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E-raamat: Hyperbranched Polymers for Biomedical Applications

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This book presents a comprehensive study on a new class of branched polymers, known as hyperbranched polymers (HBPs). It discusses in detail the synthesis strategies for these particular classes of polymers as well as biocompatible and biodegradable HBPs, which are of increasing interest to polymer technologists due to their immense potential in biomedical applications. The book also describes the one-pot synthesis technique for HBPs, which is feasible for large-scale production, as well as HBPs’ structure-property relationship, which makes them superior to their linear counterparts.
The alterable functional groups present at the terminal ends of the branches make HBPs promising candidates in the biomedical domain, and the book specifically elaborates on the suitable characteristic properties of each of the potential biological HBPs’ applications. As such, the book offers a valuable reference guide for all scientists and technologists who are interested
in using these newly developed techniques to achieve faster and better treatments.
1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 Introduction to the World of Polymers
1(2)
1.2 Conventional Polymers with Special Reference to Architectural Polymers
3(3)
1.3 Dendrimers: Advantages and Disadvantages
6(3)
1.4 Introduction to Hyperbranched Polymers
9(4)
1.5 Conclusion
13(2)
References
13(2)
2 Part I---Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers: Step-Growth Methods
15(50)
2.1 Introduction to Theoretical Approaches in Hyperbranched Polymerization
15(1)
2.2 Hyperbranched Polymers from ABx-Type Monomers
16(33)
2.2.1 Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions
19(16)
2.2.2 Carbon-Hetero Atom Coupling Reactions
35(14)
2.3 Hyperbranched Polymers from A2 + B3 Monomer Pairs and Other Couple Monomer Methodologies
49(3)
2.4 Drawbacks of Hyperbranched Polymerization Techniques and Possible Remedies
52(5)
2.5 Conclusion
57(8)
References
57(8)
3 Part II---Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers: Mixed Chain-Growth and Step-Growth Methods
65(44)
3.1 Introduction to Simultaneous Step- and Chain-Growth Methodologies
66(1)
3.2 Radical Polymerization
67(5)
3.3 Proton Transfer Polymerization
72(4)
3.4 Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization/Copolymerization, Self-Condensing Ring Opening Polymerization and Controlled/Living Polymerization
76(21)
3.5 Hypergrafting
97(5)
3.5.1 Homogeneous Grafting---Hyperbranched-Graft-Hyperbranched Copolymers
97(1)
3.5.2 Homogeneous Grafting---Linear-Graft-Hyperbranched Copolymers
98(1)
3.5.3 Homogeneous Grafting---Linear-Block-Hyperbranched Copolymers
99(2)
3.5.4 Heterogeneous Grafting
101(1)
3.5.5 Hypergrafting onto Living Cells
102(1)
3.6 Conclusion
102(7)
References
102(7)
4 Structure-Property Relationship of Hyperbranched Polymers
109(26)
4.1 Introduction to Intrinsic Properties of Hyperbranched Polymers
109(1)
4.2 Degree of Branching
110(5)
4.2.1 Determination of DB
110(1)
4.2.2 Methods to Determine DB
111(4)
4.3 Influence of the Branching Architecture on the End Properties
115(1)
4.4 Solution Properties with Special Reference to Hyperbranched Architecture
116(2)
4.5 Molecular Mass and Molar Mass Distribution
118(2)
4.6 Bulk Properties
120(6)
4.6.1 Thermal Properties
120(3)
4.6.2 Rheological Properties
123(3)
4.7 Special Properties Related to Latest Biological Applications
126(6)
4.7.1 Biodegradability and Biocompatibility of Hyperbranched Polymers
126(3)
4.7.2 Self-Assembly of the Hyperbranched Polymers
129(1)
4.7.3 Encapsulation by Hyperbranched Polymers
129(3)
4.8 Conclusion
132(3)
References
132(3)
5 Latest Biomedical Applications of Hyperbranched Polymers: Part 1: As Delivery Vehicle
135(16)
5.1 Introduction to the Concept of Targeted Delivery
135(1)
5.2 Encapsulation Ability of Hyperbranched Polymers
136(2)
5.3 Hyperbranched Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery
138(3)
5.4 Hyperbranched Polymers in Protein Delivery
141(2)
5.5 Hyperbranched Polymers in Gene Delivery
143(6)
5.6 Conclusion
149(2)
References
149(2)
6 Part II: In Bioimaging
151(14)
6.1 Introduction to Diagnosis via Bioimaging
151(1)
6.2 Hyperbranched Polymers as Fluorescent Probes
152(4)
6.3 Hyperbranched Polymers as MRI Contrast Agents
156(2)
6.4 Hyperbranched Polymers in Nuclear Tomographic Imaging
158(2)
6.5 Hyperbranched Polymers for Multimodal Imaging
160(3)
6.6 Conclusion
163(2)
References
163(2)
7 Part III: Tissue Engineering
165(12)
7.1 Introduction
165(1)
7.2 Hyperbranched Polymers as Tissue Scaffold Component
165(7)
7.3 Hyperbranched Polymers as Cell and Tissue Adhesives
172(3)
7.4 Conclusion
175(2)
References
175(2)
8 Conclusion
177
Dr. Abhijit Bandyopadhyay holds an M.Tech and Ph.D. in Polymer Science and Technology and is currently Head of the Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta. He is also a Technical Director at the South Asian Rubber & Polymers Park (SARPOL) in West Bengal, India. He is a former Assistant Professor of the Rubber Technology Centre at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), India. He has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has published more than 75 research papers in high-impact international journals, four book chapters, one book and holds one Indian patent. He has received numerous awards, including the Young Scientist Award from the Materials Research Society of India, Calcutta Chapter; the Young Scientist Award from the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India; and the Career Award for Young Teachers from the All India Council for Technical Education, Government of India. He is a life member of the Society for Polymer Science, India, Associate Life Member of the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers and a Fellow of the International Congress of Environmental Research. He also serves on the Editorial Boards of various international journals. Ms. Srijoni Sengupta is a research scholar at the Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, India. She received her initial degree in Chemistry (Hons) from Lady Brabourne College (Kolkata) in 2010 before completing her B.Tech (2013) and M.Tech (2015) in Polymer Science and Technology at the University of Calcutta. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. on the Synthesis, Study of Structure-Property Relationships and Potential Applications of Hyperbranched Polymers via Polycondensation Technique. She has published a number of papers in research journals and is presently engaged in an INSPIRE Fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Ms. Tamalika Dasgraduated in Chemistry (Hons) from Scottish Church College (Kolkata) in 2008. She subsequently completed her B.Tech (2011) and M.Tech (2013) degrees at the Department of Polymer Science and Technology at the University of Calcutta. She was awarded the gold medal from the University of Calcutta twice (during both her B.Tech and M.Tech). She did her M.Tech project at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (Kolkata). Currently, she is pursuing her doctoral research at the Department of Polymer Science and Technology at the University of Calcutta. Her main area of interest is hyperbranched polymers. She has published one paper in a high-impact international journal and is currently engaged in an INSPIRE Fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.