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E-raamat: How to Drive a Nuclear Reactor

4.66/5 (101 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Praxis Books
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jan-2020
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030338763
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How to Drive a Nuclear ReactorSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Praxis Books
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jan-2020
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030338763
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Have you ever wondered how a nuclear power station works? This lively book will answer that question. It’ll take you on a journey from the science behind nuclear reactors, through their start-up, operation and shutdown. Along the way it covers a bit of the engineering, reactor history, different kinds of reactors and what can go wrong with them. Much of this is seen from the viewpoint of a trainee operator on a Pressurised Water Reactor - the most common type of nuclear reactor in the world.  Colin Tucker has spent the last thirty years keeping reactors safe. Join him on a tour that is the next best thing to driving a nuclear reactor yourself!

Arvustused

The book is great with the perfect mid-point of useful technical detail and easily understandable explanations. An excellent read for anyone interested in something a bit more in-depth than most popular science books, just so long as you go in with your brain switched on. (Popular Science, popsciencebooks.blogspot.com, September 7, 2020)

It should be of interest to both general readers wanting to know how a nuclear reactor works, those new to the industry, and specialists wanting a broader overview. The book is well produced, well written and the authors enthusiasm and sense of humour come over. (Nigel Buttery, Nuclear Future, May-June, 2020)

1 One Man and His Dog
1(6)
1.1 Reading This Book Won't Qualify You to Drive a Nuclear Reactor
1(2)
1.2 What This Book Covers
3(1)
1.3 The Three Key Concepts
4(1)
1.4 And Finally
4(3)
2 Physics Is Phun!
7(8)
2.1 Atoms and Nuclei
7(2)
2.2 Fission
9(2)
2.3 Fast and Slow Neutrons
11(1)
2.4 Chain Reactions
12(3)
3 Being Friendly to Neutrons
15(10)
3.1 Introducing Reactivity
16(1)
3.2 Niles and milliNiles...
17(1)
3.3 Your Reactor's Fuel
18(2)
3.4 Your Control Rods
20(2)
3.5 The Boiling `Point' of Water
22(3)
4 Crideality Is Not as Bad as It Sounds
25(10)
4.1 Criticality: One of Science-Fiction's Biggest Mistakes
25(1)
4.2 Starting Subcritical: A Shutdown Reactor
25(2)
4.3 Approaching Criticality
27(1)
4.4 Supercriticality: Also Not a Problem
28(1)
4.5 Prompt and Delayed Neutrons
29(1)
4.6 Chicago Pile 1 (CP-1)
30(5)
5 What Makes Nuclear Special?
35(8)
5.1 A Compact Source of Energy
35(2)
5.2 Fission Products
37(3)
5.3 Decay Heat
40(1)
5.4 The Worst That Could Happen
41(2)
6 The Thing You Put Your Reactor in...
43(14)
6.1 The Reactor Pressure Vessel
46(2)
6.2 The Steam Generators
48(1)
6.3 The Reactor Coolant Pumps
48(2)
6.4 The Pressuriser
50(3)
6.5 Putting It All Together
53(1)
6.6 Inside the `Can'
54(1)
6.7 A Sense of Scale
55(2)
7 Pull the Rods Out and Stand Back
57(12)
7.1 Where Do You Start?
57(2)
7.2 Are You Protected?
59(1)
7.3 Predicting Criticality
59(1)
7.4 Changing Boron
60(2)
7.5 First Steps
62(2)
7.6 Approach to Criticality
64(1)
7.7 Waiting for Criticality
65(1)
7.8 Doubling Time and Start-Up Rate
66(1)
7.9 Where to Next ...?
67(2)
8 Watt Power?
69(12)
8.1 Three Problems with Flux
70(5)
8.2 Nitrogen-16
75(1)
8.3 Using Heat (Primary Circuit)
76(1)
8.4 Using Heat (Secondary Circuit)
77(2)
8.5 What Doesn't Work
79(1)
8.6 Back to Fissions
79(2)
9 Your Reactor Is Stable (Part One)
81(10)
9.1 Fuel Temperature
82(3)
9.2 Moderator Temperature
85(2)
9.3 It's a PWR, so It's Stable
87(1)
9.4 Another Coefficient
87(1)
9.5 Chernobyl Reactor Number 4, 26th April 1986
88(2)
9.6 Remember That You Have a PWR
90(1)
10 You've Got to Do Something with All that Steam
91(14)
10.1 Steam Generators: Viewed from the Other Side
91(3)
10.2 Main Steam Lines
94(1)
10.3 Steam Turbines
95(2)
10.4 The High Pressure Turbine
97(1)
10.5 Re-using the Steam
98(2)
10.6 The Condensers
100(1)
10.7 The Way Back
101(1)
10.8 The Generator
102(1)
10.9 The Big View of the Power Station Cooling Circuits
103(2)
11 The Big Red Button...
105(10)
11.1 What Next?
106(2)
11.2 Trips and Scrams...
108(1)
11.3 What Makes a Good Control Room?
109(4)
11.4 How Many Reactors?
113(2)
12 Your Reactor Is Stable (Part Two)
115(12)
12.1 Steam Generator Conditions
115(1)
12.2 Heat Transfer
116(1)
12.3 A Practical Example: A Small Change in Electrical Power
117(2)
12.4 Keeping on Program
119(2)
12.5 Steam Dumping
121(1)
12.6 And Finally . Boron
122(2)
12.7 Routine Dilutions
124(3)
13 Putting a Spin oh It
127(8)
13.1 Stable at Low Power
127(1)
13.2 Supporting Your Turbine
128(2)
13.3 Spinning-Up
130(1)
13.4 Synchronising
130(3)
13.5 Turbine Power Raising
133(2)
14 Going Up!
135(10)
14.1 Reactor Power Raising
135(1)
14.2 Power Defect
136(1)
14.3 Power Shape
137(2)
14.4 Iodine and Xenon
139(1)
14.5 Xenon Build-Up
139(2)
14.6 Xenon After a Trip
141(1)
14.7 January Sales
142(3)
15 Power, and How to Change It
145(1)
15.1 The Toolkit
145(1)
15.2 Practical Example: A Significant Power Reduction
146(1)
15.3 What You Really Do
147(1)
15.4 Controlling Axial Power Shape
148(1)
15.5 And Xenon
148(2)
15.6 Flexible Operation
150(2)
15.7 Load Following
152(1)
15.8 Taking the Long View
152(3)
16 Steady Power with Nothing to Do?
155(1)
16.1 The `Q' Word?
155(1)
16.2 Burning-Up
155(2)
16.3 Primary Circuit
157(3)
16.4 Steam Generators
160(1)
16.5 Steam Demand
160(1)
16.6 What Else Might You Be Doing?
161(1)
16.7 Predicting Criticality
162(5)
17 It's All About Safety
167(14)
17.1 The Interview
167(1)
17.2 Building a Bridge
167(2)
17.3 Safety Cases
169(1)
17.4 What Can Go Wrong with Your PWR?
170(1)
17.5 The Three `Cs
171(1)
17.6 Automatic Protection
171(2)
17.7 Engineered Safety Features
173(1)
17.8 How Safe Is `Safe Enough'?
174(1)
17.9 The Windscale Fire
175(2)
17.10 International Perspectives
177(1)
17.11 Tolerable Risk
178(1)
17.12 Just a Small One...
178(3)
18 What Can Go Wrong (and What You Can Do About It)
181(12)
18.1 Can You Cope?
181(1)
18.2 Fault 1: A Loss of Grid
182(1)
18.3 Natural Circulation
183(2)
18.4 Batteries and Back-Up Generators
185(1)
18.5 Pumps etc
186(1)
18.6 Recovering from a Loss of Grid
186(1)
18.7 Fault 2: A Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident (LB LOCA)
187(1)
18.8 Safely Injection (SI)
188(5)
19 Smaller Isn't Always Easier
193(12)
19.1 Fault 3: A Small Loss of Coolant Accident
193(1)
19.2 The Operator's Choice
194(1)
19.3 Finding a Balance
195(1)
19.4 Moving On, Moving Down
196(2)
19.5 Small LOCA, Big Problem
198(2)
19.6 Fault 4: Steam Generator Tube Leak (SGTL)
200(3)
19.7 How Is That Acceptable?
203(2)
20 What Else Can Go Wrong?
205(8)
20.1 Fault 5: Main Steam Line Break (MSLB)
205(2)
20.2 Fault 6: Severe Accidents
207(2)
20.3 Fukushima Daiichi
209(1)
20.4 In the Longer Term
210(1)
20.5 The Best Way to Deal with a Severe Accident...
210(3)
21 When You Run Out of Oomph
213(14)
21.1 Coast-Down
213(1)
21.2 Shutting Down
214(1)
21.3 Cooling Down
215(2)
21.4 Reactor Coolant Pumps
217(1)
21.5 Boron
217(1)
21.6 The Chemists Are in Charge
218(1)
21.7 Cooling When Cooled Down
218(2)
21.8 Lifting the Lid
220(2)
21.9 Defuelling, Shuffling, Refuelling
222(1)
21.10 The Way Back
223(1)
21.11 Physics Testing
224(1)
21.12 Afterwards
225(2)
22 Other Reactor Designs Are Available
227(14)
22.1 A Little Bit of History
227(2)
22.2 Pressurised Water Reactors (PWRs)
229(1)
22.3 Boiling Water Reactors
229(2)
22.4 CANDU Reactors
231(1)
22.5 MAGNOX Reactors
231(2)
22.6 Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactors (AGRs)
233(2)
22.7 RBMK Reactors
235(2)
22.8 Fast Reactors
237(1)
22.9 Thorium
238(1)
22.10 The Paper Reactors
239(1)
22.11 And the Winner Is?
240(1)
22.12 Don't Just Take My Word for It...
240(1)
23 How to Build Your Own Reactor
241(6)
23.1 First the Fuel
241(1)
23.2 Plutonium
241(1)
23.3 Enriched Uranium
242(1)
23.4 The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NNPT)
243(1)
23.5 Natural Uranium
244(1)
23.6 It's Not Going to Happen
245(1)
23.7 Has Anyone Ever Tried?
245(2)
24 And There's More...
247(6)
24.1 One Small Book
247(1)
24.2 Not Just Operations
247(2)
24.3 Spent Fuel...
249(1)
24.4 ...and Radioactive Wastes
249(1)
24.5 At the End of the Day
250(1)
24.6 Off the Grid?
251(1)
24.7 Books, Accidents and Weapons
251(1)
24.8 The Politics and the Campaigning
252(1)
25 Conclusion
253(4)
Picture Credits and Sources 257(2)
Index 259
Colin Tucker has worked in the UK nuclear industry for 30 years, most of that time at Sizewell B power station. He specialises in Nuclear Safety: the safe running of the reactor, ensuring that the station is always ready to cope with anything that might happen. Over much of his career he has spent time visiting Schools, Clubs and other venues to talk about nuclear power stations how they work, how they can be kept safe etc. In his spare time he is a bat enthusiast and a guard and signalman on the Ffestiniog Railway.
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