Covid-19 has been a dramatic lesson in risky decision-making. Neither the strict lockdowns of China nor the liberal policies of Sweden emerged as ideal solutions. This critical and insightful book presents a compelling empirical case for balanced, nuanced policymaking that accounts for socioeconomic costs. A valuable survival guide for future pandemics - highly recommended. -- Gerd Gigerenzer, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany Clearly written and accessible for experts and students alike, this book provides important evidence that the Covid-19 lockdowns were an unnecessary policy disaster, which better public health policy and preparedness could and should have allowed us to avoid. -- Lee Jones, Queen Mary University of London, UK Initially, the Covid-19 pandemic was managed largely by non-pharmaceutical means. Few attempts were made to evaluate whether their benefits were proportionate to their social and economic costs. Did hard lockdowns really prevent mass deaths? This book is a valuable contribution to debates over the lessons to be learned for the next pandemic. -- Robert Dingwall, Nottingham Trent University, UK. There is a real danger that, thanks to Covid-19, lockdowns will become an accepted part of the public health toolkit. That must not happen without open debate about the effectiveness of lockdowns and whether, when all is said and done, they cause more harm than good. This book keeps alive a discussion that will matter to every one of us when the next pandemic arrives. -- Mark Woolhouse, University of Edinburgh, UK Covid-19 has been a dramatic lesson in risky decision-making. Neither the strict lockdowns of China nor the liberal policies of Sweden emerged as ideal solutions. This critical and insightful book presents a compelling empirical case for balanced, nuanced policymaking that accounts for socio-economic costs. A valuable survival guide for future pandemics - highly recommended. -- Gerd Gigerenzer, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany A cogent and much-needed summary of the growing literature and evidence for the catastrophic nature of government policies on Covid-19. -- Toby Green, King's College London, UK