One of the most important introductions to Japanese philosophy, translated from the original Japanese.
The History of Modern Japanese Philosophy attempts to describe the entire history of philosophy in Japan from its introduction in the Meiji period to the present day. It offers philosophers and students in English-speaking countries who are interested in Asian and Japanese philosophy and the philosophy of the Kyoto school the foundational knowledge to understand them. Author Masakatsu Fujita focuses on clarifying how Japanese philosophers have dealt with philosophical problems and developed unique thoughts, drawing not only on Western philosophy but also Eastern thought. They stood within the interstice between East and West to open a new prospect on the world of philosophy. With the help of this book a new dialogue of ideas will emerge that will in turn engender new developments in philosophy and thereby further expand the network of philosophical thinking worldwide.
Arvustused
"There is nothing like this excellent book in English or any other non-Japanese language. The scope and depth of the contents are unprecedented in Western languages and probably unequaled, even in Japan. It will make an enormous contribution to the burgeoning field of Japanese philosophy." John C. Maraldo, University of North Florida
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One of the most important introductions to Japanese philosophy, translated from the original Japanese.
Translator's Note
Introduction: Japanese "Philosophy" and the "History of Philosophy" in Japan
1. How Should We View "Philosophy"?
(1) What Is Philosophy?
(2) Is There Such a Thing as the "Core of Philosophy"?
(3) Can Intellectual Undertakings Prior to the Meiji Period Be Called
"Philosophy"?
2. What Is the History of Philosophy?
(1) The Reception of the History of Philosophy in Japan
(2) What Is the History of Philosophy?
(3) The Methodology of the History of Philosophy
Part I The Era of Reception from the West Philosophy of the Meiji Period
Chapter 1: Early Meiji Philosophy
1. Early History of the Reception of Philosophy
(1) The First "Philosophy" Course in Japan
(2) The People Who Encountered Philosophy
(3) The Translation of the Word "Philosophy"
(4) "Philosophy" as Something Distinct from Confucianism
2. The Reception of Philosophy by Nishi Amane
(1) Dividing Meiji Philosophy into Periods
(2) Nishi Amane's Studies in the Netherlands
(3) Western Academic Inquiry as an "Intellectual System"
(4) A Focus on Positive Knowledge and Induction
3. Fukuzawa Yukichi and Modern Japanese Academic Inquiry
(1) The Meiji 6 Society (Meirokusha)
(2) Fukuzawa Yukichi and the Task of Becoming "Civilized"
(3) Wide-Ranging Debate and a Skeptical Spirit
(4) Changes in Academic Inquiry
(5) Nishimura Shigeki's Theory of Morality
4. Nakae ChminPhilosophy as "the Study of Principles [ Rigaku]"
(1) Nakae Chmin's View of Academic Inquiry
(2) Nakae and Rousseau
(3) Nakaeism
Chapter 2: Philosophy Within the University System (Academic Philosophy)
1. Fenollosa's Philosophy Courses at the University of Tokyo
(1) Establishment of the University of Tokyo and Its Faculty of Letters
(2) Fenollosa and Spencerian Philosophy
(3) Fenollosa's German Philosophy Course
2. The Identity of Phenomenon and RealityThe Philosophy of Inoue Tetsujir
and Inoue Enry
(1) Inoue Tetsujir's "Philosophy of Phenomenon-Reality Identity"
(2) Inoue Enry's "Philosophy of Phenomenon-Reality Identity"
3. The Reception of Philosophy Through Writings on the History of
PhilosophyMiyake Setsurei and Kiyozawa Manshi
(1) Miyake Setsurei's Philosophical Trifles
(2) Kiyozawa Manshi's Lectures on the History of Western Philosophy and the
Reception of Hegel's Dialectic
(3) Kiyozawa Manshi's Philosophy of Religion
4. The Formation of Critical/Rational Thoughtnishi Hajime and Kan Kkichi
(1) The Study of Logic in the Meiji Period
(2) nishi Hajime's Critical Philosophy
(3) Kan Kkichi's Ethics and Philosophy of History
5. Fenollosa and Okakura Tenshin's Understanding of Aesthetics and Art
History
(1) Fenollosa's True "Theory of Art"
(2) Okakura Tenshin's Views on Art
6. The Contribution of Ludwig Busse and Raphael von Koeber to the Study of
Philosophy in Japan
(1) The Reception of German Philosophy
(2) Koeber as an Educator
Chapter 3: Awareness of the Individual and Interest in the State and Society
in the Mid and Late Meiji Periods
1. Reflection on the March Toward Modernization
(1) The State of Thought from the Mid-to-Late Meiji Period
(2) Tokutomi Soh's "Commonerism"
(3) Shiga Shigetaka and Miyake Setsurei's Japanese Nationalism
(4) Kuga Katsunan's Conception of Nationalism (Kokuminshugi)
(5) From Nationalism to Imperialism
(6) Okakura Tenshin's "East"
2. Awareness of the Individual
(1) Kitamura Tkoku's "Theory of Inner Life"
(2) The "Personal Cultivation" Movement
(3) Spiritualism
(4) Tsunashima Rysen
(5) Uchimura Kanz's Individualism
3. Looking Toward Peace and Social Paradoxes
(1) The Early Socialist Movement Tied to Christianity
(2) Ktoku Shsui's Socialism
(3) Interest in Peace
Part II The Era of FormationThe Philosophy of the Taish and Early Shwa
Periods
Chapter 4: Thought in the Taish and Early Shwa Periods
1. The Taish Period
(1) Culture and Cultivation
(2) T. H. Green's Theory of Personal Realization
(3) Abe Jir's Personality-ism
(4) Cultivationism
(5) Culturism
(6) Kantian and Neo-Kantian Studies
(7) The Philosophy of Life / Pragmatism
(8) Taish Democracy
(9) Marxism
(10) The Influence of Japanese Philosophy (Thought) on China
2. Thought in the Early Shwa Era
(1) 1920s Europe
(2) The Neo-Kantian School
(3) Phenomenology
(4) Heidegger's Philosophy
(5) Philosophical Anthropology
(6) The Influence of Marxism
(7) The 1930s
Chapter 5: The Philosophies of Nishida and Tanabe
1. Nishida Kitar's Early Period
(1) The Conceptual Foundation of Nishida's Philosophy
(2) The Philosophy of "Pure Experience"
(3) Place
2. The Formation of Tanabe Hajime's Thought and His Critique of Nishida's
Philosophy 185
(1) From the Study of the Philosophy of Mathematics and Science to the Study
of Kant and Hegel
(2) The Study of Hegel's Philosophy and Critique of Nishida's Philosophy
3. The Philosophy of Nishida's Late Period
(1) Nishida and Tanabe's Interest in History and the Real World
(2) The Reception of Hegel's Dialectic
(3) The Dialectical Universal
(4) Absolutely Contradictory Self-Identity
(5) Action-Intuition
(6) Nishida's Religious Thought at the End of His Life
4. Tanabe Hajime's "Logic of Species"
(1) Toward the Formation of the "Logic of Species"
(2) The Practical Motivation Behind the "Logic of Species"
(3) The Logical Motivation Behind the "Logic of Species"
(4) What Is the "Logic of Species"?
(5) The "Logic of Species" and Tanabe's Critique of Nishida's Philosophy
(6) The Positioning of "Species" in Nishida's Philosophy
(7) The Question of the State
Chapter 6: Various Developments in Philosophy in the Era of Nishida and
Tanabe
1. Takahashi Satomi
(1) Initial Critique of Nishida's Philosophy
(2) The Philosophy of "Enveloping Totality"
(3) Second Critique of Nishida's Philosophy
2. Kuki Shz
(1) The Development of Kuki's Thought
(2) Kuki's Theory of "Time"
(3) The Structure of Iki
(4) The Philosophy of Contingency
(5) Concerning Poetry and Rhyme
3. Watsuji Tetsur
(1) The Development of Watsuji's Thought
(2) Climate
(3) The Ethics of "Relationships"
(4) Criticism of Watsuji's Ethics
4. The Development of the Study of Aesthetics
(1) The Development of the Study of Aesthetics in Japan
(2) nishi Yoshinori
(3) The Reception of Konrad Fiedler's Aesthetics
(4) Ueda Jyuz's Studies in Aesthetics and Art History
(5) The Beauty of Handicrafts
5. The Philosophy of Religion
(1) Hatano Seiichi's Philosophy of Religion
(2) Suzuki Daisetsu's "Logic of Is/Not"
Chapter 7: The Disciples of Nishida and Tanabe
1. The Zen TraditionHisamatsu Shin'ichi and Nishitani Keiji
(1) Hisamatsu Shin'ichi
(2) Nishitani Keiji
2. Phenomenology, the Philosophy of History, and the Theory of Social
ExistenceYamauchi Tokury, Ksaka Masaaki, and Mutai Risaku
(1) Yamauchi Tokury's "Logic of Analogia"
(2) Ksaka Masaaki's Philosophy of History
(3) Mutai Risaku's "On Social Existence"
(4) The Establishment of the Study of Philosophy at Taihoku Imperial
University
3. The Logic of ImaginationMiki Kiyoshi
4. Encounters with MarxismTosaka Jun and Kakehashi Akihide
(1) Tosaka Jun's "Scientific Spirit"
(2) Kakehashi Akihide's "Total Natural History Process"
5. Development in Diverse FieldsKimura Motonori, Kyama Iwao, Tsuchida
Kyson, and Shimomura Toratar
(1) Kimura Motonori's Theory of the Body/Expression
(2) Kyama Iwao's "Philosophy of World History"
(3) Tsuchida Kyson
(4) Mathematics as "Spiritual History" Shimomura Toratar
Chapter 8: The Kyoto School 2
1. What Was/Is the Kyoto School?
(1) Establishment of the Name "Kyoto School"
(2) What Was/Is the "Kyoto School"?
(3) The "Kyoto School" as an Intellectual Network
(4) The Philosophy of "Nothingness"
2. Overcoming Modernity
(1) The Critiques of the "Overcoming Modernity" and "Japan and the
Perspective of World History" Symposia
(2) A Symposium that Became a Free-for-All Discussion
(3) "Modernity" as the Self and "Modernity" as the Other
(4) Shimomura Toratar's "Modernity"
(5) What Came Out of the "Overcoming Modernity" Symposium
Part III The Period of DevelopmentPostwar Philosophy
Chapter 9: Starting from Defeat
1. The Issues of "Modernity" and "Subjectivity"
(1) Immature Modernity
(2) Criticism of "Modernism"
(3) The Subjectivity Debate
(4) Takeuchi Yoshimi's Critique of Modernism
2. Toward the Realization of Peace
(1) Efforts Toward the Realization of Peace
(2) Thought Concerning Peace
3. New Perspectives in the Postwar Era
(1) An Era of Popularization
(2) The Perspective of Citizens Living Ordinary Lives
Chapter 10: The Postwar Kyoto School
1. The Development of Tanabe's Philosophy
(1) Critique of the Kyoto School
(2) Tanabe Hajime's "Philosophy as the Way of Repentance (Metanoetics)"
(3) The Philosophy of Death
2. The Development of the Philosophy of Nothingness (Emptiness)
(1) Hisamatsu Shin'ichi's "Atheism"
(2) Nishitani Keiji
(3) Ueda Shizuteru
(4) The Spread of the Philosophy of "Nothingness"
3. The Diverse Development of the Kyoto School
(1) Nishida's Disciples
(2) Tanabe's Disciples
(3) Thought Related to the Kyoto School Nakai Masakazu, Hayashi Tatsuo,
Hanada Kiyoteru, and Suzuki Tru
(4) Expansion Beyond Philosophy
Chapter 11: The Diverse Development of Postwar Japanese Philosophy
1. Being and Knowledge
(1) Being and Cognition
(2) Mono and Koto
(3) Reality and Actuality
(4) Phenomenology
2. The Self and the Other
(1) The Reception of Existentialism
(2) Real Existence and Empty ExistenceThe "I" and the Self
(3) The Self and the Other
(4) Relationships and the Binomial Relationship of "I" and "You"
(5) Roles and Masks
3. Language
(1) Experience and Language
(2) The Creativity of Language
(3) The Dynamism of LanguageSurface Structure and Deep Structure
(4) Translation
4. Looking at the Body
(1) What Is the Body?
(2) Sensus Communis, Pathetic (Emotional) Knowledge, and Clinical Knowledge
(3) Eastern Theories of the Body
(4) Bioethics and Environmental Ethics
5. The Perspective of Comparison
(1) Nakamura Hajime's Attempt at an "Intellectual History of the World"
(2) Izutsu Toshihiko's "Synchronic Structuring" of Eastern Thought
(3) The Possibility of the Study of Comparative Philosophy (Thought)
Afterword
Postscript to the English Version
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Masakatsu Fujita is Professor Emeritus at Kyoto University. He is the author or editor of several books, including The Philosophy of the Kyoto School. Robert Chapeskie is a translator, writer, and editor specializing in philosophy and East Asian studies.
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