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E-raamat: Industrial Communication Systems

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  • Formaat: 962 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Oct-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781439802823
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Industrial Communication SystemsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 962 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Oct-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781439802823
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook, Second Edition, Industrial Communications Systems combines traditional and newer, more specialized knowledge that helps industrial electronics engineers develop practical solutions for the design and implementation of high-power applications. Embracing the broad technological scope of the field, this collection explores fundamental areas, including analog and digital circuits, electronics, electromagnetic machines, signal processing, and industrial control and communications systems. It also facilitates the use of intelligent systemssuch as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary methodsin terms of a hierarchical structure that makes factory control and supervision more efficient by addressing the needs of all production components.

Enhancing its value, this fully updated collection presents research and global trends as published in the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Journal, one of the largest and most respected publications in the field. Modern communication systems in factories use many differentand increasingly sophisticatedsystems to send and receive information. Industrial Communication Systems spans the full gamut of concepts that engineers require to maintain a well-designed, reliable communications system that can ensure successful operation of any production process.

Delving into the subject, this volume covers:











Technical principles Application-specific areas Technologies Internet programming Outlook, including trends and expected challenges

Other volumes in the set:











Fundamentals of Industrial Electronics Power Electronics and Motor Drives Control and Mechatronics Intelligent Systems
Preface xiii
Preambles xv
Acknowledgments xxiii
Editorial Board xxv
Editors xxvii
Contributors xxxi
PART I Technical Principles
1 ISO/OSI Model
1(1)
Gerhard Zucker
Dietmar Dietrich
Introduction
Open Standard
Vertical and Horizontal Communication
Dynamic Behavior of Services and Protocols
Extensions, Benefits, and Discussion
References
2 Media
2(1)
Herbert Schweinzer
Saleem Farooq Shaukat
Holger Arthaber
2.1 Introduction
1(1)
2.2 Wired Links
1(6)
Physical Properties
Cable Types and Operational Characteristics
Single-Ended and Differential Transmission
Simplex and Duplex Communication Bit Encoding
Standards
Data Transmission Utilizing Existing Cable Infrastructure
2.3 Optical Links
7(4)
Physical Properties
Types and Media Access
Transmitters and Receivers
Multiplexing Implementations and Standards
2.4 Wireless Links
11(6)
Physical Properties
Types and Media Access
Modulation
Bit Coding, Multiplexing
Realizations and Standards
References
17
3 Media Access Methods
3(1)
Herbert Haas
Manfred Lindner
3.1 Introduction
1(1)
3.2 Full-Duplex Media Access
2(1)
3.3 Synchronous Access Arbitration Concepts
3(1)
Static Timeslot Mechanisms
Dynamic Timeslot Mechanisms
3.4 Statistic Access Arbitration Concepts
3(1)
Aloha Mechanisms
Pure Aloha
Slotted Aloha
3.5 Carrier Sense Mechanisms with Exponential Backoff
4(2)
Using Collision Detection
Using Collision Avoidance
Token Mechanisms
Polling Mechanisms
3.6 Other Media Access Issues
6(1)
Access Fairness
Access Priorities
Quality of Service
Hidden Stations
References
7
4 Routing in Wireless Networks
4(1)
Teresa Albero-Albero
Victor-M. Sempere-Paya
4.1 Introduction
1(3)
4.2 Routing Protocols and Classification
4(1)
4.3 Routing Protocol Families for Ad Hoc Networks
5(1)
Proactive Routing Protocols
Reactive Routing Protocols
4.4 Routing Protocol Families for Wireless Sensor Networks
6(1)
Flat Routing Protocols
Hierarchical Routing Protocols
Location-Based Routing Protocols
4.5 Summary of the Main Routing Protocols in Wireless Networks
7(6)
Optimized Link-State Routing Protocol
Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse Path Forwarding
Dynamic Source Routing Protocol
Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol
Dynamic MANET On-Demand Routing Protocol
Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation
Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy
Geographic Adaptive Fidelity
4.6 Conclusions
13(1)
Acknowledgment
14(1)
Abbreviations
14(1)
References
14
5 Profiles and Interoperability
5(1)
Gerhard Zucker
Heinz Frank
5.1 Interoperating Components
1(3)
5.2 Application of Profiles
4(2)
Function Blocks of IEC 61499
Functional Profiles in LON
Logical Nodes of the IEC 61850
5.3 Achieving Interoperability
6(1)
References
7
6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
6(1)
Vehbi Cagri Gungor
Gerhard P. Hancke
6.1 Applications
2(1)
Factory Automation
Building Automation
Industrial Process Automation
Inventory Management
Utility Automation
Automatic Meter Reading
6.2 Standardization Activities
3(2)
ZigBee
Wireless Hart
IETF 6loWPAN
Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy
Ultra-Wideband
6.3 Technical Challenges
5(1)
6.4 Design Goals
6(1)
6.5 Design Principles and Technical Approaches
7(5)
Hardware Development
Software Development
System Architecture and Protocol Design
6.6 Conclusions and Future Work
12(1)
References
13
7 Ad Hoc Networks
7(1)
Sajjad Ahmad Madani
Shahid Khattak
Tariq Jadoon
Shahzad Sarwar
7.1 Introduction
1(3)
Principles and Benefits
Applications
Ad Hoc Network Characteristic
Enabling Technologies
7.2 Protocol Stack
4(4)
Transport Layer
Network Layer
MAC Layer
Physical Layer
7.3 Performance Evaluation
8(1)
7.4 Challenges and Issues
9(2)
Quality-of-Service
Energy Management
Topology and Connectivity
Security
References
11
8 Radio Frequency Identification
8(1)
Edward Kai-Ning Yung
Pui-Yi Lau
Chi-Wai Leung
8.1 Prologue
2(1)
8.2 Bar Code System
3(1)
8.3 Magnetic Stripes
4(1)
8.4 Smart Card
5(1)
8.5 Proximity Card
6(1)
8.6 HF RFID
6(1)
8.7 Electronic Cash
7(1)
8.8 Personal Identity
7(1)
8.9 Innovation verus Hi-Tech
8(1)
8.10 Active RFID
8(1)
8.11 Wake-Up Technology
8(2)
8.12 Semi-Active RFID
10(1)
8.13 Backscattering
11(1)
8.14 Initialization
11(1)
8.15 Vicinity Card
12(1)
8.16 Frequency Selection
12(1)
8.17 UHF RFID
13(1)
8.18 Supply Chain Management
13(1)
8.19 International Standard
14(1)
8.20 Promiscuity
14(1)
8.21 National Standards
15(1)
8.22 Hands-Free Bar Code System
16(1)
8.23 Bar Code Mentality
16(2)
8.24 Affordable Tag
18(1)
8.25 Ubiquity of RFID
18(2)
8.26 Role Reversal
20(1)
8.27 Historical Development
20(1)
8.28 Privacy Infringement
20(1)
8.29 Recent Developments
21(1)
8.30 Dual Authentication
22(1)
8.31 Trace-and-Track
23(1)
8.32 Innovative Applications
23(3)
8.33 Nonionization Radiation
26(1)
8.34 Era of Artificial Perception
27(1)
Abbreviations
28(1)
References
29
9 RFID Technology and Its Industrial Applications
9(1)
Vidyasagar Potdar
Atif Sharif
Elizabeth Chang
9.1 Introduction
1(1)
9.2 RFID Architecture
2(2)
RFID Tags
RFID Readers
RFID Antenna
RFID Middleware
9.3 Item Tracking and Tracing
4(4)
Baggage Tracking
Library Book Tracking
Animal Tracking
Hospital Equipment Tracking
Patient Tracking
Newborn Baby Tracking
Tracking Children
Golf Ball Tracking
Crowd Control
9.4 Access Control
8(2)
Family Access to Babies in Neonatal Car
Vehicle Identification
9.5 Anticounterfeiting
10(2)
Electronic Drug Pedigree
Bank Notes
Secure Passports and Visas
Automobile Parts
9.6 Conclusion
12(1)
References
12
10 Ultralow-Power Wireless Communication
10(1)
Joern Ploennigs
Volodymyr Vasyutynskyy
Klaus Kobitzsch
10.1 Introduction
1(1)
10.2 Hardware Approaches
2(2)
Overview
Energy Harvesting
10.3 Communication Protocol Approaches
4(2)
10.4 Application Layer Approaches
6(2)
10.5 Conclusion and Open Topics
8(1)
References
9(2)
11 Industrial Strength Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network Technology
11(1)
Vidyasagar Potdar
Atif Sharif
Elizabeth Chang
11.1 Introduction
1(1)
11.2 Wireless Sensor Network
2(2)
WSN System Requirements
Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
11.3 WMSN Architecture
4(2)
Single-Tier Flat Architecture
Single-Tier Clustered Architecture
Multitier Architecture
11.4 WMSN Hardware
6(2)
Low-Resolution WMSN Motes
Medium-Resolution WMSN Motes
High-Resolution WMSN Motes
11.5 Applications of WMSNs
8(2)
Surveillance
Traffic Monitoring
Personal and Health Care
Habitat Monitoring
Target Tracking
11.6 WMSNs' Technical Challenges
10(2)
WMSN Application-Specific QoS Requirement
Scalable and Flexible Architectures and Protocols to Support Heterogeneous Applications
High Bandwidth
Localized Processing and Data Fusion
Energy-Efficient Design
Reliability and Fault Tolerance
Multimedia Coverage
Integration with IP and Various Other Wireless Technologies
11.7 Conclusion
12(1)
References
12(1)
12 A Survey of Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Applications
12(1)
Stig Petersen
Simon Carlsen
12.1 Introduction
1(1)
12.2 Wireless Sensor Network Basics
2(1)
Wireless Sensor Node
Wireless Sensor Network Stack
12.3 Motivation and Drivers for Wireless Instrumentation
3(1)
12.4 Industrial Applications and Requirements
4(2)
Standardized Solutions
Reliable Network Performance
Battery Lifetime
Friendly Coexistence with Wireless Local Area Networks
Security
Operation in Harsh and Hazardous Environments
12.5 Technology Survey and Evaluation
6(3)
IEEE Std 802.15.4
ZigBee
WirelessHART
ISA-100
Coexistence in the 2.4 GHz Band
12.6 Conclusion
9(1)
Abbreviations
9(1)
References
9(4)
13 Vertical Integration
13(1)
Thilo Sauter
Stefan Soucek
Martin Wollschlaeger
13.1 Introduction
1(1)
13.2 Historical Background
2(2)
13.3 Network Interconnections
4(3)
13.4 Application View
7(1)
13.5 Security Aspects in Vertical Integration
8(2)
13.6 Trends in Vertical Integration
10(1)
Abbreviations
11(1)
References
12(2)
14 Multimedia Service Convergence
14(1)
Alex Talevski
14.1 Introduction
1(1)
14.2 Background
2(1)
Computer Telephony Integration
Voice over Internet Protocol
Interactive Voice Response Telecom
14.3 Service-Oriented Architecture
3(2)
Service Meta Architectures
14.4 Tailorability
5(1)
14.5 Multimedia Convergence Using Service Architecture
5(6)
Converged Services
MC2 Interact Reconfigurable Convergence Architecture
Converged Voice Plugins
14.6 Conclusion
11(1)
References
12(3)
15 Virtual Automation Networks
15(1)
Peter Neumann
Ralf Messerschmidt
15.1 Introduction
1(2)
15.2 Virtual Automation Network: Basics
3(4)
Domains
Components
VAN System Architecture
15.3 Name-Based Addressing and Routing, Runtime Tunnel Establishment
7(2)
15.4 Maintenance of the Runtime Tunnel Based on Quality-of-Service Monitoring and Provider Switching
9(2)
15.5 VAN Telecontrol Profile
11(2)
Abbreviations
13(1)
Reference
14(2)
16 Industrial Agent Technology
16(1)
Aleksey Bratukhin
Yoseba Pena Landaburu
Paulo Leitao
Rainer Unland
16.1 Introduction
1(1)
16.2 Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
2(4)
Intelligent Agents Definition
Multi-Agent Systems
Ontologies
Self-Organization and Emergence
The Holonic Paradigm
Holonic Multi-Agent Systems
How Agents Can Be Implemented
16.3 Agents and Multi-Agent Systems in Industry
6(1)
16.4 Application Areas
6(6)
Resource Handling
Order Handling
Comparison
Challenges of Industrial Agents' Usage
Other Application Areas in Brief
16.5 Agents and Multi-Agent Systems in Industry: Conclusions
12(1)
Abbreviations
13(1)
References
13(4)
17 Real-Time Systems
17(1)
Lucia Lo Bello
Jose Alberto Fonseca
Wilfried Elmenreich
17.1 Introduction on Real-Time Systems
1(3)
Definition
Real-Time Constraints Characterization
Typical Application Domains
Real-Time Scheduling and Relevant Metrics
17.2 Real-Time Communication
4(3)
Deterministic vs. Statistical Communication
Best Effort vs. Guaranteed Service
Performance Metrics
Analytical Methods to Assess Performance of Real-Time Networks
17.3 Design Paradigms for Real-Time Systems
7(2)
Centralized vs. Distributed Architectures
Composability and Scalability
Time-Triggered vs. Event-Triggered Systems
Comparison of the Real-Time Support Provided by Notable Approaches
17.4 Design Challenges in Real-Time Industrial Communication Systems
9(1)
Real-Time and Security
Real-Time and Flexibility
Offering Real-Time Support to Wireless Communication
References
10(8)
18 Clock Synchronization in Distributed Systems
18(1)
Georg Gaderer
Patrick Loschmidt
18.1 Introduction
1(1)
18.2 Precision Time Protocol
1(1)
18.3 IEEE 1588 System Model
2(1)
18.4 Service Access Points
3(1)
18.5 Ordinary Clocks
3(1)
18.6 Boundary Clocks
4(1)
18.7 Precision Time Protocol, IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2)
5(1)
18.8 Network Time Protocol
6(1)
18.9 Network Time Protocol Strata
7(1)
18.10 Architecture, Protocol, and Algorithms
8(1)
18.11 NTP Clock Synchronization Hardware Requirements
8(1)
18.12 Synchronization Algorithms of NTP
8(2)
References
10(9)
19 Quality of Service
19(1)
Gabriel Diaz Orueta
Elio San Cristobal Ruiz
Nuria Oliva Alonso
Manuel Castro Gil
19.1 Introduction
1(2)
19.2 Relationship with Information Security Topics
3(1)
19.3 Quality of Service for IP Networks
4(7)
Integrated Services (IntServ) Model
Differentiated Services (DiffServ) Model
Classification and Marking
Queuing and Congestion Management
19.4 Special Considerations for Managing the Quality of Service
11(3)
Congestion Avoidance
High Availability Solutions for the Routers
References
14(6)
20 Network-Based Control
20(1)
Josep M. Fuertes
Mo-Yuen Chow
Ricard Villa
Rachana Gupta
Jordi Ayza
20.1 Introduction
1(1)
20.2 Mutual Concepts in Control and in Communications
2(1)
20.3 Architecture of Networked-Based Control
2(4)
Connection Types
20.4 Network Effects in Control Performance
6(1)
20.5 Design in NBC
6(1)
Design Constraints in the Network Side
Design Constraints in the Control Side
Network and Control Co-Design
20.6 Summary
7(1)
References
8(13)
21 Functional Safety
21(1)
Thomas Novak
Andreas Gerstinger
21.1 Introduction
1(1)
21.2 The Meaning of Safety
1(1)
21.3 Safety Standards
2(2)
Overview of Safety Standards
Basics of IEC61508
21.4 The Safety Lifecycle and Safety Methods
4(4)
Generic Lifecycle
HAZOP
FMEA
Fault Tree
Analysis Safety Cases
21.5 Safety Approach for Industrial Communication System
8(7)
Overview of Safety-Related Systems
Hazard and Risk Analysis
Failure Mitigation
Acronyms
15(1)
References
15(7)
22 Security in Industrial Communication Systems
22(1)
Wolfgang Granzer
Albert Treytl
22.1 Introduction to Security in Industrial Communication
1(2)
22.2 Planned Approach to Security: Defense in Depth
3(1)
22.3 Security Measures to Counteract Network Attacks
4(5)
Virtual Private Networks
Firewalls
Cryptography
DoS Prevention and Detection
22.4 Security Measures to Counteract Device Attacks
9(3)
Protected Hardware and Security Token
Secure Software Environments
22.5 State of the Art in Automation Systems
12(3)
Security in Building Automation Systems
Security in Industrial Communication
Security in IP-Based Networks
Security in Wireless Communication Systems
22.6 Outlook and Conclusion
15(1)
Abbreviations
15(1)
References
16(7)
23 Secure Communication Using Chaos Synchronization
23(1)
Yan-Wu Wang
Changyun Wen
23.1 Introduction
1(1)
23.2 Chaos Synchronization
2(6)
Feedback Control for Chaos Synchronization via Partial States
Adaptive Control for Chaos Synchronization via Partial States
Impulsive Control for Chaos Synchronization via Partial States
Practical Impulsive Synchronization of Chaotic Systems with Parametric Uncertainty and Mismatch
23.3 Secure Communication Using Chaos Synchronization
8(5)
Secure Communication Schema
The Encrypter
The Decrypter
Synchronization Time Estimation
Implementation
References
13(11)
PART II Application-Specific Areas
24 Embedded Networks in Civilian Aircraft Avionics Systems
24(1)
Christian Fraboul
Fabrice Frances
Jean-Luc Scharbarg
24.1 Introduction
1(1)
24.2 Avionics Systems Evolution and ARINC Context
2(1)
24.3 Classic Avionics and ARINC 429
3(1)
24.4 Integrated Modular Avionics
4(1)
24.5 ARINC 629 Multiplexed Data Bus
5(2)
Basic Protocol
Combined Protocol
24.6 ARINC 664: Avionics Full-Duplex Ethernet
7(6)
Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet
The ARINC 664 Standard
Virtual Link Paradigm
Virtual Link Properties
Network Redundancy for Safety and Fault Tolerance
24.7 AFDX End-to-End Delay Analysis
13(1)
24.8 Conclusion
13(1)
Abbreviations
14(1)
References
15(10)
25 Process Automation
25(1)
Alois Zoitl
Wilfried Lepuschitz
25.1 Introduction
1(2)
25.2 Structures and Models of Batch Manufacturing Systems
3(5)
Process Model
Physical Model
Procedural Control Model
Equipment Entities
Recipes
Classification of Process Cells
Tasks and Functions of a Batch Management and Operation System
Integration of Batch Management and Operation System with Other Information Systems
25.3 Currently Applied Communication Systems
8(1)
25.4 Upcoming Requirements of Distributed Process Automation
8(2)
25.5 Industrial Ethernet as the "Silver Bullet" for Future Process Automation Communication Needs
10(1)
References
11(15)
26 Building and Home Automation
26(1)
Wolfgang Kastner
Stefan Soucek
Christian Reinisch
Alexander Klapproth
26.1 Introduction
1(1)
26.2 Building Automation
1(7)
Motivation and Overview
Distributed Functions
Technologies and Integration Aspects
Applications
26.3 Home Automation
8(5)
Motivation and Overview
Technologies and Integration Aspects
Applications
26.4 Outlook and Further Challenges
13(1)
References
14(13)
27 Industrial Multimedia
27(1)
Javier Silvestre-Blanes
Manfred Weihs
Victor-M. Sempere-Paya
27.1 Introduction
1(3)
27.2 Multimedia Compression: A Review
4(4)
Image Compressors
Video Compressors
Quality Evaluation
27.3 Industrial Multimedia Applications
8(1)
Monitoring Applications
Computer Vision Applications
27.4 Image Transmission
9(2)
IERE 1394
IP-Based Networks
27.5 Conclusions
11(1)
Acknowledgment
11(1)
References
11(17)
28 Industrial Wireless Communications Security (IWCS)/C42
28(1)
Milos Manic
Kurt Derr
28.1 Introduction
1(1)
28.2 Wireless LAN Security
2(4)
Security Issues/Attacks on WiFi
Security Mechanisms
Deployment Issues
28.3 PAN Security
6(2)
28.4 Summary
8(1)
References
8(21)
29 Protocols in Power Generation
29(1)
Tuan Dang
Gaelle Marsal
29.1 Introduction
1(1)
29.2 Power Plant Automation Systems and Intra-Plant Communications
2(2)
Example of Nuclear Power Plant Automation
Systems Safety Requirements and System Classifications (IEC 61226, FIA, FIB, F2)
29.3 Power Plant Information Systems and Extra-Plant Communications
4(3)
Common Information Model
Distributed Energy Resource Model
29.4 Conclusions
7(1)
References
7(23)
30 Communications in Medical Applications
30(1)
Paulo Bartolomeu
Jose Alberto Fonseca
Nelson Rocha
Filipe Basto
30.1 Introduction
1(1)
30.2 Requirements
2(2)
30.3 Localization
4(1)
30.4 Clinical Monitoring
5(4)
Controller Area Network
Profibus DP
IEEE 802.15.4
Bluetooth
IEEE802.11
Nonindustrial Technologies
30.5 Automation
9(3)
Smart Homes
Healthcare Robotics
30.6 Issues and Challenges
12(2)
Security and Privacy
Safety and Reliability
Standardization
Timeliness
References
14(17)
PART III Technologies
31 Controller Area Network
31(1)
Joaquim Ferreira
Jose Alberto Fonseca
31.1 Introduction
1(1)
31.2 CAN Technology Basics
2(4)
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Detecting and Signaling Errors
Network Topology
31.3 CAN-Based Upper Layer Protocols
6(6)
CANopen
DeviceNet
TTCAN
FTT-CAN
31.4 CAN Limitations
12(2)
Consequences of Faults at the Node Level
List of Acronyms
14(1)
References
14(18)
32 Profibus
32(1)
Max Felser
Ron Mitchell
32.1 Introduction
1(1)
32.2 Physical Transmissions
2(3)
Asynchronous (RS-485)
Manchester Bus Powered
Fiber Optics
32.3 Fieldbus Data Link
5(2)
Services
Framing
Media Access
32.4 DP System
7(2)
DP-Master Class 1 Controllers
DP-Master Class 2 Engineering Stations
DP-Slaves: Field-Devices
Application Relations
32.5 Cyclic Data Exchange: MSO---Relation
9(1)
Device Model
Initialization and Supervision of the Relation
Status of the Controller and Fail-Safe Functionality
Diagnostics of the Field-Device
Distributed Database
Synchronization of the Applications
32.6 Acyclic Data Exchange: MS1/MS2 Relations
10(2)
Variables
Device Model including Identification and Maintenance
Alarm Handling
Procedure Calls
32.7 Application Profiles
12(1)
References
12(21)
33 INTERBUS
33(1)
Juergen Jasperneite
Orazio Mirabella
33.1 INTERBUS Overview
1(1)
33.2 INTERBUS Protocol
2(5)
33.3 Diagnostics
7(1)
33.4 Performance Evaluation
8(1)
33.5 Summary
9(1)
References
9(25)
34 WorldFip
34(1)
Francisco Vasques
Orazio Mirabella
34.1 Introduction
1(1)
34.2 Physical Layer
2(1)
34.3 Data Link Layer
2(4)
Transmission of Cyclic Traffic
Bus Arbitrator Table
Transmission of Asynchronous Traffic
34.4 Application Layer
6(1)
34.5 Timing Properties of WorldFIP Networks
7(11)
Concept of Producer/Distributor/Consumer
Buffer Transfer Timings
Bus Arbitrator Table
WorldFIP Aperiodic Buffer Transfers
Setting the WorldFIP BAT: Rate Monotonic Approach
References
18(17)
35 Foundation Fieldbus
35(1)
Carlos Eduardo Pereira
Augusto Pereira
Ian Verkappen
35.1 Introduction
1(1)
35.2 Foundation Fieldbus Overview
1(1)
35.3 Topology
2(1)
35.4 Drivers (DD, EDDL, and FDT/DTM)
3(1)
35.5 Cables
3(1)
35.6 Segment Design
4(1)
35.7 FFPS---Fieldbus Power Supplies
5(1)
35.8 Installation of Segment in Safe Areas
6(1)
35.9 Installation of Segments in Classified Areas
7(1)
FISCO---Fieldbus Intrinsically Safe COncept
High-Energy Trunk--Fieldbus Barrier Solution
35.10 Project Documentation
8(1)
35.11 Installations and Commissioning
8(2)
35.12 Maintenance
10(1)
References
10(26)
36 Modbus
36(1)
Mario de Sousa
Paulo Portugal
36.1 Introduction
1(1)
36.2 Modbus Interaction and Data Models
1(2)
36.3 Modbus Protocol Architecture
3(1)
36.4 Modbus Application Layer
4(4)
Data Access Functions
Diagnostic Functions
Device Classes
Error Handling
36.5 Modbus Serial
8(4)
Frames
RTU Mode
ASCII Mode
Error Detection
Physical Layer
36.6 Modbus TCP
12(1)
Frames
36.7 Example
13(2)
Acronyms
15(1)
References
16(21)
37 Industrial Ethernet
37(1)
Gaelle Marsal
Denis Trognon
37.1 Introduction
1(1)
37.2 Industrial Ethernet
2(3)
What Does Ethernet Mean?
What Does Industrial Mean?
Classification of Industrial Ethernet Solutions
37.3 Standardized Solutions of IEC 61158 and IEC 61784
5(4)
EtherNet/IP
Foundation Fieldbus High-Speed Ethernet
SERCOS III
"Exotic Solutions": EPA, Tenet, Vnet/IP, PNET on IP
37.4 Features of Major Industrial Ethernet Solutions
9(1)
37.5 Synthesis
9(1)
Abbreviations
9(1)
References
10(28)
38 EtherCAT
38(1)
Gianluca Cena
Adriano Valenzano
Claudio Zunino
38.1 Introduction
1(1)
38.2 Physical Layer
1(1)
38.3 Communication Protocol
2(3)
Commands
38.4 Addressing
5(2)
Physical Addressing
Logical Addressing: FMMU
38.5 SyncManager
7(1)
38.6 Distributed Clock
8(1)
38.7 Application Layer
9(1)
Mailbox Services
References
10(29)
39 Ethernet POWERLINK
39(1)
Paulo Pedreiras
Stefan Schoenegger
Lucia Seno
Stefano Vitturi
39.1 Introduction
1(1)
39.2 EPL Protocol
1(2)
39.3 Frame Mapping
3(1)
39.4 Network Configurations
4(1)
39.5 Redundancy Aspects
5(2)
Medium Redundancy
MN Redundancy
39.6 Security Aspects
7(1)
POWERLINK Safety
39.7 Performance Analysis
8(2)
Jitter
Turn-Around Time
Cycle Time
Acyclic Traffic
References
10(30)
40 PROFINET
40(1)
Max Felser
Paolo Ferrari
Alessandra Flammini
40.1 Introduction
1(4)
Device Classes in PROFINET IO
Performance
Conformance Classes
Prerequisites
40.2 PROFINET IO Basics
5(3)
Device Model
Address Resolution
Cyclic Data Traffic
Acyclic Data Traffic
Diagnostics
40.3 IRT Communication in PROFINET IO
8(3)
Flexible Communication Based on RT_CLASS_2 (Orange Interval)
Communication Based on RT_CLASS_3 (Red Interval)
Cycle Duration and Constrains
40.4 Engineering and Commissioning
11(3)
GSD File
Device Addressing
System Power-Up
Neighborhood and Topology Detection
Redundancy
40.5 Integration of Fieldbus Systems and Web Applications
14(1)
Integration via Proxy
Web Integration
Acronyms
15(1)
Bibliography
15(26)
41 LonWorks
41(1)
Uwe Ryssel
Henrik Dibowski
Heinz Frank
Klaus Kobitzsch
41.1 Introduction
1(1)
41.2 System Components
1(3)
41.3 LonTalk Protocol
4(3)
Physical Layer
Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport and Session Layer
Application and Presentation Layer
41.4 The Application Layer Programming Model
7(1)
41.5 Function Block-Based Design and System Integration
8(3)
41.6 Network Design Tools
11(1)
41.7 Automatic Design Approaches
12(1)
References
13(29)
42 KNX
42(1)
Wolfgang Kastner
Fritz Praus
Georg Neugschwandtner
Wolfgang Granzer
42.1 Introduction and Overview
1(1)
42.2 Medium-Independent Layers
2(3)
42.3 Medium-Dependent Layers
5(1)
42.4 Runtime Interworking
6(5)
42.5 Devices
11(1)
42.6 Configuration
12(1)
42.7 Conclusion and Outlook
12(1)
Abbreviations
13(1)
References
13(30)
43 Protocols of the Time-Triggered Architecture: TTP, TTEthernet, TTP/A
43(1)
Wilfried Elmenreich
Christian El-Salloum
43.1 Introduction
1(1)
43.2 The Time-Triggered Paradigm
2(1)
Sparse Time
Flow Control and Temporal Firewall
43.3 Time-Triggered Communication
3(1)
43.4 Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP)
4(1)
Fault Hypothesis and Fault Handling
Fault Tolerance
Membership
43.5 Time-Triggered Ethernet
5(2)
Principles of Operation
Time Format
Periods
Fault-Tolerant TTEthernet Configuration
Clock Synchronization
43.6 TTP/A
7(4)
Interface File System
The Three Interfaces of a Smart Transducer
Principles of Operation
Acknowledgments
11(1)
References
11(33)
44 FlexRay
44(1)
Martin Horauer
Peter Rossler
44.1 Introduction
1(1)
44.2 Protocol
1(3)
Communication Cycles
Framing
Startup of a Cluster
Physical Layer
44.3 System Architecture
4(1)
Topologies
Node Architecture
Star Couplers
44.4 System Design Considerations
5(2)
Configuration
AUTOSAR
References
7(38)
45 LIN-Bus
45(1)
Andreas Grzemba
Donal Heffernan
Thomas Lindner
45.1 LIN Background
1(1)
45.2 LIN History and Versions
2(1)
45.3 Communication Concept
3(1)
45.4 Physical Layer
3(3)
Signal Specification
Topology
45.5 LIN Message Frames
6(4)
Break Field
Sync Byte Field
Identifier
Data Field
Checksum
Frame Length
Time-Triggered Data Transmission
Frame Types
Diagnostic Frame
45.6 Network and Status Management
10(1)
45.7 Transport Layer Protocol
11(1)
45.8 Configuration
12(1)
45.9 Relationship between SAE J2602 and LIN2.0
12(1)
45.10 Conclusion
12(1)
References
13(33)
46 Profisafe
46(1)
Ron Mitchell
Max Felser
Paulo Portugal
46.1 Introduction
1(2)
Standardization Framework
Black Channel Principle
46.2 Profisafe Communication
3(8)
Error-Detection Requirements
Error Types and Safeguards
Cyclic/Acyclic Communication
Cyclic Communication PDU
Virtual Consecutive Number
Time-Out with Receipt
Code Name for Sender/Receiver
Data Consistency Check
Detected Safety Data Failures
46.3 Deployment
11(3)
Power Supplies and Electrical Safety
Increased Immunity
Installation Guidelines
Wireless Transmission and Security
Response Time
Acronyms
14(1)
References
14(33)
47 SafetyLon
47(1)
Thomas Novak
Thomas Tamandl
Peter Preininger
47.1 Introduction
1(1)
47.2 The General SafetyLon Concept
1(1)
47.3 The Safety-Related Lifecycle
2(2)
47.4 The Hardware
4(3)
47.5 The Safety-Related Firmware
7(3)
47.6 The SafetyLon Tools
10(3)
Acronyms
13(1)
References
13(35)
48 Wireless Local Area Networks
48(1)
Henning Trsek
Juergen Jasperneite
Lucia Lo Bello
Milos Manic
48.1 Introduction
1(1)
48.2 The 802.11 Family
2(1)
48.3 Physical Layer
2(1)
Frequency Bands
Modulation Techniques
48.4 Medium Access Control
3(5)
Distributed Coordination Function
Point Coordination Function Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
HCF Controlled Channel Access
Direct Link Protocol and Block ACK
48.5 Limitations of DCF and HCF for QoS Support in Industrial Environments
8(1)
48.6 Security Mechanisms
9(1)
48.7 Fast Handover
9(2)
Mechanisms on the AP Side
Mechanisms on the Client Side
48.8 Future Enhancements
11(1)
References
11(38)
49 Bluetooth
49(1)
Stefan Mahlknecht
Milos Manic
Sajjad Ahmad Madani
49.1 Introduction
1(2)
History and Technical Background
Bluetooth Specifications
49.2 Bluetooth Core Architecture Blocks
3(3)
Channel Manager
L2CAP Resource Manager
Device Manager
Link Manager
Baseband Resource Manager
Link Controller
Radio Frequency
Bluetooth Networks
Bluetooth Security
49.3 Bluetooth Protocol Stack
6(1)
49.4 Bluetooth Profiles
7(2)
Four Bluetooth General Profiles
Bluetooth General Profiles
49.5 Competitive Technologies
9(1)
49.6 Future of the Bluetooth Technology: Challenges
10(1)
References
11(39)
50 ZigBee
50(1)
Stefan Mahlknecht
Tuan Dang
Milos Manic
Sajjad Ahmad Madani
50.1 Introduction
1(1)
50.2 ZigBee and Mesh Networks
1(1)
50.3 ZigBee in the Context of Other Wireless Networks
2(1)
50.4 ZigBee Stack
2(1)
50.5 IEEE 802.15.4
3(5)
Physical Layer
MAC Layer
Network Layer
Application Layer
50.6 Development and Industrial Applications
8(2)
ZigBee Development Platforms
Industrial Applications
50.7 Conclusion
10(1)
References
10(41)
51 6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless Sensor Networks and Smart Cooperating Objects
51(1)
Guido Moritz
Frank Golatowski
51.1 Introduction
1(1)
51.2 Why IP in WSN and For Smart Cooperating Objects?
1(2)
IP as Open Standard Protocol Instead of Proprietary Protocols
IP Routers Instead of Complex Gateways
Use of Already Existing Protocols, Tools, and Applications
New Architectural Styles like Service-Oriented Architectures
IP Support in Operating Systems
Lessons Learned From Maintaining the Internet
51.3 Introduction in 802.15.4
3(2)
51.4 802.15.4 and 6LoWPAN
5(2)
51.5 6LoWPAN
7(7)
Address Autoconfiguration
Frame Types and Fragmentation
Mesh Frame Type
Broadcast and Multicast Address Mapping
Header Compression
Scopes
Summary of Frame Types and Compression Schemes
Security
51.6 Summary
14(1)
References
14(38)
52 WiMAX in Industry
52(1)
Milos Manic
Sergiu-Dan Stan
Strahinja Stankovic
52.1 Introduction
1(2)
52.2 The WiMAX Broadband Technology
3(1)
Backhaul/Access Network Applications
Relationship with Other Wireless Technologies
WiMAX vs. Wi-Fi
52.3 WiMAX Architecture
4(2)
MAC Layer/Data Link Layer
PHYsical Layer. WiMAX Equipment
52.4 The WiMAX Forum and Working Groups
6(1)
52.5 Integration with Other Networks
6(2)
WiMAX-DSL Integration
WiMAX-3GPP Integration
52.6 Conclusion
8(1)
References
8(45)
53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OCARI
53(1)
Tuan Dang
Emiliano Sisinni
53.1 Introduction
1(1)
53.2 WirelessHART
2(6)
The WirelessHART Physical Layer
The WirelessHART Data Link Layer
Time Keeping
The WirelessHART Network Layer and Topologies
The WirelessHART Upper Layers
53.3 ISA100.11a
8(2)
The ISA100.11a Physical Layer
The ISA100.11a Data Link Layer
Time Keeping
The ISA100.11a Network Layer and Topologies
The ISA100.11a Upper Layers
53.4 OCARI
10(3)
Physical Layer
MAC Layer
Network Layer and Topologies
Application Layer
53.5 Coexistence of the Three Protocols
13(2)
53.6 Example of Platform Providers
15(1)
53.7 Conclusions
16(1)
References
16(38)
54 Wireless Communication Standards
54(1)
Tuan Dang
54.1 Introduction
1(1)
54.2 A Wireless Standards Taxonomy
2(1)
54.3 Regulations and EMC
2(4)
54.4 Conclusion
6(1)
References
6(49)
55 Communication Aspects of IEC 61499 Architecture
55(1)
Valeriy Vyatkin
Mario de Sousa
Alois Zoitl
55.1 Introduction
1(2)
55.2 Illustrative Example
3(4)
55.3 Logic Encapsulated in Basic FB
7(1)
55.4 Extension
7(2)
55.5 Distribution
9(1)
55.6 Communication FBs
10(1)
55.7 Communication Using Services of Internet Protocol Suite
10(3)
55.8 Adding Distribution and Communication to the Sample System
13(2)
55.9 Internals of Communication FBs: Modbus
15(2)
55.10 Communication via the CIP
17(2)
55.11 Impact of Communication Semantics on Application Behavior
19(1)
55.12 Failures in Distributed Applications
20(1)
55.13 Conclusion
20(1)
References
21(35)
56 Industrial Internet
56(1)
Martin Wollschlaeger
Thilo Sauter
56.1 Introduction
1(1)
56.2 Application of Internet Technologies in Industry
2(1)
56.3 Technologies
3(5)
Transport and Communication Related Technologies
Technologies for Information Description and Presentation
Technologies for Server-Side and Client-Side Functions
56.4 Application Examples
8(4)
Description Technologies
Browser-Based Applications
Machine-Machine Communication Using Web Services
56.5 Conclusions and Outlook
12(1)
Acronyms
12(1)
References
13(44)
57 OPC UA
57(1)
Tuan Dang
Renaud Aubin
57.1 Introduction
1(1)
57.2 Overview of OPC UA System Architecture
2(3)
UA Client Application Architecture
UA Server Architecture
57.3 Overview of UA AddressSpace
5(2)
57.4 Overview of UA Services
7(3)
General Services
Discovery Service Set
SecureChannel Service Set
Session Service Set
NodeManagement Service Set
View Service Set
Query Service Set
Attribute Service Set
Method Service Set
MonitoredItem Service Set
Subscription Service Set
57.5 Implementations and Products
10(1)
57.6 Conclusion
10(1)
References
10(48)
58 DNP3 and IEC 60870-5
58(1)
Andrew C. West
58.1 Requirements for SCADA Data Collection in Electric Power and Other Industries
1(2)
58.2 Features Common to IEC 60870-5 and DNP3: Data Typing, Report by Exception, Error Recovery
3(2)
58.3 Differentiation between IEC 60870-5 and DNP3 Operating Philosophy, Message Formatting, Efficiency, TCP/IP Transport
5(4)
References
9(50)
59 IEC 61850 for Distributed Energy Resources
59(1)
Sidonia Mesentean
Heinz Frank
Karlheinz Schwarz
59.1 Introduction
1(1)
59.2 Basic Concept
1(2)
59.3 Modeling the Automation Functions
3(1)
59.4 Communication Services
4(3)
Client/Server Communication
GOOSE
Transmission of Sampled Analog Values
Clock Synchronization
59.5 Modeling with System Configuration Language
7(1)
59.6 Different Types of DER
8(2)
Wind Power Plants
Hydropower Plants
Other Specific Types of Distributed Energy Resources
References
10(50)
PART IV Internet Programming
60 User Datagram Protocol---UDP
60(1)
Aleksander Malinowski
Bogdan M. Wilamowski
60.1 Introduction
1(1)
60.2 Protocol Operation
1(7)
UDP Datagram
Port Number Assignments
Connectionless Service--Flow and Error Control
60.3 Programming Samples
8(2)
References
10(51)
61 Transmission Control Protocol---TCP
61(1)
Aleksander Malinowski
Bogdan M. Wilamowski
61.1 Introduction
1(2)
61.2 Protocol Operation
3(11)
TCP Segment
Port Number Assignments
Connection Establishment
Maintaining the Open Connection
Flow Control and Sliding Window Protocol
Improving Flow Control
Error Control
Congestion Control
Connection Termination
61.3 State Diagram
14(1)
61.4 Programming Samples
14(3)
References
17(45)
62 Development of Interactive Web Pages
62(1)
Pradeep Dandamudi
62.1 Introduction
1(1)
62.2 Installations
2(1)
WAMP Server
62.3 Introduction to PHP
3(4)
Variables
Conditional Statements
Loops
Functions
Include Function
$_GET and $_POST function
62.4 MySQL
7(3)
Creating a Database
Creating a Table
Modifying Tables
62.5 Creating Dynamic Web Sites Using PHP and MySQL
10(4)
Connecting to Database
SQL Queries with PHP
Creating a Database
Creating a Table
Insert, Update and Delete queries
References
14(49)
63 Interactive Web Site Design Using Python Script
63(1)
Hao Yu
Michael Carroll
63.1 Introduction
1(1)
Python
Django
63.2 Software Installation
2(1)
63.3 Database-Driven Web Site Design
2(5)
Create a Project
Run the Project
Setup Database
Create Model
Activate Model
Activate the Admin Site
Add the Application
Customize the Admin Site
63.4 Conclusion
7(1)
References
8(56)
64 Running Software over Internet
64(1)
Nam Pham
Bogdan M. Wilamowski
Aleksander Malinowski
64.1 Introduction
1(1)
64.2 Most Commonly Used Network Programming Tools
2(3)
Hypertext Markup Language
JavaScript
Java
ActiveX
CORBA and DCOM
Common Gateway Interface
PERL
PHP
64.3 Examples
5(6)
Neural Network Trainer through Computer Networks
Web-Based C++ Compiler
SPICE-Based Circuit Analysis Using Web Pages
64.4 Summary and Conclusion
11(1)
References
11(54)
65 Semantic Web Services for Manufacturing Industry
65(1)
Chen Wu
Tharam S. Dillon
65.1 Background
1(2)
65.2 Aims
3(1)
65.3 Approach
3(6)
Ontology-Driven Architecture
Multisite Issues and Rapid Reconfigurability
Customizations of Product and Materials Flow Monitoring
Optimization
Data, Process and Timing Consistency and Conformance
Customer-Centered Design through the Concept of Customer Value
65.4 Conclusion
9(1)
References
10(56)
66 Automatic Data Mining on Internet by Using PERL Scripting Language
66(1)
Nam Pham
Bogdan M. Wilamowski
66.1 Introduction
1(3)
PERL Scripting Language
Regular Expressions
Web Browser
66.2 Examples
4(4)
Extract E-Mail Addresses from Excel Files
Extract Data from PDF Files
Extract Paper Information from IEEE XPLORE
List Papers Only in a Specific Subject from TIE Webpage
Using PERL with Google Scholar in Searching Data
66.3 Summary and Conclusion
8(1)
References
9(58)
PART V Outlook
67 Trends and Challenges for Industrial Communication Systems
67(1)
Peter Palensky
67.1 Introduction
1(1)
67.2 Ubiquitous Global Connectivity and Digital Identity
1(1)
67.3 Vertical Integration
2(1)
67.4 Hybrid Local Networks and Quality of Service
2(1)
67.5 M2M Communication
3(1)
67.6 Scalability in Hardware and Software
4(1)
References
5(63)
68 Processing Data in Complex Communication Systems
68
Gerhard Zucker
Dietmar Bruckner
Dietmar Dietrich
68.1 Introduction
1(1)
68.2 An Archetype for Future Automation
2(1)
68.3 Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Design: Behavioristic Model versus Functional Model
2(2)
68.4 Automated Methods for Sensor and Actuator Systems
4(1)
68.5 The Diagnostic System
4(3)
Error Detection
Statistical Generative Models
Online Parameter Updates
Results
68.6 Intelligent Surveillance Systems
7(2)
Architecture
68.7 The Human Mind as an Archetype for Cognitive Automation
9(1)
Perception in Automation: A Historic Overview
References
10
Index 1
Bogdan M. Wilamowski, J. David Irwin
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