 174 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Aug-2018
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309477727

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Recommended intake levels for nutrients and other dietary components were designed initially to prevent nutrient deficiency diseases in a given population, and the original methodological approach used to derive intake values did not include consideration for other applications. However, with the increasing globalization of information and the identification of a variety of factors specific to different population subgroups (e.g., young children and women of reproductive age) that influence their nutritional needs, there has been increasing recognition of the need to consider methodological approaches to deriving nutrient reference values (NRVs) that are applicable across countries and that take into account the varying needs of different population subgroups.





There is a need for guidance and recommendations about methodological approaches, as well as their potential for application to an international process for the development of NRVs, and particularly for young children and women of reproductive age. Harmonization of Approaches to Nutrient Reference Values: Applications to Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age examines these issues and makes recommendations for a unified approach to developing NRVs that would be acceptable globally.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction and Problem Statement 2 Conceptual Foundations of Nutrient Reference Value Development 3 A Harmonized Process for Nutrient Reference Value Development 4 Applying Methodological Approaches to Nutrient Reference Values for Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age: An Assessment of Exemplar Nutrients 5 Future Directions and Data Gaps Appendix A: Glossary Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: AGREE II Instrument Appendix D: Tools and Methods to Evaluate the Risk of Bias in Individual Studies Appendix E: Scaling Methods to Extrapolate from Reference Values of One Age Group to Another Appendix F: European Food Safety Authority's Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for Protein: Growth Factors for Children Age 6 Months to 17 Years Appendix G: Committee Member Biographies
Acronyms and Abbreviations xv
Summary 1(14)
1 Introduction and Problem Statement
15(6)
Background for the Study
15(2)
The Committee's Task
17(1)
The Study Process
18(1)
Organization of the Report
19(1)
References
19(2)
2 Conceptual Foundations of Nutrient Reference Value Development
21(20)
Background
21(2)
Nutrient Reference Values
23(5)
Guiding Principles in Setting Nutrient Reference Values
28(8)
Conclusion and Recommendation
36(1)
References
37(4)
3 A Harmonized Process For Nutrient Reference Value Development
41(32)
Key Steps in the Process for Deriving Nutrient Reference Values
42(20)
Other Uncertainties to Consider When Estimating a UL
62(3)
A Framework for Deriving Nutrient Reference Values
65(1)
Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendation
66(3)
Chapter Summary
69(1)
References
69(4)
4 Applying Methodological Approaches to Nutrient Reference Values For Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age: An Assessment of Exemplar Nutrients
73(48)
Harmonizing the Process for Nutrient Reference Values Using Exemplar Nutrients
74(2)
Zinc Case Analysis
76(14)
Findings and Conclusions for Zinc
90(2)
Proposed Solutions for Zinc
92(1)
Iron Case Analysis
92(9)
Findings and Conclusions for Iron
101(2)
Proposed Solutions for Iron
103(1)
Folate Case Analysis
103(8)
Findings and Conclusions for Folate
111(2)
Proposed Solutions for Folate
113(1)
Overall Conclusion
114(1)
Applications of Nutrient Reference Values in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
114(1)
References
115(6)
5 Future Directions and Data Gaps
121(6)
Advantages of Harmonizing Methodologies to Derive Nutrient Reference Values
122(1)
Steps Required to Encourage Commitment to the Guidelines
122(2)
Moving Forward Toward Harmonization
124(2)
References
126(1)
APPENDIXES
A Glossary
127(4)
B Workshop Agenda
131(6)
C AGREE II Instrument
137(4)
D Tools and Methods to Evaluate the Risk of Bias in Individual Studies
141(2)
E Scaling Methods to Extrapolate from Reference Values of One Age Group to Another
143(4)
F European Food Safety Authority's Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for Protein: Growth Factors for Children Age 6 Months to 17 Years
147(4)
G Committee Member Biographies
151