1 Introduction |
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1.1 Human Body - Kinematic Perspective |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Musculoskeletal Injuries and Neurological Movement Disorders |
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3 | (5) |
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1.2.1 Musculoskeletal injuries |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Neuromuscular disorders |
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3 | (5) |
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1.3 Sensors in Telerehabilitation |
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8 | (8) |
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1.3.1 Opto-electronic sensing |
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8 | (3) |
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1.3.2 RGB camera and microphone |
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11 | (3) |
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1.3.3 Inertial measurement unit (IMU) |
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14 | (2) |
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1.4 Model-based State Estimation and Sensor Fusion |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.1 Summary and challenges |
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1.5 Human Motion Encoding in Telerehabilitation |
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17 | (3) |
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1.5.1 Human motion encoders in action recognition |
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17 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Human motion encoders in physical telerehabilitation |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Summary and challenge |
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19 | (1) |
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1.6 Patients' Performance Evaluation |
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20 | (3) |
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1.6.1 Questionnaire-based assessment scales |
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21 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Automated kinematic performance assessment |
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21 | (1) |
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1.6.3 Summary and challenge |
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22 | (1) |
2 Kinematic Performance Evaluation with Non-wearable Sensors |
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23 | (52) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (16) |
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24 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Linear model of human motion multi-Kinect system |
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26 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Model-based state estimation |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Fusion of information |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Mitigation of occlusions and optimised positioning |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Computer simulations and hardware implementation |
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29 | (11) |
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40 | (17) |
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40 | (2) |
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2.3.2 The two-component encoder theory |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (2) |
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2.3.5 Complex motion decomposition using switching continuous hidden Markov models |
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47 | (1) |
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2.3.6 Canonical actions and the action alphabet |
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48 | (1) |
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2.3.7 Experiments and results |
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49 | (8) |
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2.4 ADL Kinematic Performance Evaluation |
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57 | (17) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (4) |
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2.4.4 Data analysis and results |
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65 | (9) |
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74 | (1) |
3 Biokinematic Measurement with Wearable Sensors |
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75 | (24) |
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75 | (1) |
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3.2 Introduction to Quaternions |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (5) |
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3.3.1 Solutions to the Wahba problem |
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77 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Davenport's q method |
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78 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Quaternion Estimation Algorithm (QUEST) |
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80 | (1) |
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Reference frame rotation in the QUEST method |
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80 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Fast optimal attitude matrix (FOAM) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.3.5 Estimator of the optimal quarternion (ESOQ or ESOQ1) method |
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81 | (1) |
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3.4 Quaternion Propagation |
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81 | (1) |
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3.5 MARG (Magnetic Angular Rates and Gravity) Sensor Arrays-based Algorithm |
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82 | (1) |
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3.6 Model-based Estimation of Attitude with IMU Data |
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82 | (3) |
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3.7 Robust Optimisation-based Approach for Orientation Estimation |
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85 | (2) |
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3.8 Implementation of the Orientation Estimation |
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87 | (1) |
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3.8.1 Extended Kalman filter-based approach |
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88 | (1) |
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3.8.2 Robust extended Kalman filter implementation |
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88 | (1) |
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3.8.3 Robust extended Kalman filter with linear measurements |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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3.11 Results and Discussion |
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91 | (5) |
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3.11.1 Computer simulations |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (4) |
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96 | (3) |
4 Capturing Finger Movements |
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99 | (34) |
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99 | (3) |
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102 | (1) |
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4.3 Accuracy Improvement of Total Active Movement and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Angles |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (3) |
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4.6.1 Concurrence validity |
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109 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Internal reliability |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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4.8 Approaching Finger Movement with a New Perspective |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (3) |
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4.10 Boundary of the Reachable Space |
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119 | (4) |
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4.11 Area of the Reachable Space |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (2) |
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4.13 Results and Discussion |
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128 | (4) |
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4.14 Conclusion and Future Work |
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132 | (1) |
5 Non-contact Measurement of Respiratory Function via Doppler Radar |
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133 | (66) |
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133 | (2) |
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5.2 Fundamental Operation of Microwave Doppler Radar |
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135 | (5) |
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5.2.1 Velocity and frequency |
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135 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Correction of I/Q amplitude and phase imbalance |
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138 | (2) |
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5.3 Signal Processing Approach |
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140 | (6) |
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140 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Extracting respiratory signatures |
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142 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Low-pass filtering (LPF) |
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145 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Discrete wavelet transform |
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145 | (1) |
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5.4 Common Data Acquisitions Setup |
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146 | (5) |
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5.5 Capturing the Dynamics of Respiration |
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151 | (5) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Slow inhalation-fast exhalation |
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152 | (1) |
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5.5.4 Fast inhalation-slow exhalation |
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152 | (1) |
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5.5.5 Capturing abnormal breathing patterns |
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152 | (1) |
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5.5.6 Breathing component decomposition, analysis and classification |
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153 | (3) |
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5.6 Capturing Special Breathing Patterns |
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156 | (17) |
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5.6.1 Correlation of radar signal with spirometer in tidal volume estimations |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (10) |
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5.6.4 Motion signature from Doppler radar |
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168 | (1) |
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5.6.5 Measurement of volume in (inhalation) and volume out (exhalation) |
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169 | (4) |
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5.7 Removal of Motion Artefacts from Doppler Radar-based Respiratory Measurements |
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173 | (11) |
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5.7.1 Experimental verification |
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175 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Results and discussion |
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176 | (7) |
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183 | (1) |
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5.8 Separation of Doppler Radar-based Respiratory Signatures |
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184 | (15) |
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5.8.1 Respiration sensing using Doppler radar |
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185 | (1) |
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5.8.2 Signal processing source separation (ICA) |
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185 | (2) |
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5.8.3 Experiment protocol for real data sensing |
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187 | (1) |
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5.8.4 Two simulated respiratory sources |
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188 | (2) |
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5.8.5 Experiment involving real subjects |
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190 | (5) |
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5.8.6 Separation of hand motion |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (2) |
6 Appendix |
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199 | (8) |
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199 | (1) |
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6.1.1 Least-squares estimation |
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199 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Maximum likelihood estimation |
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199 | (1) |
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6.2 Model-based Estimators |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (6) |
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6.3.1 Robust filtering with linear measurements |
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203 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Constrained optimisation |
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204 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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207 | (24) |
Index |
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231 | |