E-raamat: Information Modeling and Relational Databases

Foreword
John Zachman
Foreword
Sjir Nijssen
Foreword
Gordon Everest
Preface
Introduction		1	(26)
Information Modeling		2	(4)
Modeling Approaches		6	(13)
Some Historical Background		19	(4)
The Relevant Skills		23	(1)
Summary		24	(3)
Information Levels and Frameworks		27	(32)
Four Information Levels		28	(4)
The Conceptual Level		32	(11)
Database Design Example		43	(5)
Development Frameworks		48	(7)
Summary		55	(4)
Conceptual Modeling: First Steps		59	(50)
Conceptual Modeling Language Criteria		60	(2)
Conceptual Schema Design Procedure		62	(1)
CSDP Step 1: From Examples to Elementary Facts		63	(18)
CSDP Step 2: Draw Fact Types and Populate		81	(14)
CSDP Step 3: Trim Schema; Note Basic Derivations		95	(9)
Summary		104	(5)
Uniqueness Constraints		109	(50)
Introduction to CSDP Step 4		110	(1)
Uniqueness Constraints on Unaries and Binaries		111	(11)
Uniqueness Constraints on Longer Fact Types		122	(6)
External Uniqueness Constraints		128	(9)
Key Length Check		137	(13)
Projections and Joins		150	(5)
Summary		155	(4)
Mandatory Roles		159	(52)
Introduction to CSDP Step 5		160	(2)
Mandatory and Optional Roles		162	(12)
Reference Scheme		174	(19)
Case Study: A Compact Disc Retailer		193	(7)
Logical Derivation Check		200	(7)
Summary		207	(4)
Value, Set-Comparison, and Subtype Constraints		211	(60)
Introduction to CSDP Step 6		212	(1)
Basic Set Theory		212	(4)
Value Constraints and Independent Types		216	(8)
Subset, Equality, and Exclusion Constraints		224	(14)
Subtyping		238	(22)
Generalization of Object Types		260	(8)
Summary		268	(3)
Other Constraints and Final Checks		271	(34)
Introduction to CSDP Step 7		272	(1)
Occurrence Frequencies		272	(5)
Ring Constraints		277	(12)
Other Constraints and Rules		289	(6)
Final Checks		295	(8)
Summary		303	(2)
Entity Relationship Modeling		305	(40)
Overview of ER		306	(2)
Barker notation		308	(10)
Information Engineering notation		318	(4)
IDEFIX		322	(12)
Mapping from ORM to ER		334	(8)
Summary		342	(3)
Data Modeling in UML		345	(54)
Introduction		346	(2)
Object-Orientation		348	(3)
Attributes		351	(6)
Associations		357	(7)
Set-Comparison Constraints		364	(8)
Subtyping		372	(4)
Other Constraints and Derivation Rules		376	(12)
Mapping from ORM to UML		388	(7)
Summary		395	(4)
Advanced Modeling Issues		399	(74)
Join Constraints		400	(8)
Deontic Rules		408	(3)
Temporality		411	(21)
Collection Types		432	(7)
Nominalization and Objectification		439	(11)
Open/Closed World Semantics		450	(6)
Higher-Order Types		456	(13)
Summary		469	(4)
Relational Mapping		473	(54)
Implementing a Conceptual Schema		474	(1)
Relational Schemas		475	(8)
Relational Mapping Procedure		483	(27)
Advanced Mapping Aspects		510	(15)
Summary		525	(2)
Data Manipulation with Relational Languages		527	(110)
Relational Algebra		528	(26)
Relational Database Systems		554	(2)
SQL: Historical and Structural Overview		556	(2)
SQL: Identifiers and Data Types		558	(4)
SQL: Choosing Columns, Rows, and Order		562	(8)
SQL: Joins		570	(12)
SQL: In, Between, Like, and Null Operators		582	(9)
SQL: Union and Simple Subqueries		591	(11)
SQL: Scalar Operators and Bag Functions		602	(9)
SQL: Grouping		611	(8)
SQL: Correlated and Existential Subqueries		619	(7)
SQL: Recursive Queries		626	(3)
SQL: Updating Table Populations		629	(2)
Summary		631	(6)
Using Other Database Objects		637	(50)
SQL: The Bigger Picture		638	(1)
SQL: Defining Tables		638	(8)
SQL: Views		646	(6)
SQL: Triggers		652	(3)
SQL: Routines		655	(3)
SQL: More Database Objects		658	(4)
Transactions and Concurrency		662	(2)
Security and Meta-Data		664	(2)
Exploiting XML		666	(18)
Summary		684	(3)
Schema Transformations		687	(86)
Schema Equivalence and Optimization		688	(4)
Predicate Specialization and Generalization		692	(10)
Nesting, Coreferencing, and Flattening		702	(16)
Other Transformations		718	(4)
Conceptual Schema Optimization		722	(12)
Normalization		734	(19)
Denormalization and Low Level Optimization		753	(6)
Reengineering		759	(7)
Data Migration and Query Transformation		766	(3)
Summary		769	(4)
Process and State Modeling		773	(62)
Introduction		774	(3)
Processes and Workflow		777	(8)
State Models		785	(10)
Foundations for Process Theory		795	(5)
Modeling Information Dynamics in UML		800	(12)
Business Process Standards Initiatives		812	(7)
Standard Process Patterns		819	(13)
Summary		832	(3)
Other Modeling Aspects and Trends		835	(58)
Introduction		836	(1)
Data Warehousing and OLAP		836	(7)
Conceptual Query Languages		843	(9)
Schema Abstraction Mechanisms		852	(5)
Further Design Aspects		857	(7)
Ontologies and the Semantic Web		864	(7)
Postrelational Databases		871	(10)
Metamodeling		881	(7)
Summary		888	(5)
ORM glossary		893	(10)
ER glossary		903	(4)
UML glossary		907	(4)
Useful Web Sites		911	(2)
Bibliography		913	(12)
Index		925

Dr. Terry Halpin, is a Principal Scientist at LogicBlox, headquartered in Atlanta, USA, and a Professor at INTI International University, Malaysia. After many years in academia, he worked on data modeling technology at Asymetrix Corporation, InfoModelers Inc., Visio Corporation, and Microsoft Corporation, before returning to academia as Distinguished Professor at Neumont University (Utah, USA), and then once again returning to industry at LogicBlox and also taking a professorship at INTI. His research focuses on conceptual modeling and conceptual query technology. Dr. Halpin is the recipient of the DAMA International Academic Achievement Award and the IFIP Outstanding Service Award. He is a member of IFIP WG 8.1 (Design and Evaluation of Information Systems), is an editor or reviewer for several academic journals and international program committees, has co-chaired several international workshops on modeling, and has presented at dozens of international conferences in both industry and academia. For many years, his research has focused on conceptual modeling and conceptual query technology for information systems, using a business rules approach. His doctoral thesis formalized Object-Role Modeling (ORM/NIAM), and his publications include over 160 technical papers, and six books, including Information Modeling and Relational Databases, Second Edition, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann. Dr. Tony Morgan is a British computer scientist, data modeling consultant, and Professor in Computer Science at INTI International University, Malaysia. Dr. Morgan obtained his BA in Earth Sciences from The Open University, his BSc in Computer Systems Engineering from Coventry University, where in 1984 he also obtained his MSc in Control Engineering. In 1988 he obtained his PhD in Computer Science from University of Cambridge with a thesis on automated decision-making using qualitative reasoning. Dr. Morgan has done extensive work in industry with companies such as Unisys, EDS, and other corporations across transport, aerospace, government, and financial services, including the UKs National Computing Centre in Manchester. Dr. Morgan has published several articles on AI and simulation. In 2003 he was appointed Professor of Computer Science and Vice President of Enterprise Informatics at Neumont University, Utah, USA. His research interests focus on business rules and business processes and the rapid development of high-quality information systems. Along with Dr. Halpin, he is the co-author of Information Modeling and Relational Databases, Second Edition, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann.