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1 | (18) |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Walking "Machines" or Walking "Robots"? |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 "Biologically Inspired" Designs and Development of Walking Robots |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 Classification of Walking Robots |
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6 | (2) |
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1.5 Hexapod Walking Robots: A Popular Walking Machine for Field Robotics Applications |
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8 | (7) |
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1.6 Walking Robot Terminology |
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15 | (1) |
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1.7 Challenges of Navigation and Locomotion Control of Hexapod Walking Robot for the Field Robotics Applications |
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16 | (3) |
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17 | (2) |
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2 Historical and Modern Perspective of Walking Robots |
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19 | (22) |
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19 | (2) |
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2.2 Historical Perspective of Walking Robots |
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21 | (16) |
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2.2.1 Emergence of Artificial Legged Locomotion from Ancient Civilizations: Imagination, Ideas, and Implementations |
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21 | (6) |
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2.2.2 Evolution of Modern Walking Robots |
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27 | (10) |
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2.3 Modern and Future Perspective of Walking Robot Research |
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37 | (4) |
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39 | (2) |
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3 Design and Optimization of Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robot COMET-IV |
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41 | (44) |
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42 | (11) |
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42 | (4) |
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3.1.2 Overall Mechanical System Design |
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46 | (7) |
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3.2 Building a Single-Leg Model |
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53 | (2) |
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53 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Observations from the Evaluation Experiments |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (9) |
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3.3.1 Forward Kinematics, Inverse Kinematics |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (5) |
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61 | (3) |
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3.4 Analysis of the Foot Mechanism |
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64 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Definition of the Required Cylinder Force and Torque |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (4) |
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3.4.4 Definition of the Necessary Workspace |
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69 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Defining the Necessary Flow Rate and Walking Speed |
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70 | (1) |
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3.5 Optimization of the Leg Mechanism |
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71 | (7) |
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3.5.1 Optimization Process |
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71 | (3) |
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3.5.2 Optimization Results |
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74 | (4) |
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3.6 Exterior View of the Completed COMET-IV |
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78 | (7) |
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83 | (2) |
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4 Kinematics, Navigation, and Path Planning of Hexapod Robot |
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85 | (20) |
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4.1 COMET-IV Kinematics (Inverse/Direct) and Force Sensing |
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85 | (4) |
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4.2 COMET-IV Center of Mass/Gravity |
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89 | (2) |
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4.3 Navigation and Path Planning Issues in Field Robotics Applications |
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91 | (2) |
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4.4 Movement Control Methods |
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93 | (4) |
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4.5 Terrain Adaptive Foot Trajectory Using Force Threshold-Based Method |
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97 | (8) |
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103 | (2) |
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5 Position-Based Robust Locomotion Control of Hexapod Robot |
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105 | (36) |
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105 | (5) |
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5.1.1 Locomotion Control Techniques |
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106 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Centralized Control |
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107 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Distributed Control |
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108 | (2) |
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5.2 Challenges of Position-Based Locomotion Control of Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robot |
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110 | (1) |
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5.3 Independent Joint Control-Based Locomotion Control of Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robot |
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111 | (1) |
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5.4 Robust Control Techniques for Locomotion Control of Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robot |
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112 | (29) |
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5.4.1 Technical Description of COMET-III and Its Model Identification |
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113 | (4) |
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5.4.2 Model Reference Sliding Mode Control |
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117 | (5) |
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5.4.3 Preview Sliding Mode Control |
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122 | (6) |
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5.4.4 Robust Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control-Based Intelligent Control for Locomotion Control of Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robot |
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128 | (10) |
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138 | (3) |
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6 Force-Based Locomotion Control of Hexapod Robot |
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141 | (28) |
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6.1 Position-Based Force Control for Hydraulically Driven Hexapod Robot Walking on Rough Terrain |
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141 | (15) |
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6.1.1 Case Study: Hydraulically Driven Hexapod Robot Walking on Rough Terrain Issue |
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141 | (4) |
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6.1.2 Compliant Control Using Pull-Back Method and Logical Attitude-Level Terrain Changes Switching for ETT Module |
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145 | (7) |
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6.1.3 Experiment and Verifications |
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152 | (4) |
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6.2 Impedance Control for Hydraulically Driven Hexapod Robot |
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156 | (13) |
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6.2.1 Case Study: Hydraulically Driven Hexapod Robot Walking on Soft Terrain Issue |
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157 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Impedance Control Schemes for Hexapod Robot |
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159 | (3) |
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6.2.3 Experiment and Verification |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (3) |
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7 Impedance Control and Its Adaptive for Hexapod Robot |
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169 | (30) |
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7.1 Optimization of Impedance Control Using Virtual Forces from the Body's Moment of Inertia |
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169 | (10) |
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7.1.1 Experiment and Verification |
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173 | (6) |
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7.2 Optimization of Impedance Control by Self-Tuning Stiffness Using Logical Body's Attitude Control |
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179 | (6) |
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7.2.1 Experiment and Verification |
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181 | (4) |
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7.3 Impedance Forces Input Optimization Using Fuzzy Logic Control |
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185 | (14) |
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7.3.1 Experiment and Verification |
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189 | (7) |
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196 | (3) |
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8 Teleoperated Locomotion Control of Hexapod Robot |
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199 | (38) |
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8.1 Movement Control Methods |
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200 | (1) |
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8.2 COMET-IV System Configuration |
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201 | (2) |
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8.3 OmniDirectional Gait Control Procedure |
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203 | (2) |
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8.4 Teleoperation Assistant System |
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205 | (3) |
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8.5 Ambient Environmental Image View of Robot |
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208 | (4) |
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8.6 Robot Animation Using 3D Geometric Models and Sensor Data |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (2) |
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8.8 COMET-IV 3D Simulator Modeling |
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216 | (13) |
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8.8.1 Walking Trajectory Modeling |
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217 | (4) |
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8.8.2 Environment Modeling |
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221 | (2) |
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8.8.3 Control System Modeling |
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223 | (3) |
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8.8.4 3D Geometric Modeling |
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226 | (3) |
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8.9 Modeling Verification |
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229 | (4) |
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233 | (4) |
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233 | (4) |
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9 Fully Autonomous Locomotion Control of Hexapod Robot with LRF |
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237 | (26) |
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9.1 Advantages of Hexapod Robot and Typical Quadruped Robot |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (5) |
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240 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Grid-Based Environment Modeling |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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9.3 Locomotion Strategies in Stochastic Environment |
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244 | (4) |
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9.3.1 Crossing Over and Ascending an Obstacle or a Step |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (8) |
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9.4.1 Crossing Over an Obstacle: Results and Discussion |
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248 | (3) |
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9.4.2 Crossing Over an Obstacle Longer than 0.6 m: Results and Discussion |
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251 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Ascending and Descending a Cliff: Results and Discussion |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (7) |
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260 | (3) |
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10 Challenges and New Frontiers of Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robots |
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263 | (8) |
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263 | (2) |
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10.2 Mine Detection and Removal |
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265 | (1) |
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10.3 Rescue and Disaster Management Applications |
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266 | (1) |
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10.4 High-Risk Operations |
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266 | (1) |
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10.5 Construction Application |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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10.7 Underwater Operation |
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267 | (1) |
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10.8 Forest-Cutting Machine |
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268 | (1) |
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10.9 A Test Bed for Study and Research of Biological Walking |
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268 | (1) |
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10.10 Other Possible Applications of Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robot |
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268 | (3) |
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269 | (2) |
Index |
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271 | |