Preface |
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xiii | |
Authors |
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xvii | |
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1 Nature-Inspired Algorithms: A Comprehensive Review |
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1 | (26) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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1.2.1 Based on Algorithm Idea |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Based on Problem Type |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Based on Algorithm Applications |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Classification of Nature-Inspired Algorithms |
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4 | (3) |
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1.3.1 SI-Based Algorithms |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.2 BI-not-SI-Based Algorithms |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Natural Science-Based Algorithms |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Natural Phenomena-Based Algorithms |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4 Variants of Nature-Inspired Algorithms |
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7 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Multi-objective Algorithms |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5 A Review of the Most Recent NI Algorithms |
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9 | (8) |
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1.5.1 Artificial Butterfly Optimization Algorithm |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm |
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10 | (2) |
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1.5.3 Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm |
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12 | (2) |
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1.5.4 Spotted Hyena Optimization Algorithm |
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14 | (1) |
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1.5.5 Chemotherapy Science Optimization Algorithm |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (10) |
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2 Hybrid Cartesian Genetic Programming Algorithms: A Review |
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27 | (36) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (7) |
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2.2.1 Single-Solution Methods |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Population-Based Methods |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2.2.1 Evolution strategies |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2.2.2 Differential evolution |
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32 | (1) |
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2.2.2.3 Biogeography-based optimization |
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32 | (1) |
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2.2.2.4 Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2.2.6 Estimation of distribution algorithms |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2.2.7 Ant colony optimization |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2.2.8 Particle swarm optimization |
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36 | (1) |
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2.3 Fundamentals of Cartesian Genetic Programming |
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37 | (3) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Advantages and Drawbacks |
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39 | (1) |
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2.4 Literature Review on Hybrid Metaheuristics |
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40 | (2) |
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2.5 Hybrid Cartesian Genetic Programming Algorithms |
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42 | (10) |
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42 | (1) |
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2.5.1.1 CGP combined with ant colony optimization |
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42 | (2) |
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2.5.1.2 CGP combined with biogeography-based optimization and opposition-based learning |
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44 | (1) |
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2.5.1.3 CGP combined with differential evolution |
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45 | (2) |
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2.5.1.4 CGP combined with estimation of distribution algorithm |
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47 | (1) |
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2.5.1.5 CGP combined with NSGA-II |
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48 | (1) |
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2.5.1.6 CGP combined with harmony search |
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49 | (2) |
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2.5.1.7 CGP combined with particle swarm optimization |
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51 | (1) |
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2.6 Discussion on Hybrid CGP Algorithms |
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52 | (1) |
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2.7 Future Directions of Hybrid CGP Algorithms |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (8) |
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3 Tuberculosis Detection from Conventional Sputum Smear Microscopic Images Using Machine Learning Techniques |
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63 | (18) |
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63 | (2) |
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3.2 Sputum Smear Microscopic Images |
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65 | (2) |
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3.2.1 Disadvantages of Conventional Methods |
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66 | (1) |
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3.3 Machine Learning Techniques for TB Detection |
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67 | (9) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (8) |
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76 | (1) |
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3.5 Conclusions and Future Scope |
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77 | (4) |
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4 Privacy towards GIS Based Intelligent Tourism Recommender System in Big Data Analytics |
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81 | (20) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (7) |
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4.2.1 Intelligent Tourism Recommender System and its Basic Concepts |
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84 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Phases of Tourism Recommender System |
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84 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Collaborative Filtering Technique Used in TRS |
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85 | (1) |
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4.2.3.1 Memory-based collaborative filtering |
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86 | (1) |
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4.2.3.2 Model-based collaborative filtering |
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87 | (1) |
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4.2.3.3 Evaluation of TRS |
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88 | (2) |
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4.3 Geographical Information System Used in TRS |
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90 | (1) |
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4.4 Big Data Analytics in Tourism |
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90 | (2) |
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4.5 Machine Learning Techniques Used in GIS-based TRS |
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92 | (2) |
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4.6 Privacy Preserving Methods Used in GIS-based TRS |
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94 | (3) |
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4.7 Proposed Privacy Preserving TRS Method Using Collaborative Filtering |
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97 | (1) |
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4.7.1 Dataset Description |
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97 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Experimental Result Analysis |
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97 | (1) |
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4.8 Conclusion and Future Work |
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97 | (4) |
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5 Application of Artificial Neural Network: A Case Study of Biomedical Alloy |
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101 | (30) |
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102 | (3) |
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5.2 Test Material and Methods |
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105 | (5) |
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105 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Manufacturing of Orthopaedic Material |
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105 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Material Characterization |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Wear Measurement of Orthopaedic Material |
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107 | (2) |
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5.2.6 Taguchi Design of the Experiment |
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109 | (1) |
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5.3 Results and Discussions |
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110 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Phase Analysis and Microstructure |
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110 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Mechanical Studies of Manufactured Material |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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5.3.2.2 Compressive strength |
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113 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Taguchi Experimental Design |
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113 | (1) |
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5.4 Simulation Model for Wear Response |
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114 | (10) |
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5.4.1 Data Processing in ANN Model |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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5.4.3 Neural Network Architecture |
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120 | (1) |
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5.4.4 ANN Prediction and its Factor |
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120 | (4) |
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124 | (7) |
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6 Laws Energy Measure Based on Local Patterns for Texture Classification |
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131 | (22) |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (6) |
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6.2.1 Mathematical Background of LBP |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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6.3 Local Pattern Laws' Energy Measure |
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140 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Problem Formulation |
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140 | (2) |
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6.4 Implementation and Experiments |
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142 | (7) |
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6.4.1 Results of Brodatz Database |
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145 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Results of ALOT Database |
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146 | (2) |
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6.4.3 Statistical Comparison of the Methods |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (4) |
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7 Analysis of BSE Sensex Using Statistical and Computational Tools |
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153 | (24) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (2) |
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7.2.1 Return and Raw Data |
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156 | (1) |
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7.2.1.1 Time series of the return data created from raw data |
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157 | (1) |
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7.2.1.2 Return data created from detrended data |
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158 | (1) |
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7.2.1.3 The role of raw data in analyses |
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158 | (1) |
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7.3 The Data Vectors and Principal Component Analysis |
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158 | (7) |
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7.3.1 Construction of the Data Vectors |
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159 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Principal Component Analysis |
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160 | (1) |
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7.3.3 PCA of Raw Sensex Data |
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160 | (1) |
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7.3.4 PCA of Detrended Sensex Data |
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161 | (1) |
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7.3.5 PCA of Raw Sensex Data with Noise |
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161 | (1) |
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7.3.6 PCA of Return Sensex Data |
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162 | (1) |
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7.3.6.1 PCA of the return data obtained from raw Sensex data |
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162 | (1) |
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7.3.6.2 PCA of the return data from detrended Sensex data |
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163 | (2) |
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7.4 Kernel Principal Component Analysis |
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165 | (7) |
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7.4.1 KPCA of Raw Sensex Data |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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7.4.1.2 Results of KPCA applied to raw Sensex data (with trend) |
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166 | (1) |
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7.4.2 KPCA of Raw Trend-Removed Sensex Values |
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166 | (2) |
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7.4.3 KPCA of Raw Sensex Data with Noise |
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168 | (1) |
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7.4.4 KPCA of Return Sensex Data |
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168 | (1) |
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7.4.4.1 KPCA of return Sensex data |
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168 | (2) |
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7.4.4.2 KPCA of return of detrended Sensex data |
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170 | (2) |
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7.5 Detrended Fluctuation Analysis |
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172 | (2) |
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7.5.1 Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of the Detrended Sensex Data |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (3) |
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8 Automatic Sheep Age Estimation Based on Active Contours without Edges |
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177 | (18) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (2) |
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8.3 Theory and Background |
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180 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Blob Detection and Counting |
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181 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Morphological Operations |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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8.3.5 Image Collection and Camera Setting |
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181 | (1) |
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8.4 The Proposed Automatic Sheep Age Estimation System |
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182 | (6) |
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8.4.1 Pre-processing Phase |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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8.4.3 Post-processing Phase |
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185 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Age Estimation Phase |
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185 | (3) |
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8.5 Experimental Results and Discussion |
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188 | (4) |
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8.6 Conclusion and Future Work |
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192 | (3) |
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9 Diversity Matrix Based Performance Improvement for Ensemble Learning Approach |
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195 | (22) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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9.3 Theoretical Background |
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197 | (5) |
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9.3.1 Wavelet Based Energy and Entropy |
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197 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Ensemble Classification |
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199 | (1) |
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9.3.2.1 Bagging ensemble learning |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Used Diversity Techniques |
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200 | (1) |
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9.3.3.1 Cosine dissimilarity |
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201 | (1) |
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9.3.3.2 Gaussian dissimilarity |
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202 | (1) |
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9.3.3.3 Kullback-Leibler divergence |
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202 | (1) |
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9.3.3.4 Euclidean distance |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
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9.5 Results and Discussion |
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205 | (6) |
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9.5.1 Preparing the Used Datasets |
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205 | (2) |
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9.5.2 Experimental Set-up |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (3) |
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9.6 Conclusion and Future Work |
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211 | (6) |
Index |
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