About the editor |
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xix | |
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1 Introduction to HMI--current and future, systems, features, and benefits Human-machine interfaces in smart manufacturing |
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1 | (8) |
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1.1 HMI on a growth drive |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Origins of smart manufacturing |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (3) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Cause and development of the term |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.7 Total global HMI dedicated AR/VR devices 2020-2030 |
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7 | (2) |
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7 | (2) |
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2 Human-machine interaction (HMI) technology--Malaysia National Technology Roadmap Industry4WRD leading the human intelligence transformation in smart manufacturing |
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9 | (14) |
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2.1 Smart manufacturing--a global overview |
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9 | (1) |
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2.2 Malaysia smart manufacturing using HMI technologies--the call for a national policy in Malaysia |
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10 | (3) |
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2.2.1 Industry4WRD: Malaysia national policy roadmap for HMI technologies |
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12 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Shift factors in Malaysia national policy roadmap for smart manufacturing using HMI technologies |
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12 | (1) |
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2.3 Convergence of emerging technologies |
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13 | (2) |
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2.4 Malaysia readiness for Industry 4.0 |
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15 | (3) |
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2.5 Industry4WRD--framework |
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18 | (1) |
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2.5.1 Industry4WRD objectives |
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18 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Industry4WRD strategic enabler |
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19 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Industry4WRD readiness assessment |
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19 | (1) |
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2.6 Case study--Pentamaster--embracing Industry 4.0 automation |
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19 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Pentamaster implementation of Industry 4.0 |
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20 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Pentamaster implementation of Industry 4.0 |
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20 | (1) |
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2.7 Conclusion--moving forward |
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21 | (2) |
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21 | (2) |
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3 Challenges and impact of human-machine interaction systems in smart manufacturing |
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23 | (12) |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (8) |
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3.2.1 Socio-technical approach in HMI |
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27 | (4) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (2) |
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4 Robotics and autonomous systems in smart manufacturing |
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35 | (24) |
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35 | (7) |
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4.1.1 Development of robots |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (4) |
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4.2 Introduction to autonomous systems |
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42 | (8) |
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4.2.1 Concept of robotics laws |
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47 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Communication system used in robotics |
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50 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Advantages of robots |
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50 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Disadvantages of robots |
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50 | (1) |
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4.3 Fifth industrial revolution |
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50 | (5) |
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4.3.1 Robotics beyond 2030 |
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51 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Robots in architecture |
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52 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Five applications of robotics |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (4) |
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56 | (3) |
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5 Artificial intelligence implementations in HMI for smart manufacturing |
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59 | (24) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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5.3 Advantages and disadvantages of AI |
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60 | (5) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (4) |
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69 | (4) |
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5.6 Stage of intelligence |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (4) |
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78 | (5) |
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79 | (4) |
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6 5G and beyond environment for smart manufacturing |
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83 | (22) |
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Sultan Salah Sultan Melhi |
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6.1 The current communication system |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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6.3 Differences between 4G and 5G |
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84 | (1) |
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6.4 Why is 5G a big deal? |
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84 | (1) |
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6.5 What makes 5G faster? |
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84 | (1) |
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6.6 Difference between 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G |
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85 | (1) |
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6.6.1 First-generation 1G |
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85 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Second-generation 2G |
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85 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Third-generation 3G |
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85 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Fourth-generation 4G |
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86 | (1) |
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6.6.5 Fifth-generation 5G |
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86 | (1) |
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6.7 The evolution of the 5G |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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6.9 Features and advantages of 5G technology |
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87 | (1) |
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6.10 Disadvantages of 5G technology |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (8) |
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6.12.1 Introduction to 5G innovation |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (1) |
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6.12.3 Gap analysis and benchmarking analysis |
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92 | (1) |
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6.12.4 Benchmarking analysis |
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93 | (1) |
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6.12.5 Suitable concept(S) law (S) for 5G |
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94 | (1) |
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6.12.6 Mathematical model(s) |
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94 | (1) |
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6.12.7 The communication system and modulation system for 5G |
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94 | (3) |
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97 | (4) |
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97 | (1) |
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6.13.2 One advanced communication technology beyond 2030 |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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6.13.4 Characteristics of 6G |
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99 | (1) |
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6.13.5 Future system for 6G |
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99 | (1) |
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6.13.6 Architecture of 6G |
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100 | (1) |
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6.13.7 Fiye real applications on the 6G technology |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
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102 | (3) |
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7 Drone supports applications in smart manufacturing |
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105 | (22) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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7.2.1 Amazon Air Service for drone transportation |
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106 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Automated aircraft used in agriculture |
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106 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Construction aircraft |
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106 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Advantages of drones |
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106 | (1) |
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7.2.5 Disadvantages of drones |
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107 | (1) |
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7.2.6 The component of drone |
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107 | (1) |
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7.3 Future of drone technology |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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7.5 The working principle of drone |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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7.7 Introduction to drone use |
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112 | (5) |
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7.8 Data collection and analysis |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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7.11 Introduction to drone and telecommunications |
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118 | (3) |
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7.12 What is 6G technology? |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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7.14 What do we expect from the 6G? |
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121 | (1) |
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7.15 Service requirements |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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125 | (2) |
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8 VoIP technology in manufacturing |
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127 | (24) |
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Mohammed Mohammed Moqbel Ali |
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127 | (1) |
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8.1.1 What does VoIP means? |
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127 | (1) |
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8.2 History of VoIP technology |
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127 | (2) |
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8.3 Technology working principle |
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129 | (1) |
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8.4 Specialized activity steps |
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129 | (1) |
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8.5 Requirements for the technology to work |
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129 | (1) |
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8.6 Some of the benefits of the VoIP technology |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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8.12 VoIP technology standards |
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131 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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8.13 How VoIP is transferred? |
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133 | (3) |
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134 | (1) |
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8.13.2 Advantages of VoIP |
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135 | (1) |
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8.13.3 Disadvantages of VoIP |
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135 | (1) |
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8.13.4 What to look for in a VoIP provider? |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (6) |
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136 | (4) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (9) |
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142 | (1) |
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8.15.2 Beyond 2030 in 6G technology and the improve for VoIP |
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143 | (4) |
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8.15.3 The disturbance brought by these correspondence advances |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (3) |
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9 Industrial Internet of Things solutions in smart manufacturing |
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151 | (32) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (7) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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9.5 IoT vs Artificial Intelligence, RFID, and wireless communication |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (7) |
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168 | (8) |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (4) |
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179 | (4) |
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10 Metal powder bed fusion: an overview on processes, materials, and challenges |
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183 | (10) |
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183 | (1) |
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10.2 Metal powder bed fusion process |
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184 | (3) |
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10.2.1 Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and selective laser sintering (SLS) |
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184 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Selective laser melting (SLM) |
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185 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Electron beam melting (EBM) |
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186 | (1) |
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10.3 Materials used in metal powder bed fusion processes |
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187 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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10.3.4 Nickel-chromium alloys |
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188 | (1) |
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10.3.5 Cobalt-chromium alloys |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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10.5 Size of the global market and future trend |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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191 | (2) |
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11 3D processing for human-machine interaction and additive manufacturing |
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193 | (30) |
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11.1 Manufacturing process |
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193 | (1) |
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11.2 Human-machine interaction |
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194 | (6) |
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200 | (1) |
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11.4 Additive manufacturing |
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201 | (8) |
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11.4.1 3D processing to 3D model |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (5) |
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11.5 3D printing in medical healthcare |
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209 | (3) |
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11.6 3D printing in food science |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (6) |
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218 | (5) |
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12 Augmented reality technology in smart manufacturing |
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223 | (28) |
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12.1 Augmented reality technology |
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223 | (7) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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12.1.4 Application of AR technology |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (11) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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12.2.3 Advantages of using AR in education |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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12.2.6 Healthcare-focused AR apps |
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236 | (1) |
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12.2.7 AR technology is in nascent stages of market penetration |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (3) |
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12.3 Industry Revolution 5.0 |
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241 | (10) |
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241 | (1) |
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12.3.2 AR technology characteristics |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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12.3.4 Future system standards include |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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12.3.6 Future of commercial transportation - Toyota e-Palette |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (5) |
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13 Extended reality on smart manufacturing |
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251 | (30) |
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13.1 Difference between VR/AR/MR/XR |
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252 | (1) |
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13.2 What "R" technology can do now? |
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253 | (1) |
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13.3 What sensory experiences can XR simulate in the future? |
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254 | (2) |
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13.4 Current statistics of XR simulate |
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256 | (2) |
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13.5 What security issues will XR encounter? |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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13.8 Advantages of AR in education |
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260 | (2) |
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13.9 Disadvantages of AR in education |
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262 | (1) |
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13.10 Previous technologies on XR |
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263 | (5) |
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13.11 What is the concept of XR in 2030? |
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268 | (1) |
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13.12 The future of VR, livable VR technology |
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269 | (3) |
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13.12.1 Can be used continuously for a long time |
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270 | (1) |
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13.12.2 Can be used at high frequency for a long time |
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270 | (1) |
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13.12.3 Support basic survival maintenance system needs |
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271 | (1) |
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13.13 Current application of XR technology |
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272 | (3) |
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13.14 AR glasses in the future |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (5) |
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277 | (4) |
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14 Intelligent transportation systems |
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281 | (32) |
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Mohsen Sahal Mohsen Fadhl |
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281 | (1) |
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14.2 Intelligenttransportation system |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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14.4 The necessities of this system |
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282 | (1) |
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14.5 Statistics of the car connections |
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283 | (3) |
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286 | (2) |
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14.7 How connected vehicles work |
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288 | (1) |
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14.8 Literature review (introduction) |
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289 | (1) |
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14.9 Fundamental autonomous vehicle technology |
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290 | (1) |
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14.10 Intelligent driver model (IDM) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (1) |
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14.12 Enabling technologies |
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292 | (5) |
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14.13 Modulation system in intelligent vehicles |
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297 | (1) |
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14.14 Advantages and disadvantages of SM |
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298 | (1) |
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14.15 Gap analysis and benchmarking |
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298 | (1) |
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14.16 Industry Revolution 5.0 |
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299 | (1) |
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14.17 Important technologies in intelligent transportation system |
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299 | (2) |
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14.18 Smart transportation architectures |
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301 | (4) |
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14.19 Intelligent transportation applications |
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305 | (4) |
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309 | (4) |
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309 | (4) |
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15 Optical fibres for data interoperability and real-time production tracking in medical manufacturing |
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313 | (26) |
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313 | (7) |
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15.1.1 Optical fibre in modern technology |
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313 | (1) |
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15.1.2 Optical fibre communication in the twenty-first century |
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314 | (1) |
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15.1.3 Statistics and graphs |
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315 | (2) |
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15.1.4 Trends of optical fibre |
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317 | (1) |
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15.1.5 History search and who developed it |
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318 | (1) |
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15.1.6 Types of optical fibres |
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319 | (1) |
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15.1.7 How optical fibres work and how it conducts light |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (7) |
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320 | (3) |
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15.2.2 Comparison between DSL, cable Internet lines and fibre optics |
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323 | (1) |
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15.2.3 Gap analysis and benchmarking |
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323 | (1) |
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15.2.4 Mathematical model of the transmission of light in optical fibre |
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323 | (3) |
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326 | (1) |
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15.2.6 Modulation system in optical fibre |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (12) |
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15.3.1 Industrial Revolution 5.0 |
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327 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Additional technology, feature and characteristics beyond 2030 |
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328 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Types of future systems |
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329 | (3) |
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15.3.4 FIVE real applications of optical fibre |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (4) |
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16 Human-Machine Interface for Healthcare Technology Manufacturing |
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339 | (36) |
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16.1 The subsystems within the healthcare system |
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340 | (1) |
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16.1.1 Primary care system |
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340 | (1) |
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16.1.2 Secondary care system |
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341 | (1) |
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16.1.3 Tertiary care system |
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341 | (1) |
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16.1.4 Public health system |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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16.3 Healthcare stakeholders |
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342 | (1) |
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16.4 Impact of technology on healthcare |
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343 | (2) |
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16.5 Types of technology impacting healthcare |
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345 | (6) |
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16.6 Human-machine interface (HMI) in healthcare |
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351 | (16) |
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352 | (2) |
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16.6.2 Nanomedicine and genomics |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (5) |
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16.6.4 Rehabilitation and robots |
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360 | (2) |
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362 | (4) |
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366 | (1) |
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16.6.7 Challenges of blockchain |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (8) |
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368 | (7) |
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17 Smart manufacturing workplace safety with virtual training, AR and haptic technologies |
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375 | (26) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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17.3 Fire detection using YOLO |
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377 | (2) |
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17.4 Shortest path using A* algorithm |
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379 | (3) |
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379 | (1) |
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17.4.2 Map and node design |
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380 | (1) |
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17.4.3 How the robots work |
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381 | (1) |
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17.5 Results and discussions |
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382 | (16) |
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17.5.1 Position of robots and fire |
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382 | (1) |
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17.5.2 Collecting data for YOLO |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (7) |
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17.5.4 Evaluation of the shortest path |
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390 | (3) |
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393 | (2) |
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17.5.6 Evaluation of the entire system |
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395 | (3) |
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398 | (3) |
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399 | (2) |
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18 Blockchain technology in smart manufacturing |
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401 | (34) |
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18.1 Blockchain technology |
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401 | (1) |
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18.2 Why is blockchain popular? |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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18.5 Blockchain technology's possibilities |
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403 | (1) |
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18.6 Statistics of Blockchain technology |
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404 | (2) |
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18.7 Inventor of blockchain technology |
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406 | (1) |
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407 | (1) |
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18.9 How blockchain technology works? |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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18.11 The Blockchain three principal components |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (6) |
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|
410 | (1) |
|
|
410 | (1) |
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18.13.3 Blockchain in education |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
18.13.4 Blockchain in cryptocurrency |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
18.13.5 Blockchain in medical care |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
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415 | (1) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
18.15 Gap analysis and benchmarking of Blockchain technology |
|
|
417 | (3) |
|
18.16 Industry Revolution 5.0 |
|
|
420 | (3) |
|
18.16.1 Blockchain technology Industry Revolution 5.0 |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
18.16.4 Architecture of blockchain technology |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
18.17 Characteristics of Blockchain technology |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
18.18 Professional standards of Blockchain technology |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
18.19 Applications of Blockchain technology |
|
|
424 | (5) |
|
|
429 | (6) |
|
|
430 | (5) |
|
19 Reducing Waste and Pollution with Automation and CPS in Manufacturing |
|
|
435 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
Muhammad Sufyan Safwan Mohamad Basir |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (2) |
|
19.2.1 Types of waste in manufacturing |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
19.4 Architecture CPS for manufacturing |
|
|
441 | (2) |
|
19.5 Implementation of CPS |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
19.6 CPS in waste management |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (5) |
|
|
445 | (4) |
|
20 Smart manufacturing workplace safety with virtual training, AR, MR and haptic technologies |
|
|
449 | (18) |
|
|
20.1 What is virtual reality (VR)? |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (3) |
|
20.4 Application of VR in safety of smart manufacturing |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
20.8 Application of AR in safety of smart manufacturing |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
20.12 Application of MR in the safety of smart manufacturing |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
20.13 What is haptic technology and its importance in VR/AR/MR in smart manufacturing? |
|
|
461 | (6) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (5) |
|
21 Conserving environment using resources wisely with reduction of waste and pollution: exemplary initiatives for Education 4.0 |
|
|
467 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21.1 Introduction and SEAMEO LeSMaT Education 4.0 project initiative |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
21.2 Development and evaluation for future HMI educational system to promote CT |
|
|
471 | (4) |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
21.2.2 Design of this activity |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
21.3 Scratchtopia Challenge as an exemplary initiative to promote CT at "elementary level |
|
|
475 | (4) |
|
21.4 Exemplary projects on conservation of energy and/or other resources as well as waste reduction integrating IoT concept and technological tool(s) |
|
|
479 | (7) |
|
21.5 Development and wise use of tools for monitoring, evaluation and research activities |
|
|
486 | (7) |
|
|
490 | (3) |
|
22 Conserving cultural heritage, monitoring health and safety in the environment integrating technology: issues, challenges and the way forward |
|
|
493 | (26) |
|
Awangku Hassanal Bahar Pengiran Bagul |
|
|
|
|
|
|
22.1 Environmental conservation for sustainability in fulfilling SDGs |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
22.2 Monitoring occupational health and safety in small and medium industrial (SMI) manufacturing sector: challenges and future direction |
|
|
495 | (3) |
|
22.3 Enhancing awareness on environmental and preventive healthcare for sports science supported by technology: a systematic review and suggested research |
|
|
498 | (4) |
|
22.4 Conserving cultural heritage through Minecraft digital tool |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
22.5 Development of digital platforms to manage sustainable edutourism programmes: lessons learnt and the way forward |
|
|
503 | (16) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
515 | (4) |
|
23 Rethinking and redesigning strategies related to IR4.0 to bridge the gap of human resource development in ICT industries and smart manufacturing |
|
|
519 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
23.1 Lifelong learning for human resource development in the era of IR4.0 |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
23.2 Redesigning strategies to enculture lifelong learning for the success of smart manufacturing |
|
|
521 | (5) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
23.3 Designing techno-based mathematics tasks for learning geometry |
|
|
526 | (5) |
|
23.4 Building young minds through Minecraft digital tool to embrace smart manufacturing |
|
|
531 | (8) |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
534 | (5) |
|
|
539 | (8) |
|
|
24.1 Challenges and technology roadmap for HMI for smart manufacturing |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
24.2 Leading the human intelligence transformation, a technology roadmap for future HMI systems in smart manufacturing |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
24.3 Human-machine interaction (HMI) in smart manufacturing |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
24.4 AI implementations in HMI for smart manufacturing |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
24.5 Industrial IoT in a 5G and beyond environment for smart manufacturing |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
24.6 Simulations to support data analytics (DA) applications in smart manufacturing |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
24.7 Cyber-physical systems engineering for manufacturing |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
24.8 Industrial cloud-based solutions in smart manufacturing |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
24.9 3D processing for human-machine-interaction and additive manufacturing |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
24.10 Reinforcement learning for human-robot-interaction in smart manufacturing |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
24.11 Networked sensing in smart manufacturing |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
24.12 Intelligent autonomous systems using AI, sensing, and machine cognition in smart manufacturing |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
24.13 Networked sensors for data interoperability and real-time production tracking in smart manufacturing |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
24.14 Industrial automation and interoperability |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
24.15 Smart manufacturing workplace safety with virtual training, AR, and haptic technologies |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
24.16 Blockchain technology in smart manufacturing |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
24.17 Reducing waste and pollution with automation in manufacturing |
|
|
545 | (2) |
Index |
|
547 | |