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E-raamat: History of Low German Negation

(Lecturer in Historical German Linguistics, Ghent University)
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History of Low German NegationSuurem pilt
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This book examines the diachronic development of negation in Low German, from Old Saxon up to the point at which Middle Low German is replaced by High German as the written language. It investigates both the development of standard negation, or Jespersen's Cycle, and the changing interaction between the expression of negation and indefinites in its scope, giving rise to negative concord along the way. Anne Breitbarth shows that developments in Low German form a missing link between those in High German, English, and Dutch, which have been much more widely researched. These changes are analysed using a generative account of syntactic change combined with minimalist assumptions concerning the syntax of negation and negative concord.

The book provides the first substantial, diachronic analysis of the development of the expression of negation through the Old Saxon and Middle Low German periods, and will be of interest not only to students and researchers in the history of German, but also to all those working on the syntax of negation from a diachronic and synchronic perspective.
Series preface vii
Preface viii
List of tables
ix
List of figures
xii
1 Introduction
1(15)
1.1 Aim and scope of this book
1(6)
1.2 A brief history of Low German
7(1)
1.3 The corpus
8(6)
1.4 Overview
14(2)
2 The expression of standard negation
16(39)
2.1 Old Low German
16(14)
2.1.1 The preverbal clitic negation particle
16(3)
2.1.2 Negation strengtheners
19(11)
2.1.3 Summary
30(1)
2.2 Middle Low German
30(24)
2.2.1 The preverbal clitic particle
30(6)
2.2.2 The bipartite expression of negation and the verb-independent negation particle
36(2)
2.2.3 Factors influencing the use of ne/en with nicht in Middle Low German
38(15)
2.2.4 Summary
53(1)
2.3 Conclusion
54(1)
3 Indefinites in the scope of negation
55(54)
3.1 Common developments and interactions
55(13)
3.1.1 Indefinite systems
55(7)
3.1.2 Negative concord
62(6)
3.2 Old Low German
68(24)
3.2.1 The indefinite system of Old Low German
68(4)
3.2.2 Patterns of interaction
72(3)
3.2.3 Factors influencing the choice between n-free and n-marked indefinite
75(16)
3.2.4 Summary
91(1)
3.3 Middle Low German
92(15)
3.3.1 The indefinite system of Middle Low German
92(3)
3.3.2 Patterns of interaction
95(4)
3.3.3 Factors influencing the occurrence of en with negative indefinites
99(8)
3.3.4 Summary
107(1)
3.4 Conclusion
107(2)
4 Theoretical background
109(34)
4.1 Syntactic theory
109(2)
4.2 Language change
111(4)
4.3 The syntactic representation of negation
115(8)
4.3.1 NegP-approaches to the syntax of negation
115(6)
4.3.2 Earlier NegP-free approaches
121(2)
4.4 Jespersen's Cycle
123(14)
4.4.1 NegP-accounts of Jespersen's Cycle
123(4)
4.4.2 A NegP-free account of Jespersen's Cycle
127(10)
4.5 Negative concord
137(4)
4.6 Summary
141(2)
5 The development of negation in Low German
143(32)
5.1 The interaction of indefinites and negation in historical Low German
144(13)
5.1.1 Negative concord in Old Low German
144(7)
5.1.2 Negative concord in Middle Low German
151(6)
5.2 Incipient Jespersen's Cycle in Old Low German
157(4)
5.2.1 Preverbal ni/ne
157(1)
5.2.2 The grammaticalization of nicht
157(4)
5.3 Jespersen's Cycle in Middle Low German
161(12)
5.3.1 The transition from stage II to stage III
161(4)
5.3.2 The fate of the original preverbal particle
165(5)
5.3.3 Grammar competition?
170(3)
5.4 Conclusion
173(2)
6 Conclusion
175(7)
References 182(19)
Index 201
Anne Breitbarth is a Lecturer in Historical German Linguistics at Ghent University, where her research focuses on Germanic historical syntax. She has previously held posts at Tilburg, where she completed a PhD on auxiliary ellipsis in Early New High German in 2005, and Cambridge, where she was a Research Associate in the AHRC project âThe development of negation in the languages of Europe and the Mediterraneanâ. She is co-editor, with David Willis and Christopher Lucas, of the two OUP volumes resulting from this project, The History of Negation in the Languages of Europe and the Mediterranean (Vol 1 2013; Vol 2 forthcoming). Together with Sheila Watts (Cambridge) and George Walkden (Manchester), she is currently working on a parsed corpus of historical Low German.
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