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E-raamat: Impactful Times: Memories of 60 Years of Shock Wave Research at Sandia National Laboratories

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This book presents a history of shock compression science, including development of experimental, material modeling, and hydrodynamics code technologies over the past six decades at Sandia National Laboratories. The book is organized into a discussion of major accomplishments by decade with over 900 references, followed by a unique collection of 45 personal recollections detailing the trials, tribulations, and successes of building a world-class organization in the field. It explains some of the challenges researchers faced and the gratification they experienced when a discovery was made. Several visionary researchers made pioneering advances that integrated these three technologies into a cohesive capability to solve complex scientific and engineering problems. What approaches worked, which ones did not, and the applications of the research are described. Notable applications include the turret explosion aboard the USS Iowa and the Shoemaker-Levy comet impact on Jupiter. The pers

onal anecdotes and recollections make for a fascinating account of building a world-renowned capability from meager beginnings.This book will be inspiring to the expert, the non expert, and the early-career scientist. Undergraduate and graduate students in science and engineering who are contemplating different fields of study should find it especially compelling.

Preface.- Acknowledgments.- Part I Building Shock Wave Capabilities.- Introduction.- The 1950s - Origins.- The 1960s - Explosive Growth.- The 1970s - New Opportunities.- The 1980s - Heady Times.- The 1990s - Black Monday.- The 2000s - A New Millennium.- Looking to the Future.- Part II Memories of Shock Wave Research.- James A. Ang.- James R. Asay.- Melvin R. Baer.- Lynn M. Barker.- Mark B. Boslough.- Barry M. Butcher.- Albert J. Chabai.- Lalit C. Chhabildas.- Michael J. Desjarlais.- George E. Duvall (A Tribute by the Editors).- Michael D. Furnish.- Dennis E. Grady.- Robert A. Graham (Recollections of William J. Nellis and Tribute by the Editors).- Thomas A. Haill.- Clint A. Hall.- Dennis B. Hayes.- Walter Herrmann (in Memoriam by Orval E. Jones).- Eugene S. Hertel, Jr.- Roy (Red) Hollenbach.- James N. Johnson.- Orval E. Jones (A Tribute by the Editors).- Charles H. Karnes.- James E. Kennedy.- Marlin E. Kipp.- Marcus D. Knudson.- Carl H. Konrad.- R. Jeffery Lawrence.- Raymond W. Le

mke.- C. Donald Lundergan.- Peter C. Lysne.- J. Michael McGlaun.- Steven T. Montgomery.- Bruno Morosin.- Darrell Munson.- Raymond P. Reed.- William D. Reinhart.- George A. Samara (in Memoriam by Alton D. Romig, Jr. and Robert A. Graham).- Karl W. Schuler.- Herbert J. Sutherland.- Samuel L. Thompson (A Tribute by J. Michael McClaun: An Enduring Nationwide Impact).- Wayne M. Trott.- Timothy G. Trucano.- Tracy J. Vogler.- Jack L. Wise.- Bibliography.- List of Acronyms.- Indices.- Index of Key Terms.- Index of Names of Individuals.
Part I Building Shock Wave Capabilities
1 Introduction
3(16)
1.1 Sandia's Roots
3(3)
1.2 Science and Engineering
6(3)
1.3 Building Capability in Shock Wave Research
9(7)
1.3.1 Advances in Experimental, Diagnostic, and Modeling Capabilities
10(3)
1.3.2 Advances and Applications of Computational Capabilities
13(3)
1.4 Book Organization
16(3)
2 The 1950s: Origins
19(30)
2.1 Background
19(8)
2.2 Component and System Requirements
27(2)
2.3 Nuclear Testing and Shock Wave Research
29(2)
2.4 Explosive Methods for Shock Wave Research
31(3)
2.5 Development of Precision Impact Launchers
34(7)
2.6 A Family of Innovative Impact Launchers at Sandia
41(3)
2.7 People and Places of the 1950s
44(5)
3 The 1960s: Explosive Growth
49(36)
3.1 Background
49(2)
3.2 Time-Resolved Stress Measurements
51(5)
3.3 Time-Resolved Particle Velocity Measurements
56(7)
3.4 Elastic-Plastic Materials
63(2)
3.5 Shock-Induced Spallation
65(2)
3.6 Viscoelastic Materials
67(2)
3.7 Porous Materials (Foams)
69(3)
3.8 Computational Capabilities
72(3)
3.9 Answering DOD's Needs
75(4)
3.10 People and Places of the 1960s
79(6)
4 The 1970s: New Opportunities
85(42)
4.1 Background
85(1)
4.2 Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector
86(4)
4.3 Shock-Induced Phase Transitions
90(3)
4.4 Two-Dimensional Computer Codes
93(2)
4.5 Composites and Mixtures
95(2)
4.6 Damage-Based Spallation Models
97(2)
4.7 Geological Materials: Oil Shale
99(1)
4.8 Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Materials
100(1)
4.9 Third-Order Elastic Constants
101(1)
4.10 Pressure-Shear Loading
102(3)
4.11 Shock Rise Time and the Fourth Power Law
105(2)
4.12 Acceleration Waves
107(1)
4.13 Shock Thermodynamics Applied Research Facility
108(4)
4.14 Mass Ejecta from Shocked Surfaces
112(1)
4.15 Energetic Materials
113(5)
4.16 People and Places of the 1970s
118(9)
5 The 1980s: Heady Times
127(44)
5.1 Background
127(1)
5.2 High-Pressure Material Strength
128(3)
5.3 Three-Stage Railgun for the Strategic Defense Initiative
131(3)
5.4 Metallization of Hydrogen on the Two-Stage Gun
134(1)
5.5 Graded-Density Impactor for "Soft," or Ramp, Impact
135(3)
5.6 The Sandia HyperVelocity Launcher
138(4)
5.7 Generalized Fragmentation Theories
142(4)
5.8 Laser Windows for Mbar Profile Studies
146(3)
5.9 Shock-Induced Solid State Chemistry
149(2)
5.10 Piezoelectric Polymers for the Bauer Shock Gauge
151(2)
5.11 High-Fidelity Ferroelectric Models
153(2)
5.12 CTH: A Robust 3-D Hydrodynamic Code
155(3)
5.13 Turret Explosion Onboard the USS Iowa
158(3)
5.14 People and Places of the 1980s
161(10)
6 The 1990s: Black Monday
171(44)
6.1 Background
171(5)
6.2 Kinetic Energy Kill for Theater Missile Defense
176(4)
6.3 Space Debris Impact on the International Space Station
180(2)
6.4 The DOD/DOE Memorandum of Understanding
182(1)
6.5 Mesoscale Modeling
183(4)
6.6 Line VISAR for Mesoscale Studies
187(3)
6.7 MAVEN: Model Accreditation via Experimental Sciences for Nuclear Weapons
190(2)
6.8 Underground Testing on Subcritical Experiments
192(4)
6.9 The Role of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative in Shock Wave Research
196(2)
6.10 The Shoemaker-Levy Comet Impact on Jupiter at 60 km/s
198(6)
6.11 ALEGRA: The Next-Generation Hydrodynamic Code
204(4)
6.12 People and Places of the 1990s
208(7)
7 The 2000s: A New Millennium
215(48)
7.1 Background
215(5)
7.2 Development of Shock Wave Capabilities on Z
220(3)
7.3 Ramp Loading to Multi-Megabars
223(5)
7.4 Magnetically-Driven Hypervelocity Flyer Plates
228(8)
7.5 Ab Initio Equation of State Theories
236(3)
7.6 Containment of Toxic Materials
239(4)
7.7 Compact Pulser: Veloce
243(2)
7.8 Magnetically Applied Pressure Shear (MAPS)
245(2)
7.9 STAR in the New Millennium
247(7)
7.9.1 Effects of Shear Stress on Granular Material Compaction
247(2)
7.9.2 Reverse Taylor Impact Studies
249(3)
7.9.3 Shock-Induced Vaporization: Kinetic Effects
252(2)
7.10 People and Places of the 2000s
254(9)
8 Looking to the Future
263(12)
8.1 Looking Back
263(6)
8.2 Looking Forward
269(6)
Part II Memories of Shock Wave Research
9 Memories of Shock Wave Research at Sandia
275(320)
James A. Ang
276(4)
James R. Asay
280(26)
Melvin R. Baer
306(14)
Lynn M. Barker
320(9)
Mark B. Boslough
329(12)
Barry M. Butcher
341(9)
Albert J. Chabai
350(3)
Lalit C. Chhabildas
353(24)
Michael P. Desjarlais
377(2)
George E. Duvall (A Tribute by the Editors)
379(3)
Michael D. Furnish
382(11)
Dennis E. Grady
393(3)
Robert A. Graham (Recollections of William J. Nellis and Tribute by the Editors)
396(5)
Thomas A. Haill
401(7)
Clint A. Hall
408(12)
Dennis B. Hayes
420(4)
Walter Herrmann (in Memoriam by Orval E. Jones)
424(3)
Eugene S. Hertel, Jr.
427(7)
Roy (Red) E. Hollenbach
434(1)
James N. Johnson
435(3)
Orval E. Jones (A Tribute by the Editors)
438(3)
Charles H. Karnes
441(1)
James E. Kennedy
442(7)
Marlin E. Kipp
449(13)
Marcus D. Knudson
462(8)
Carl H. Konrad
470(10)
R. Jeffery Lawrence
480(8)
Raymond W. Lemke
488(7)
C. Donald Lundergan
495(7)
Peter C. Lysne
502(1)
J. Michael McGlaun
503(10)
Stephen T. Montgomery
513(8)
Bruno Morosin
521(6)
Darrell E. Munson
527(9)
Ray P. Reed
536(11)
William D. Reinhart
547(4)
George A. Samara
551(5)
Alton D. Romig, Jr.
Robert A. Graham
Karl W. Schuler
556(6)
Herbert J. Sutherland
562(2)
Samuel L. Thompson
564(3)
J. Michael McGlaun
Wayne M. Trott
567(5)
Timothy G. Trucano
572(11)
Tracy J. Vogler
583(6)
Jack L. Wise
589(6)
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 595(6)
Bibliography 601(46)
Index of Names of Individuals 647(10)
Index of Terms 657