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E-raamat: High Enthalpy Gas Dynamics

(Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Dec-2014
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118821909
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High Enthalpy Gas DynamicsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Dec-2014
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118821909
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This is an introductory level textbook which explains the elements of high temperature and high-speed gas dynamics.

written in a clear and easy to follow style, the author covers all the latest developments in the field including basic thermodynamic principles, compressible flow regimes and waves propagation in one volume covers theoretical modeling of High Enthalpy Flows, with particular focus on problems in internal and external gas-dynamic flows, of interest in the fields of rockets propulsion and hypersonic aerodynamics High enthalpy gas dynamics is a compulsory course for aerospace engineering students and this book is a result of over 25 years' teaching by the author accompanying website includes a Solutions Manual for exercises listed at the end of each chapter, plus lecture slides

Arvustused

From the above discussion, it is understood that the book has covered a large number of topics on high Mach number and high temper­ature flows. Also, the descriptive and lucid approach adapted in writing makes the reader comfortable in grasping the subject. It is strongly recommended to all who are working in the area of high enthalpy flows.  (The Aeronautical Journal, 1 June 2015)

About the Author xiii
Preface xv
1 Basic Facts 1(26)
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.1.1 Enthalpy
1(2)
1.2 Enthalpy versus Internal Energy
3(2)
1.2.1 Enthalpy and Heat
4(1)
1.3 Gas Dynamics of Perfect Gases
5(1)
1.4 Compressible Flow
6(1)
1.5 Compressibility
7(4)
1.5.1 Limiting Conditions for Compressibility
8(3)
1.6 Supersonic Flow
11(1)
1.7 Speed of Sound
11(4)
1.8 Temperature Rise
15(2)
1.9 Mach Angle
17(2)
1.9.1 Small Disturbance
19(1)
1.9.2 Finite Disturbance
19(1)
1.10 Summary
19(6)
Exercise Problems
25(1)
References
25(2)
2 Thermodynamics of Fluid Flow 27(38)
2.1 Introduction
27(1)
2.2 First Law of Thermodynamics
28(4)
2.2.1 Energy Equation for an Open System
29(2)
2.2.2 Adiabatic Flow Process
31(1)
2.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy Equation)
32(1)
2.4 Thermal and Calorical Properties
33(2)
2.4.1 Thermally Perfect Gas
34(1)
2.5 The Perfect Gas
35(24)
2.5.1 Entropy Calculation
36(3)
2.5.2 Isentropic Relations
39(7)
2.5.3 Limitations on Air as a Perfect Gas
46(13)
2.6 Summary
59(3)
Exercise Problems
62(2)
References
64(1)
3 Wave Propagation 65(14)
3.1 Introduction
65(1)
3.2 Velocity of Sound
66(1)
3.3 Subsonic and Supersonic Flows
66(4)
3.4 Similarity Parameters
70(1)
3.5 Continuum Hypothesis
71(2)
3.6 Compressible Flow Regimes
73(2)
3.7 Summary
75(1)
Exercise Problems
76(1)
References
77(2)
4 High-Temperature Flows 79(116)
4.1 Introduction
79(2)
4.2 Importance of High-Enthalpy Flows
81(2)
4.3 Nature of High-Enthalpy Flows
83(1)
4.4 Most Probable Macrostate
83(2)
4.5 Counting the Number of Microstates for a given Macrostate
85(9)
4.5.1 Bose—Einstein Statistics
86(1)
4.5.2 Fermi—Dirac Statistics
87(1)
4.5.3 The Most Probable Macrostate
87(5)
4.5.4 The Limiting Case: Boltzmann's Distribution
92(2)
4.6 Evaluation of Thermodynamic Properties
94(5)
4.6.1 Internal Energy E
95(4)
4.7 Evaluation of Partition Function in terms of T and V
99(4)
4.8 High-Temperature Thermodynamic Properties of a Single-Species Gas
103(5)
4.9 Equilibrium Properties of High-Temperature Air
108(1)
4.10 Kinetic Theory of Gases
108(3)
4.11 Collision Frequency and Mean Free Path
111(4)
4.11.1 Variation of Z and 2 with λ and T of the Gas
114(1)
4.12 Velocity and Speed Distribution Functions
115(6)
4.13 Inviscid High-Temperature Equilibrium Flows
121(1)
4.14 Governing Equations
121(2)
4.15 Normal and Oblique Shocks
123(7)
4.16 Oblique Shock Wave in an Equilibrium Gas
130(2)
4.17 Equilibrium Quasi-One-Dimensional Nozzle Flows
132(7)
4.17.1 Quasi One-Dimensional Flow
134(5)
4.18 Frozen and Equilibrium Flows
139(2)
4.19 Equilibrium and Frozen Specific Heats
141(7)
4.19.1 Equilibrium Speed of Sound
145(1)
4.19.2 Quantitative Relation for the Equilibrium Speed of Sound
146(2)
4.20 Inviscid High-Temperature Nonequilibrium Flows
148(5)
4.20.1 Governing Equations for Inviscid, Nonequilibrium Flows
149(4)
4.21 Nonequilibrium Normal Shock and Oblique Shock Flows
153(8)
4.21.1 Nonequilibrium Flow behind an Oblique Shock Wave
156(2)
4.21.2 Nonequilibrium Quasi-One-Dimensional Nozzle Flows
158(3)
4.22 Nonequilibrium Flow over Blunt-Nosed Bodies
161(2)
4.23 Transport Properties in High-Temperature Gases
163(11)
4.23.1 Momentum Transport
164(1)
4.23.2 Energy Transport
165(1)
4.23.3 Mass Transport
165(9)
4.24 Summary
174(17)
Exercise Problems
191(3)
References
194(1)
5 Hypersonic Flows 195(38)
5.1 Introduction
195(1)
5.2 Newtonian Flow Model
196(2)
5.3 Mach Number Independence Principle
198(1)
5.4 Hypersonic Flow Characteristics
199(8)
5.4.1 Noncontinuum Considerations
199(1)
5.4.2 Stagnation Region
200(4)
5.4.3 Stagnation Pressure behind a Normal Shock Wave
204(3)
5.5 Governing Equations
207(3)
5.5.1 Equilibrium Flows
208(1)
5.5.2 Nonequilibrium Flows
208(1)
5.5.3 Thermal, Chemical, and Global Equilibrium Conditions
209(1)
5.6 Dependent Variables
210(1)
5.7 Transport Properties
211(3)
5.7.1 Viscosity coefficient
211(1)
5.7.2 Thermal Conduction
212(1)
5.7.3 Diffusion Coefficient
212(2)
5.8 Continuity Equation
214(1)
5.9 Momentum Equation
214(2)
5.10 Energy Equation
216(3)
5.11 General Form of the Equations of Motion
219(2)
5.11.1 Overall Continuity Equation
220(1)
5.11.2 Momentum Equation
220(1)
5.11.3 Energy Equation
221(1)
5.12 Experimental Measurements of Hypersonic Flows
221(1)
5.13 Measurements of Hypersonic Flows
222(2)
5.13.1 Hypersonic Experimental Facilities
224(1)
5.14 Summary
224(6)
Exercise Problems
230(1)
References
230(3)
6 Aerothermodynamics 233(64)
6.1 Introduction
233(1)
6.2 Empirical Correlations
234(1)
6.3 Viscous Interaction with External Flow
235(1)
6.4 CFD for Hypersonic Flows
236(3)
6.4.1 Grid Generation
238(1)
6.5 Computation Based on a Two-layer Flow Model
239(5)
6.5.1 Conceptual Design Codes
239(1)
6.5.2 Characteristics of Two-Layer CFD Models
240(2)
6.5.3 Evaluating Properties at the Boundary Layer Edge
242(2)
6.6 Calibration and Validation of the CFD Codes
244(1)
6.7 Basic CFD — Intuitive Understanding
245(46)
6.7.1 Governing Equations Based on Conservation Law
245(2)
6.7.2 Euler Equations in Conservation Form
247(1)
6.7.3 Characteristics of Fluid Dynamic Equations
248(2)
6.7.4 Advection Equation and Solving Techniques
250(11)
6.7.5 Solving Euler Equations — Extension to System Equations
261(30)
6.8 Summary
291(3)
Exercise Problem
294(1)
References
294(3)
7 High-Enthalpy Facilities 297(26)
7.1 Introduction
297(1)
7.2 Hotshot Tunnels
298(1)
7.3 Plasma Arc Tunnels
299(2)
7.4 Shock Tubes
301(4)
7.4.1 Shock Tube Applications
302(3)
7.5 Shock Tunnels
305(1)
7.6 Gun Tunnels
305(1)
7.7 Some of the Working Facilities
306(6)
7.7.1 Hypersonic Wind Tunnel
307(1)
7.7.2 High-Enthalpy Shock Tunnel (HIEST)
307(2)
7.7.3 Hypersonic and High-Enthalpy Wind Tunnel
309(1)
7.7.4 Von Karman Institute Longshot Free-Piston Tunnel
310(1)
7.7.5 MHD Acceleration in High-Enthalpy Wind Tunnels
311(1)
7.7.6 Measurement Techniques
311(1)
7.8 Just a Recollection
312(6)
7.8.1 Thermally Perfect Gas
313(1)
7.8.2 Calorically Perfect Gas
313(1)
7.8.3 Perfect or Ideal Gas
313(1)
7.8.4 Thermal Equilibrium
314(1)
7.8.5 Chemical Equilibrium
314(1)
7.8.6 Caloric and Chemical Effects
315(1)
7.8.7 Aerodynamic Forces
315(1)
7.8.8 Plasma Effects
315(1)
7.8.9 Viscous and Rarefaction Effects
316(1)
7.8.10 Trajectory Dependence
316(1)
7.8.11 Nonequilibrium Effects
316(1)
7.8.12 Ground Test
317(1)
7.8.13 Real-Gas Equation of State
317(1)
7.9 Summary
318(3)
Exercise Problems
321(1)
References
322(1)
Further Readings 323(2)
Index 325
Ethirajan Rathakrishnan, Indian Institute of Technology, India
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