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E-raamat: History of the Study of the Indigenous Languages of North America

(Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna)
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History of the Study of the Indigenous Languages of North AmericaSuurem pilt
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"The languages indigenous to North America are characterized by a remarkable genetic and typological diversity. Based on the premise that linguistic examples play a key role in the origin and transmission of ideas within linguistics and across disciplines, this book examines the history of approaches to these languages through the lens of some of their most prominent properties. These properties include consonant inventories and the near absence of labials in Iroquoian languages, gender in Algonquian languages, verbs for washing in the Iroquoian language Cherokee and terms for snow and related phenomena in Eskimo-Aleut languages. By tracing the interpretations of the four examples by European and American scholars, the author illustrates their role in both lay and professional contexts as a window onto unfamiliar languages and cultures, thus allowing a more holistic view of the history of language study in North America"--

The languages indigenous to North America are characterized by a remarkable genetic and typological diversity. Based on the premise that linguistic examples play a key role in the origin and transmission of ideas within linguistics and across disciplines, this book examines the history of approaches to these languages through the lens of some of their most prominent properties. These properties include consonant inventories and the near absence of labials in Iroquoian languages, gender in Algonquian languages, verbs for washing in the Iroquoian language Cherokee and terms for snow and related phenomena in Eskimo-Aleut languages. By tracing the interpretations of the four examples by European and American scholars, the author illustrates their role in both lay and professional contexts as a window onto unfamiliar languages and cultures, thus allowing a more holistic view of the history of language study in North America.
Preface & Acknowledgments ix
List of Abbreviations
xi
List of Figures
xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(8)
1.1 Aims of the book
1(3)
1.2 Terms and definitions
4(2)
1.3 Structure of the book
6(3)
Chapter 2 The languages of North America: An overview
9(78)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Genetic and areal overview
9(28)
2.2.1 Introduction
9(3)
2.2.2 Algonquian languages
12(4)
2.2.3 Iroquoian languages
16(5)
2.2.4 Eskimo-Aleut languages
21(2)
2.2.5 Loss of the languages: Its causes and implications
23(14)
2.3 Overview of structural characteristics
37(48)
2.3.1 Introduction
37(1)
2.3.2 Sound systems
38(9)
2.3.3 Word and sentence structure
47(1)
2.3.3.1 Polysynthesis
48(8)
2.3.3.2 Noun incorporation
56(4)
2.3.4 Gender
60(7)
2.3.5 Classifiers
67(18)
2.4 Concluding observations
85(2)
Chapter 3 Studies of the languages of North America
87(44)
3.1 Introduction
87(1)
3.2 Missionary and other pre-modern sources
88(13)
3.3 From 1788 till the 1840s
101(6)
3.4 Since the second half of the 19th century
107(7)
3.5 Wider contexts
114(14)
3.6 Concluding observations
128(3)
Chapter 4 Sound systems in Iroquoian languages
131(42)
4.1 Introduction
131(1)
4.2 Motifs in phonetic accounts
132(28)
4.2.1 Introduction
132(1)
4.2.2 Describing sounds in unwritten languages
132(3)
4.2.3 Gaps in phonetic inventories
135(10)
4.2.4 Uncommon sounds
145(6)
4.2.5 `Confused' sounds
151(9)
4.3 Images of languages and speakers
160(11)
4.3.1 Introduction
160(1)
4.3.2 Images of languages
161(5)
4.3.3 Images of speakers
166(5)
4.4 Concluding observations
171(2)
Chapter 5 Gender in Algonquian languages
173(52)
5.1 Introduction
173(1)
5.2 Early studies: 17th--19th centuries
174(18)
5.2.1 Introduction
174(1)
5.2.2 17th and 18th centuries
174(9)
5.2.3 Late 18th and 19th century
183(9)
5.3 Studies of Algonquian gender since the beginning of the 20th century
192(30)
5.3.1 Introduction
192(1)
5.3.2 Early 20th-century accounts
193(3)
5.3.3 Bloomfield and Greenberg
196(10)
5.3.4 Gender and culture
206(5)
5.3.5 Gender as a grammatical category
211(11)
5.4 Concluding observations
222(3)
Chapter 6 Cherokee verbs for washing
225(50)
6.1 Introduction
225(1)
6.2 Cherokee verbs for washing: The life cycle of the example
225(28)
6.2.1 Introduction
225(1)
6.2.2 Origin (1818--c.1860)
226(9)
6.2.3 Propagation (c.1860--c.1950)
235(15)
6.2.4 Exposition and status quo (1952--present)
250(3)
6.3 Images of languages and speakers
253(20)
6.3.1 Introduction
253(1)
6.3.2 Images of languages
254(1)
6.3.2.1 Methodological issues
254(1)
6.3.2.2 Abstract terms in primitive' languages
255(4)
6.3.2.3 Abstract terms and the Cherokee example
259(6)
6.3.3 Images of speakers
265(8)
6.4 Concluding observations
273(2)
Chapter 7 Eskimo words for snow
275(48)
7.1 Introduction
275(1)
7.2 Eskimo words for snow: The life cycle of the example
275(45)
7.2.1 Introduction
275(1)
7.2.2 Origin (1894--c.1940)
276(15)
7.2.3 Propagation (c.1940--c.1990)
291(8)
7.2.4 Exposition and status quo (1986-present)
299(21)
7.3 The Eskimo and Cherokee examples: A comparison
320(2)
7.4 Concluding observations
322(1)
Chapter 8 Concluding discussion
323(34)
8.1 Introduction
323(1)
8.2 Life cycles of linguistic examples
323(4)
8.3 Functions of examples
327(18)
8.3.1 Methodology
328(8)
8.3.2 Theory and ideology
336(9)
8.4 Motifs
345(11)
8.4.1 Complexity and `richness'
345(5)
8.4.2 Abstract and `concrete'
350(6)
8.5 Prospects
356(1)
References 357(64)
Index of Biographical Names 421(10)
Index of Subjects and Terms 431(8)
Index of Languages, Dialects and Language Families 439
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