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E-raamat: Implicatures

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(Université de Genève), , (Universität Bern, Switzerland)
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An accessible and thorough introduction to implicatures, a key topic in all frameworks of pragmatics. Starting with a definition of the various types of implicatures in Gricean, neo-Gricean and post-Gricean pragmatics, the book covers many important questions for current pragmatic theories, namely: the distinction between explicit and implicit forms of pragmatic enrichment, the criteria for drawing a line between semantic and pragmatic meaning, the relations between the structure of language (syntax) and its use (pragmatics), the social and cognitive factors underlying the use of implicatures by native speakers, and the factors influencing their acquisition for children and second language learners. Written in non-technical language, Implicatures will appeal to students and teachers in linguistics, applied linguistics, psychology and sociology, who are interested in how language is used for communication, and how children and learners develop pragmatic skills.

An accessible and thorough introduction to implicatures, a key topic in pragmatics. It will appeal to students and teachers in linguistics, applied linguistics, psychology and sociology, who are interested in how language is used for communication, and how children and second language learners develop pragmatic skills.

Arvustused

' will be indispensable for those focussing on implicatures in teaching or research. Most helpful is its consideration of implicatures from within the three different frameworks. I commend the authors for this useful contribution to the field of pragmatics.' Todd A. Scacewater, Journal of Language, Culture, and Religion 'Given the extent to which Implicatures manages not only to provide a concise overview of the topic, but also to introduce novel perspectives in relation to it, it is bound to become an indispensable resource for both newcomers and established researchers in these fields. I am certain that several of its main arguments have a real potential to push our understanding of the issues that surround this notoriously elusive, but at the same time all too interesting, category of linguistic meaning even further.' Stavros Assimakopoulos, Language

Muu info

Offers an accessible and thorough introduction to implicatures in pragmatics, and its interfaces with language and cognition.
List of Figures
ix
List of Tables
x
Preface xi
Part I Theoretical Foundations
1(66)
1 Ordinary Language Philosophy and the Birth of Pragmatics
3(19)
1.1 Introduction
3(2)
1.2 Paul Grice's Contribution to Pragmatics
5(6)
1.2.1 Meaning
5(2)
1.2.2 Implicature
7(4)
1.3 Properties of Implicatures
11(5)
1.4 Problems with the Gricean Approach
16(3)
1.5 Summary
19(3)
2 Linguistic Theory and Pragmatics
22(23)
2.1 Introduction
22(2)
2.2 Pragmatics and the Chomskyan Revolution in Linguistics
24(9)
2.2.1 Pragmatics as Performance
24(4)
2.2.2 Reference and Illocutionary Force as Theoretical Issues
28(3)
2.2.3 I-Language, E-Language and Pragmatics
31(2)
2.3 The Cognitive Linguistic Trend, Its Origin and Domains
33(8)
2.3.1 The Cognitive Linguistics Paradigm
34(4)
2.3.2 The Conceptual Semantics Paradigm
38(3)
2.4 Two Models of Communication
41(2)
2.5 Summary
43(2)
3 Relevance Theory and the Broadening of Pragmatics to Explicit Meaning
45(22)
3.1 Introduction
45(2)
3.2 The Cognitive Principle of Relevance
47(4)
3.3 The Communicative Principle of Relevance
51(5)
3.4 The Pragmatics of Explicit Communication
56(3)
3.5 Relevance Theory and Implicit Communication
59(3)
3.6 Ad Hoc Concepts and Lexical Pragmatics
62(3)
3.7 Summary
65(2)
Part II Types of Implicature
67(276)
4 Particularized Conversational Implicatures: Why There Are Conversational Implicatures
69(19)
4.1 Introduction
69(1)
4.2 Metaphors as Implicit Communication
70(3)
4.3 Neither the Gricean nor the Relevance-Theoretic Accounts Can Explain the Existence of Conversational Implicatures
73(4)
4.4 Recovering Strongly Communicated Implicatures despite the Principle of Cooperation
77(2)
4.5 The Possibility of Denial
79(5)
4.6 Speaker's Commitment and Hearer's Epistemic Vigilance
84(2)
4.7 Summary
86(2)
5 Conventional Implicature and Presupposition: Formal Semantics and Pragmatics
88(23)
5.1 Introduction
88(1)
5.2 The Gricean Notion of Conventional Implicature
89(6)
5.3 Semantic Presupposition
95(1)
5.3.1 A Brief History of Semantic Presupposition
95(2)
5.3.2 The Issue with the Semantic Account of Presuppositions
97(3)
5.4 A Pragmatic Account of Presupposition
100(3)
5.5 Presuppositions as Implicatures
103(2)
5.6 Presuppositions, Conventional Implicatures and Common Ground
105(2)
5.7 The Projection Issue
107(2)
5.8 Summary
109(2)
6 Generalized Conversational Implicatures: Gricean, Neo-Gricean and Post-Gricean Pragmatics
111(1)
6.1 Introduction
111(1)
6.2 Gazdar's Interpretation of Generalized Quantitative Implicatures
112(6)
6.3 Horn's Scales and the Logical Properties of Scalar Implicatures
118(6)
6.4 I-Implicatures
124(6)
6.5 The Gricean Circle
130(3)
6.6 Implicatures or Explicatures?
133(2)
6.7 Return to Grice
135(3)
6.8 Summary
138(5)
Part III Empirical Evidence
143(1)
7 Implicatures and Language Processing
143(1)
7.1 Introduction
143(1)
7.2 Pragmatic Theories and the Processing of Implicatures
144(4)
7.3 Are Implicatures Costly to Process?
148(9)
7.3.1 Results from Off-Line Measures of Sentence Processing
148(4)
7.3.2 Results from On-Line Measures of Sentence Processing
152(5)
7.4 Processing Generalized Versus Particularized Implicatures
157(2)
7.5 The Role of Speaker Knowledge and Conversational Relevance for the Derivation of Implicatures
159(4)
7.6 Politeness Factors Influencing the Derivation of Scalar Implicatures
163(1)
7.7 Summary
164(3)
8 The Acquisition of Implicatures in the Course of First Language Development
167(1)
8.1 Introduction
167(1)
8.2 Children's Developing Sensitivity to the Maxims of Conversation
168(5)
8.3 The Acquisition of Relevance Implicatures
173(2)
8.4 The Acquisition of Scalar Implicatures
175(1)
8.4.1 The Influence of Experimental Design on Children's Ability to Derive Scalar Implicatures
176(3)
8.4.2 Do Children Derive Generalized Implicatures Earlier Than Particularized Implicatures?
179(4)
8.4.3 Why Are Scalar Implicatures Difficult for Children?
183(2)
8.5 The Acquisition of Implicatures in Atypical Development
185(3)
8.6 Summary
188(3)
9 Implicatures and Second Language Acquisition
191(1)
9.1 Introduction
191(1)
9.2 Implicatures across Languages and Cultures
192(3)
9.3 Do Learners Derive Implicatures in L2?
195(5)
9.4 Factors Influencing Learners' Ability to Derive Implicatures
200(6)
9.4.1 What Makes Some Implicatures Harder Than Others for Learners?
200(3)
9.4.2 Why Do Some Learners Understand Implicatures Better Than Others?
203(3)
9.5 Similarities and Differences between LI and L2 Acquisition
206(2)
9.6 Summary
208(3)
Conclusion 211(10)
Glossary 221(4)
References 225(20)
Index 245
Sandrine Zufferey is full professor of French linguistics at the Universität Bern, Switzerland. Jacques Moeschler is full professor of French Linguistics at the Department of Linguistics, Université de Genève, Switzerland. Anne Reboul is a senior researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris.
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