Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

E-raamat: Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling During Drying: Empirical to Multiscale Approaches

, , (Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia)
  • Formaat: 220 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429865527
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
  • Hind: 89,69 €*
  • * hind on lõplik, st. muud allahindlused enam ei rakendu
  • Lisa ostukorvi
  • Lisa soovinimekirja
  • See e-raamat on mõeldud ainult isiklikuks kasutamiseks. E-raamatuid ei saa tagastada.
Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling During Drying: Empirical to Multiscale ApproachesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 220 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429865527
Teised raamatud teemal:

DRM piirangud

  • Kopeerimine (copy/paste):

    ei ole lubatud

  • Printimine:

    ei ole lubatud

  • Kasutamine:

    Digitaalõiguste kaitse (DRM)
    Kirjastus on väljastanud selle e-raamatu krüpteeritud kujul, mis tähendab, et selle lugemiseks peate installeerima spetsiaalse tarkvara. Samuti peate looma endale  Adobe ID Rohkem infot siin. E-raamatut saab lugeda 1 kasutaja ning alla laadida kuni 6'de seadmesse (kõik autoriseeritud sama Adobe ID-ga).

    Vajalik tarkvara
    Mobiilsetes seadmetes (telefon või tahvelarvuti) lugemiseks peate installeerima selle tasuta rakenduse: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    PC või Mac seadmes lugemiseks peate installima Adobe Digital Editionsi (Seeon tasuta rakendus spetsiaalselt e-raamatute lugemiseks. Seda ei tohi segamini ajada Adober Reader'iga, mis tõenäoliselt on juba teie arvutisse installeeritud )

    Seda e-raamatut ei saa lugeda Amazon Kindle's. 

"Most of the conventional dryer uses random heating to dry diverse materials without considering their thermal sensitivity and energy requirement for drying. Eventually, excess energy consumption is required along with attaining low quality dried product. Proper heat and mass transfer modeling prior to designing drying system for selected food materials can overcome these problems. Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling During Drying: Empirical to Multiscale Approaches extensively discusses the issue of prediction of energy consumption in terms of heat and mass transfer simulation. A comprehensive mathematical model can help to get proper insight of the underlying transport phenomena within the materials during drying. However, drying of porous materials like food is one of the most complex problems in the engineering field that also has multiscale nature. In modelling perspective, heat and mass transfer phenomena can be predicted using empirical to multiscale modelling. However, multiscale simulation method can provide comprehensive insight of underlying physics of drying of food materials. The objective of this book is to discuss the implementation of different modelling technique ranging empirical to multiscale in order to understand heat and mass transfer phenomena that take into place during drying of porous materials including food, pharmaceutical products, paper, lather, and more"--

Most of the conventional dryer uses random heating to dry diverse materials without considering their thermal sensitivity and energy requirement for drying. Eventually, excess energy consumption is required along with attaining low quality dried product. Proper heat and mass transfer modeling prior to designing drying system for selected food materials can overcome these problems. Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling During Drying: Empirical to Multiscale Approaches extensively discusses the issue of prediction of energy consumption in terms of heat and mass transfer simulation.

A comprehensive mathematical model can help to get proper insight of the underlying transport phenomena within the materials during drying. However, drying of porous materials like food is one of the most complex problems in the engineering field that also has multiscale nature. In modelling perspective, heat and mass transfer phenomena can be predicted using empirical to multiscale modelling. However, multiscale simulation method can provide comprehensive insight of underlying physics of drying of food materials.

Key Features:

  • Includes detailed discussion on material properties that are relevant for drying phenomena

  • Presents in-depth discussion on underlying physics of drying using conceptual visual contents

  • Provides appropriate formulation of mathematical modelling from empirical to multi-scale approaches

  • Offers numerical solution approaches of mathematical models

  • Presents possible challenges of different modelling strategies and potential solutions

The objective of this book is to discuss the implementation of different modelling technique ranging empirical to multiscale in order to understand heat and mass transfer phenomena that take into place during drying of porous materials including food, pharmaceutical products, paper, lather, and more.



In food drying, simultaneous heat and mass transfer phenomena take place, and in order to design energy efficient dryers and higher quality dried foods, effective modelling is critical. This book covers different modelling techniques ranging from empirical to multiscale in order to understand heat and mass transfer phenomena that occur in drying.

Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Authors xix
Chapter 1 Introduction to Drying 1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Materials and Their Characteristics
1(3)
1.2.1 Porosity
2(1)
1.2.2 Water-Holding Properties
3(1)
1.2.3 Structural Homogeneity
4(1)
1.3 Common Drying Materials
4(7)
1.3.1 Food
4(3)
1.3.1.1 Fruits and Vegetables
6(1)
1.3.1.2 Grains
6(1)
1.3.1.3 Leaf and Spices
6(1)
1.3.1.4 Fish and Meat
7(1)
1.3.1.5 Dairy
7(1)
1.3.2 Timber
7(1)
1.3.3 Fabrics
8(1)
1.3.4 Pulp and Paper
8(1)
1.3.5 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products
9(1)
1.3.6 Leather
9(1)
1.3.7 Bricks and Ceramics
10(1)
1.3.8 Coal
10(1)
1.4 Drying Phenomena and Methods
11(4)
1.4.1 Common Drying Methods
12(2)
1.4.1.1 Convective Drying
12(1)
1.4.1.2 Microwave Drying
13(1)
1.4.1.3 Infrared Drying
13(1)
1.4.1.4 Vacuum Drying
13(1)
1.4.1.5 Freeze Drying
14(1)
1.4.1.6 Spray Drying
14(1)
1.4.2 Drying Conditions
14(1)
References
15(4)
Chapter 2 The Physics in Drying 19(30)
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Mass Transfer
20(9)
2.2.1 Mass Transfer-related Terminologies
24(3)
2.2.1.1 Moisture Content
24(1)
2.2.1.2 Water Concentration
24(1)
2.2.1.3 Critical Moisture Content
24(1)
2.2.1.4 Equilibrium Moisture Content
25(1)
2.2.1.5 Moisture Sorption Isotherm
25(1)
2.2.1.6 Monolayer Moisture Content (MMC)
25(1)
2.2.1.7 Phases of Water
25(1)
2.2.1.8 Water Potential
26(1)
2.2.1.9 Water Activity
27(1)
2.2.2 Types of Water
27(2)
2.2.2.1 Free Water
27(1)
2.2.2.2 Bound Water
28(1)
2.2.2.3 Spatial Distribution of Water
28(1)
2.3 Heat Transfer Phenomena During Drying
29(9)
2.3.1 Conduction Heat Transfer
30(4)
2.3.1.1 Steady Conduction
31(1)
2.3.1.2 Lump System
32(1)
2.3.1.3 Transient Heat Conduction
32(2)
2.3.2 Convection Heat Transfer
34(1)
2.3.3 Radiation Heat Transfer
35(3)
2.3.3.1 Grey Body Heat Radiation
37(1)
2.4 Mass Transfer Basics
38(5)
2.4.1 Diffusion
38(4)
2.4.1.1 Transient Mass Diffusion
41(1)
2.4.2 Mass Convection
42(1)
2.5 Fluid Flow
43(3)
References
46(3)
Chapter 3 Governing Equations and Material Properties 49(24)
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 Heat and Mass Transfer During Different Types of Drying
49(8)
3.2.1 Convective Drying
50(1)
3.2.2 Vacuum Drying
51(2)
3.2.3 Drum Drying
53(1)
3.2.4 Freeze Drying
53(1)
3.2.5 Spray Drying Process
54(1)
3.2.6 Microwave Drying
54(2)
3.2.6.1 Maxwell's Equation for Electromagnetics
55(1)
3.2.6.2 Lambert's Law
56(1)
3.2.7 Infrared Drying
56(1)
3.2.8 Combined or Assisted Drying
56(1)
3.2.8.1 Continuous
57(1)
3.2.8.2 Intermittent
57(1)
3.3 Boundary Conditions
57(5)
3.3.1 Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
58(3)
3.3.2 Mass Transfer Boundary Conditions
61(1)
3.4 Thermo-Physical and Transport Properties
62(7)
3.4.1 Density
62(1)
3.4.2 Porosity
62(1)
3.4.3 Specific Heat Capacity
63(1)
3.4.4 Thermal Conductivity
64(1)
3.4.5 Emissivity
65(1)
3.4.6 Dielectric Properties
66(1)
3.4.7 Effective Moisture Diffusivity
66(3)
References
69(4)
Chapter 4 Numerical Model Formulation and Solution Approaches 73(14)
4.1 Introduction
73(1)
4.2 Types of Mathematical Modelling of Drying
74(4)
4.2.1 Empirical Modelling
75(1)
4.2.2 Single-Phase Modelling
76(1)
4.2.3 Multiphase Modelling
76(1)
4.2.4 Micro-Scale Modelling
76(1)
4.2.5 Conjugated Drying Models
77(1)
4.2.6 Drying Model Considering Deformation
77(1)
4.2.7 Multiscale Modelling
78(1)
4.3 Solution Methods
78(3)
4.3.1 Finite Element Method (FEM)
78(2)
4.3.2 Finite Volume Method (FVM)
80(1)
4.3.3 Finite Difference Method (FDM)
80(1)
4.3.4 Discrete Element Methods (DEM)
80(1)
4.4 Computational Platforms and Validation
81(3)
4.4.1 User-Developed Code
81(1)
4.4.2 Computational Software
81(2)
4.4.3 Validation of the Models
83(1)
References
84(3)
Chapter 5 Empirical Modelling of Drying 87(18)
5.1 Introduction
87(1)
5.2 Regression Analysis
87(2)
5.2.1 Simple Linear Regression
87(1)
5.2.2 Multiple Linear Regression
88(1)
5.2.3 Non-Linear Regression
88(1)
5.3 Empirical Modelling for the Drying Process
89(5)
5.3.1 Important Considerations of the Empirical Model
89(1)
5.3.2 Drying Kinetics Models
90(2)
5.3.3 Empirical Models
92(2)
5.3.4 Semi-Empirical Models
94(3)
5.3.4.1 Models Derived from Newton's Law of Cooling
94(1)
5.3.4.2 Fick's Law Based Semi-Empirical Models
94(1)
5.4 Quality Kinetics Model
94(3)
5.5 Validation and Interpreting Regression Models Output
97(3)
5.5.1 Regression Coefficients
97(9)
5.5.1.1 P-Value
98(1)
5.5.1.2 Chi-Square (x2)
98(1)
5.5.1.3 R-Squared
98(1)
5.5.1.4 Standard Deviation (SD)
99(1)
5.5.1.5 Sum Square Error (SSE)
99(1)
5.5.1.6 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)
99(1)
5.6 Limitations
100(1)
References
100(5)
Chapter 6 Single-Phase Diffusion Model 105(16)
6.1 Introduction
105(1)
6.2 Model Development
106(3)
6.2.1 Geometry and Meshing
106(1)
6.2.1.1 Meshing Grid Dependency
106(1)
6.2.2 Assumptions
107(1)
6.2.3 Governing Equations
107(1)
6.2.3.1 Heat Transfer
108(1)
6.2.3.2 Mass Transfer
108(1)
6.2.4 Initial and Boundary Conditions
108(1)
6.2.4.1 Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions
109(1)
6.2.4.2 Mass Transfer Boundary Condition
109(1)
6.3 Input Parameters
109(6)
6.3.1 Equilibrium Vapour Pressure
111(1)
6.3.2 Effective Moisture Diffusivity
111(1)
6.3.3 Temperature-Dependent Effective Diffusivity Calculation
112(1)
6.3.4 Moisture-Dependent Effective Diffusivity
113(1)
6.3.5 Average Effective Moisture Diffusivity
113(1)
6.3.6 Heat and Mass Transfer Coefficient Calculation
114(1)
6.3.7 Computation
114(1)
6.4 Typical Simulation Results
115(3)
6.4.1 Effective Moisture Diffusivity
115(1)
6.4.2 Average Moisture Content
115(2)
6.4.3 Temperature Evolution
117(1)
References
118(3)
Chapter 7 Multiphase Porous Materials Modeling 121(20)
7.1 Introduction
121(1)
7.1.1 Porosity
121(1)
7.1.2 Tortuosity
121(1)
7.1.3 Hygroscopic
122(1)
7.2 Feature of Multiphase Drying Model
122(2)
7.2.1 Meaning of Multiphase
122(1)
7.2.2 Representative Elementary Volume
123(1)
7.2.3 Driving Forces of Mass Transfer
123(1)
7.2.4 Assumptions
124(1)
7.3 Governing Equations
124(5)
7.3.1 Conservation of Mass
124(3)
7.3.1.1 Mass Conservation of Liquid Water
125(1)
7.3.1.2 Mass Conservation of Water Vapour
126(1)
7.3.1.3 Mass Fraction of Air
127(1)
7.3.2 Continuity Equation to Solve for Pressure
127(1)
7.3.3 Energy Equation
128(1)
7.3.4 Initial and Boundary Conditions
128(1)
7.3.4.1 Initial Conditions
128(1)
7.3.4.2 Boundary Condition
128(1)
7.4 Input Parameters
129(5)
7.4.1 Thermo-Physical Properties
129(2)
7.4.2 Porous Structure-Related Properties
131(2)
7.4.2.1 Porosity
131(1)
7.4.2.2 Permeability
131(1)
7.4.2.3 Capillary Diffusivity of Liquid Water
132(1)
7.4.3 Gas-Related Properties
133(1)
7.4.3.1 The Viscosity of Water and Gas
133(1)
7.4.3.2 Effective Gas Diffusivity
133(1)
7.4.4 Drying Air Condition (Relative Humidity)
134(1)
7.5 Typical Simulation Results
134(3)
7.5.1 Average Moisture Content
134(1)
7.5.2 Liquid and Gas Saturation
135(1)
7.5.3 Temperature Evolution and Distribution
135(1)
7.5.4 Evaporation Rate and Vapour Pressure
136(1)
7.6 Challenges and Possible Simplifications
137(1)
7.6.1 Challenges
137(1)
7.6.1.1 Shrinkage
137(1)
7.6.1.2 Properties of Porous Material
137(1)
7.6.2 Simplification
138(1)
References
138(3)
Chapter 8 Micro-Scale Drying Model 141(14)
8.1 Introduction
141(4)
8.1.1 Defining Micro-Scale
142(1)
8.1.2 Micro-Scale Domain
142(1)
8.1.3 Transport Phenomena at the Micro-Scale
143(1)
8.1.4 Micro-Scale Modelling Approaches
144(1)
8.1.4.1 Discrete Models
145(1)
8.1.4.2 Continuum Models
145(1)
8.2 FEM Approach of Micro-Scale Modelling
145(4)
8.2.1 Governing Equation
146(1)
8.2.2 Initial and Boundary Conditions
146(1)
8.2.3 Input Parameters
147(2)
8.3 Typical Results and Discussion
149(1)
8.3.1 Temperature Distribution
149(1)
8.3.2 Moisture Distribution
150(1)
8.4 Challenges in Micro-Scale Modelling
150(2)
8.4.1 Domain Development
151(1)
8.4.2 Boundary Conditions
151(1)
8.4.3 Unavailability of Micro-Level Properties
151(1)
8.4.4 Too Much Information
151(1)
8.4.5 Higher Computational Cost
151(1)
References
152(3)
Chapter 9 CFD Modelling of Drying Phenomena 155(12)
9.1 Introduction
155(3)
9.1.1 Fluid Flow in the Drying
155(1)
9.1.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics
156(2)
9.1.3 Conjugate Drying Model
158(1)
9.1.4 Assumptions
158(1)
9.2 CFD-Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Model
158(4)
9.2.1 Governing Equations
159(2)
9.2.1.1 Turbulent Model
160(1)
9.2.2 Boundary Conditions
161(1)
9.2.3 Input Parameters
162(1)
9.3 Typical Results and Discussion
162(3)
9.3.1 Temperature Distribution
162(1)
9.3.2 Liquid Water Content
163(1)
9.3.3 Relative Humidity
163(1)
9.3.4 Air Velocity
164(1)
References
165(2)
Chapter 10 Modelling of Deformation During Drying 167(16)
10.1 Introduction
167(1)
10.2 Factors Associated with Deformation during Drying
168(2)
10.2.1 Water Migration and Distribution
168(1)
10.2.2 Structural Mobility
169(1)
10.2.3 Phase Transition (Multiphase)
170(1)
10.3 Mathematical Models for Deformation
170(7)
10.3.1 Empirical Models
171(2)
10.3.2 Semi-Theoretical Models
173(2)
10.3.3 Theoretical Models
175(2)
10.4 Challenges
177(2)
10.4.1 Moisture Dependent on Internal Stress
177(1)
10.4.2 Appropriate Material Model
177(1)
10.4.3 Real-Time Mechanical Properties
178(1)
10.4.4 Coupling of Deformation and Transport Phenomena
178(1)
10.4.5 Multiscale Nature of Deformation
179(1)
References
179(4)
Chapter 11 Multiscale Drying Modelling Approaches 183(14)
11.1 Introduction
183(4)
11.1.1 The Hierarchical Structure of Materials
183(2)
11.1.2 Structure-Properties-Drying Kinetics Relationship
185(1)
11.1.3 Imaging: Structure and Properties Quantification
186(1)
11.2 Modelling at a Different Scale
187(2)
11.2.1 Atomic Scale Simulation
188(1)
11.2.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
188(1)
11.2.2.1 Monte Carlo Methods
189(1)
11.2.2.2 Coarse-Grained Models
189(1)
11.2.2.3 Lattice-Boltzmann Method
189(1)
11.3 Multiscale Modelling Approaches: Bridging between Scales
189(3)
11.3.1 Problem Formulation
190(2)
11.3.1.1 Concurrent Approach
190(1)
11.3.1.2 Hierarchical Approach
191(1)
11.3.1.3 Hybrid Multiscale Modelling
191(1)
11.3.2 Solution Approach
192(1)
11.4 Challenges in Current Multiscale Paradigms
192(1)
11.5 Prospects: Multiscale Modelling-Artificial Intelligence Integration
193(1)
References
194(3)
Index 197
Dr. Mohammad U. H. Joardder received his BSc in Mechanical Engineering from Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET), and PhD from QUT, Australia. He is now serving as a faculty member in Mechanical Engineering of RUET. His research interests include bio-transport, Innovative food drying, modelling of novel food processing, food microstructure, as well as Renewable energy. Moreover, his research focuses on applying state-of-the-art computational methods to Multiphysics- Multiscale transport phenomena, and deformation of porous biomaterials. He authored three popular books with the springer-nature publication, three books chapter and more than 40 peer-reviewed journal publications. Most of his journal articles are in highly ranked journals and have been well cited. He is a regular reviewer of several high ranked journals of prominent publishers including Nature, Springer, Elsevier, Willey, and Taylor and Francis.

Md. Washim Akram has completed his B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Bangladesh. He is a Faculty Member in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST), Saidpur, Bangladesh. He has published several Journal and Conference papers. His research interest includes drying technology, waste management and energy conversion technology, energy harvesting from renewable sources, and composite materials.

Dr Azharul Karim is currently working as an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Discipline, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Australia. He received his PhD degree from Melbourne University in 2007. Through his scholarly, innovative, high quality research, he has established a national and international standing. Dr Karim has authored over 194 peer-reviewed articles, including 94 high quality journal papers, 13 peer-reviewed book chapters, and four books. His papers have attracted about 3100 citations with h-index 30. His research has very high impact worldwide as demonstrated by his overall field weighted citation index (FWCI) of 2.99. He is editor/board member of six reputed journals including Drying Technology and Nature Scientific Reports and supervisor of 26 past and current PhD students. He has been keynote/distinguished speaker at scores of international conferences and invited/keynote speaker in seminars in many reputed universities worldwide. He has won multiple international awards for his outstanding contributions in multidisciplinary fields. His research is directed towards solving acute food industry problems by advanced multiscale and multiphase food drying models of cellular water using theoretical/computational and experimental methodologies. Due to the multidisciplinary framework of food drying models, his research spans engineering, mathematics, biology, physics and chemistry. To address this multidisciplinary challenge, he established the Energy and Drying Research Group consisting of academics and researchers across disciplines.
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/97804298655276e.html
Märksõnad: