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E-raamat: House of Sciences: The First Modern University in the Muslim World

  • Formaat: 320 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Jun-2019
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780190051570
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  • Formaat: 320 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Jun-2019
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780190051570

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Following a string of military defeats at the end of the eighteenth century, Ottoman leaders realized that their classical traditions and institutions could not compete with Russia and the European states' technological and economic superiority.One of a series of nineteenth-century reform initiatives was the creation of a European-style university called dar lf nun. From the Arabic words dar, meaning "house," and f nun, meaning "sciences," the dar lf nun would incorporate the western sciences into deeply entrenched academic traditions and institutions in an effort to bridge the gap with Europe. The completely new institution, distinct from the existing pre-modern medreses, was modeled after the French educational system and created an infrastructure for national universities in Turkey and some of the Arab-speaking provinces. It also influenced the establishment of universities in Iran and Afghanistan.

Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu's study sheds new light on an important and pioneering experiment in East-West relations, tracking the multifaceted transformation at work in Istanbul during the transition from classical to modern modes of scientific education. Out of this intellectual ferment, a new Ottoman Turkish scientific language developed, the terminology of which served as a convenient vehicle for expressing and teaching modern science throughout the Empire.

Arvustused

An original contribution of this book is the detailed scholarly study of how a new Ottoman scientific language developed and its focus on the Ottoman administration which fashioned the new ethos that come to undergird its norms and institutions of the Empire. Given current events in Turkey, it should be of interest to anyone who wants to understand the educational and cultural background of countries that were part of, or in close contact with, the Ottoman Empire. We cannot help asking, how sturdy are the structures of these new universities? The answer can perhaps be read between the lines of this useful and scholarly work. * William R. Shea, Galileo Professor of History of Science at the University of Padua * Its comparative approach, scope of coverage, rigorous analysis, and concern for situating the Ottoman experiment in the larger context of global higher education history make The House of Sciences a major contribution. Another important aspect of this well-planned and assiduously researched study is that in addition to providing a definitive account of the Ottoman Darülfünun, it provides the first in-depth analysis of the Ottoman experiment in higher education in the post-Tanzimat era. This book will remain as the standard book on the subject for foreseeable future and would draw considerable interact among scholars. * M. Sükrü Hanioglu, Garrett Professor in Foreign Affairs and Professor of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University * The House of Sciences is a notable contribution to the scholarship in English on the history and institutions of science in the nineteenth-century non-Western context. * A. Tunç S¸&en, Isis Book Review *

Preface ix
Acknowledgments xv
Note on Transcriptions xvii
List of Abbreviations
xix
Introduction: Universities in Europe, Medreses in the Muslim World xxi
Part I Genesis, Development, and Closure of the Darulfunun
1 New Pursuits in Education, Orientation to the Occident
1(22)
1.1 Planning of Central Education
8(3)
1.2 Birth of the Idea of Darulfunun
11(5)
1.3 The Establishment of the Society of Science [ Encumen-i Danis]
16(5)
1.4 A Critical Voice From Within
21(2)
2 The First Attempt: Enlightening the People
23(7)
2.1 A Drive Toward Harmony Between Modern Science and Islam
26(4)
3 The Second Attempt: Darulfunun-i Osmani [ Ottoman University]
30(11)
3.1 The Comprehensive Modern Framework and 1869 Regulations of Public Education
31(2)
3.2 The Ottoman Version of a French University
33(1)
3.3 Student Affairs
34(1)
3.4 Administrative Structure
35(1)
3.5 Financial Resources
35(1)
3.6 Inauguration of the Dariilfunun-i Osmani
36(5)
4 The Third Attempt: Darulfunun-i Sultani [ Sultanic University]
41(15)
4.1 The School of Law
46(3)
4.2 School of Civil Engineering; School of Roads and Bridges
49(2)
4.3 The School of Arts
51(1)
4.4 Administrative and Financial Structure of the Darulfunun-i Sultani
52(1)
4.5 Language of Instruction and the Translations of Textbooks
53(2)
4.6 The Legacy of the Sultanic University
55(1)
5 The Successful Commencement 1900
56(9)
5.1 The Inauguration of the Darulfunun-i Sahane [ Universite Imperiale]
59(2)
5.2 Darulfunun -i Sahane Regulations
61(1)
5.3 Curricula
62(1)
5.4 The First Teachers of the Darulfunun-i Sahane
63(1)
5.5 Admission of the First Students and the Beginning of Education
63(2)
5.6 The First Graduates of the Darulfunun -i Sahane
65(1)
6 The Second Constitutional Period
65(20)
6.1 Tuba Tree Legend and Emrullah Efendi's Project
68(6)
6.2 The New Bylaws of the Darulfunun
74(5)
6.3 University Education for Girls
79(4)
6.4 Controversy Regarding the Education of Girls and the End of Segregation
83(2)
7 The War Years: 1914-1918 and the German Influence
85(9)
8 The Armistice Years and the Pre-Republican Period
94(9)
8.1 Nationalism and the First Student Boycott in the Darulfunun
99(2)
8.2 The Rapprochement Between the Darulfunun and the Ankara Government
101(2)
9 Darulfunun after the Proclamation of the Republic
103(9)
9.1 A Short Honeymoon
103(3)
9.2 Solving the Building Problems and Sparking the Autonomy Privilege
106(2)
9.3 Accusations and the Recurrence of an Old Refrain: Reform of the Darulfunun
108(2)
9.4 The Resignation of Darulfunun Rector Ismayd Hakki Bey and the Election of a New Rector
110(2)
10 Ottoman Darulfunun's Downfall and the Birth of the Turkish University
112(1)
10.1 Istanbul Darulfunun Abolished and Replaced With the Istanbul University
117(3)
10.2 A Glance at Today's Istanbul University
120(2)
Part II Transforming of Ethos and Developing New Norms and Institutions
11 Introductory Notes
122(2)
11.1 From Traditional to Modern in Education
124(2)
11.2 Nomenclature and Cultural Content
126(4)
11.3 Developing New Institutions
130(4)
11.4 Teachers
134(11)
11.5 Students
145(2)
12 Legal Identity and Autonomy
147(4)
13 Financing the Darulfunun
151(8)
14 The Evolution of Modern Scholarly Literature and Terminology
159(19)
14.1 Darulfunun and Darwinism
170(4)
14.2 Modern Terminology
174(4)
15 The Birth and Evolution of the Concept and Tradition of Academic Research
178(13)
15.1 The First Contacts With Foreign Universities
183(2)
15.2 Domestic Research Trips
185(2)
15.3 Research and Studies Published Abroad
187(4)
Part III The Legacy of Darulfunun
16 Spread of University Education in the Provinces
191(8)
16.1 Damascus Faculty of Medicine
192(2)
16.2 Law Schools
194(1)
16.3 Salonica Law School
195(1)
16.4 Konya Law School
196(1)
16.5 Baghdad Law School
197(1)
16.6 Beirut Law School
198(1)
17 Impact of the Darulfunun Outside the Ottoman Realm
199(1)
17.1 Foundation of the Darulfunun in Iran Under the Qajar Rule
200(1)
17.2 Foundation of the Darulfunun in Afghanistan
201(6)
An Analytical Overview of the Foundation of Darulfunun zoy
207(10)
Appendix: Institutional Topography of the Darulfunun
217(1)
A.1 Faculty of Science
217(1)
A.1.1 Institutes, Garden, and Museums of the Faculty of Science
217(3)
A.1.2 Geology Institute
220(1)
A.1.3 Chemistry Institute
221(2)
A.1.4 Electromechanics Institute
223(1)
A.1.5 Institute of Botany and Garden
224(1)
A.1.6 Zoology Museum and Aquarium
224(1)
A.2 Faculty of Arts
225(3)
A.2.1 Institutes of the Faculty of Arts
228(1)
A.2.2 Institute of Geography
229(1)
A.2.3 Institute of Psychology
229(1)
A.2.4 Institute of Sociology
230(1)
A.2.5 Institute of Turkology
230(1)
A.2.6 Institute of History
231(1)
A.3 Faculty of Divinity
231(3)
A.4 Faculty of Law
234(1)
A.5 Faculty of Medicine
234(5)
A.5.1 Institutes and Research Centers Attached to the Faculty of Medicine
238(1)
A.5.1.1 Turkish Anthropological Research Center
238(1)
A.5.1.1 Cancer Institute
239(1)
A.5.1.3 Physiology Institute
239(1)
A.6 Central Library
239(4)
Bibliography 243(14)
Index 257
Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu is a Turkish scholar and diplomat. He was the founder and chair of the first Department of the History of Science in Turkey at the University of Istanbul and has taught at the universities of Ankara, Exeter, Istanbul, and Munich. He is the founder of the IRCICA, the Turkish Society for the History of Science, and the International Union of history and Philosophy of Science (2001-2005). His written works include Turks in Egypt and Their Cultural Legacy, Scientific Technology and Learning in the Ottoman Empire, and The Islamic World in the New Century. A member of the Turkish Parliament and the Parliamentarian Assembly of the Council of Europe, Ihsanoglu was a candidate for president of the Republic of Turkey in 2014.