Preface |
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xi | |
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1 | (10) |
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3 | (4) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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2 System Design and Implementation |
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11 | (18) |
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13 | (5) |
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2.1.1 Zero Radius Turning |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Front-Wheel Steering |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (7) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Positioning of Steering Angles |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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2.3 Implementation and Testing |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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3 Four-Wheel Independent Steering Control |
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29 | (28) |
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31 | (4) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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3.2 Extended Steering Interface |
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35 | (5) |
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35 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Defining Target ICR |
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36 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Defining Target Orientations of Wheels |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.3 Force Feedback Control |
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40 | (4) |
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3.3.1 Defining Current Steering Condition |
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40 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Force Feedback Reference |
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42 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Motor Torque Control |
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43 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Structure of Force Feedback Controller |
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43 | (1) |
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3.4 Behavior-Based Steering Controller |
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44 | (4) |
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44 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Kinematic Constraint Error |
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44 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Structure of Behavior-Based Steering Controller |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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3.5 Simulations and Experiments |
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48 | (6) |
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3.5.1 Structure of Simulation Environment |
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48 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Steering Motion Simulation |
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49 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Force Feedback Simulation |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (3) |
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4 Four-Wheel Independent Force Control |
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57 | (34) |
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4.1 Traction Force Distribution |
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59 | (14) |
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4.1.1 Deterministic Force Generation |
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61 | (6) |
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4.1.2 Optimal Traction Force Distribution |
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67 | (2) |
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4.1.3 Performance Analysis |
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69 | (4) |
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4.2 Direct Yaw Moment Control |
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73 | (15) |
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4.2.1 Deterministic Yaw Moment Control |
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75 | (5) |
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4.2.2 Feedforward and Feedback Control |
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80 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Performance Analysis |
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82 | (6) |
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88 | (3) |
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5 Battery Management System |
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91 | (94) |
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93 | (17) |
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5.1.1 System Structure and Function Analysis |
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95 | (15) |
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5.2 Robust State of Charge Estimation |
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110 | (35) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (7) |
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5.2.3 Current Zero-Drift Reduction |
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118 | (6) |
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5.2.4 Simulation: RC Model and Filter |
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124 | (7) |
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5.2.5 Experiment and Application: Modified ESC Model and Extended Kalman Filter |
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131 | (12) |
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5.2.6 Data Fusion and Overall Performance |
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143 | (2) |
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5.3 Fast-Charging Controller |
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145 | (18) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (5) |
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5.3.3 Formulation under Model Predictive Control Framework |
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152 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm |
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154 | (3) |
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5.3.5 Performance Demonstration |
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157 | (6) |
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163 | (19) |
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5.4.1 Equalizing Circuit and Analysis |
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165 | (7) |
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5.4.2 Fuzzy Equalization Based on State of Charge |
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172 | (4) |
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5.4.3 Application Results |
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176 | (6) |
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182 | (3) |
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6 Energy Management System |
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185 | (62) |
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6.1 Modeling of Series Electric Vehicle |
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187 | (18) |
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189 | (12) |
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6.1.2 4WIS Series Electric Vehicle |
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201 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Building Up and Analysis |
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201 | (4) |
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205 | (12) |
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6.2.1 Definition of Load Level |
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206 | (4) |
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6.2.2 CNN-NDEKF-Based Forecasting |
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210 | (4) |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (18) |
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6.3.1 Performance Criteria Selection |
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219 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Model Predictive Control Approach |
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220 | (6) |
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6.3.3 Particle Swarm Optimization |
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226 | (9) |
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6.4 Experiments and Analysis |
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235 | (10) |
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6.4.1 Pure Electrical Experiment |
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235 | (2) |
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6.4.2 Thermostat Control Experiment |
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237 | (4) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (8) |
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7.1 Advancement in Vehicle Technology with State-of-the-Art Robotics Research |
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249 | (1) |
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7.2 Omnidirectional Vehicle Structure Supporting 4WIS and 4WID |
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250 | (1) |
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7.3 Intelligent Battery Management System Specialized for HEV |
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251 | (1) |
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7.4 Intelligent Energy Management System Specialized for HEV |
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252 | (3) |
Abbreviations |
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255 | (4) |
References |
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259 | (10) |
Index |
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269 | |