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E-raamat: Innovative Exploration Methods for Minerals, Oil, Gas, and Groundwater for Sustainable Development

Edited by (Adjunct Professor, IIT, Kharagpur, IIT-ISM, Dhanbad, Tezpur University, Assam; Emeritus Professor, Jadavp), Edited by (Visiting Professor, Western Australia School of Mines, Kalgoorlie, Australia), Edited by , Edited by (Formerly, Director, Geological Survey of India), Edited by
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  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
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  • ISBN-13: 9780128239995

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Innovative Exploration Methods for Mineral, Oil, Gas, and Groundwater for Sustainable Development provides an integrated approach to exploration encompassing geology, geophysics, mining, and mineral processing. In addition, groundwater exploration is included, as it is central to the development of earth resources. As the demand for coal, minerals, oil and gas, and water continues to grow globally, researchers must prioritize sustainable exploration methods. Old technologies are being replaced speedily and exploration work has become fast, focused, meaningful, and readily reproducible keeping in pace with the changing global scenario. The themes of exploration of energy resources, exploration of minerals, groundwater exploration and processing and mineral engineering are separated out into sections and chapters included in these sections include case studies focusing on tools and techniques for exploration. Innovative Exploration Methods for Mineral, Oil, Gas, and Groundwater for Sustainable Development gives insight to modern concepts of exploration for those working in the various fields of energy, mineral, and groundwater exploration.
  • Presents innovative research that will both challenge and complement the traditional concepts of exploration
  • Covers a wide range of instruments and their applications, as well as the tools and processes that need to be followed for modern exploration work
  • Includes research on groundwater exploration with a focus on conservation and sustainable exploration and development
Dedication xxiii
Contributors xxv
Preface xxxiii
Acknowledgment xxxv
1 Energy resource (Coal, Shale Gas, Geothermal, Oil, Gas)
1(126)
1.1 Gasification of high ash Indian coals in fluidized bed gasifier
5(12)
P.D. Chavan
C. Sahu
A. Banerjee
V. Chauhan
N.K. Gupta
S. Saha
S. Datta
P. Datta
P.K. Singh
Introduction
5(1)
Experimental
5(1)
Results and discussion
6(9)
Conclusions
15(1)
References
15(2)
1.2 Exploration of mining method for coal extraction in developed bord and pillar property by powered support long wall equipment
17(12)
M.P. Dikshit
Introduction
17(1)
Shortwall mining
17(1)
Advantages of the method over conventional B&P mining
18(1)
Selection of site for shortwall
18(1)
Geo-mining parameters in an Indian mine
18(1)
Physiomechanical properties of overlying roof rocks
19(1)
Premining scientific studies and observations
19(2)
Production, productivity, and profitability
21(2)
Future scope on production and productivity
23(1)
Induced caving
23(3)
Strata control
26(1)
Strata control, monitoring, and observations
27(1)
Conclusions
27(2)
1.3 Exploration of shale gas in India - Prospects and challenges
29(14)
Ajoy Kumar Moitra
Aranya Bhaduri
Gopal Chandra Mukhopadhayay
Ajoy Kr. Das
Introduction
29(2)
Shale gas exploration
31(2)
Shale gas resource potential in India
33(2)
Proterozoic basins - potential areas for closer look
35(1)
Tackling shale gas challenges in India
36(1)
Conclusion
37(1)
References
38(5)
1.4 Synergy through integrated geophysical acquisition for geothermal and hydrocarbon exploration and production
43(12)
K. Strack
Introduction
43(1)
System parameters
43(4)
Processing and interpretation
47(1)
Applications
47(5)
Conclusions
52(1)
Acknowledgments
53(1)
References
53(2)
1.5 3D seismic expression of a paleo channel within Barail Argillaceous and its hydrocarbon prospect: Makum field
55(6)
Adam Suting
Sanjiv Kalita
P.K. Kakoty
Introduction
55(1)
Methodology
56(1)
Seismic signature
56(4)
Discussion
60(1)
Reference
60(1)
1.6 A case study of reservoir parameter estimation in Nome oil field, Norway by using Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF)
61(18)
Nasima Begum
Mohsen Dadashpour
Jon Kleppe
Introduction
61(1)
Objectives
62(1)
Tasks
62(1)
Parameter estimation
62(1)
Quantifying uncertainly in production forecasts
63(1)
EnKF methodology
63(1)
Managing the uncertainties
64(1)
Advantages of EnKF
64(1)
Sequential Gaussian simulation
64(1)
Case study
65(1)
Nome oil field
65(1)
General geology of Nome field
65(2)
Structure of the Nome field
67(1)
Production history of the Nome field
67(1)
Semisynthetic case: Nome
67(1)
Discussion of the cases on the basis of EnKF
68(3)
Discussion and result
71(4)
Acknowledgments
75(1)
References
76(3)
1.7 Coal bed methane: Changing India's gas market
79(8)
Gurram Vishwanath Reddy
A.A. Khan
Vaibhav Sharma
Introduction
79(1)
CBM as an energy source
79(2)
CBM extraction technology
81(2)
Challenges in CBM extraction
83(1)
Environmental impact
83(1)
Land acquisition difficulties
84(1)
Hydrofracturing
84(1)
Pricing and marketing of CBM in India
85(1)
Future prospects of CBM
85(1)
References
86(1)
1.8 Identification of gas bearing sweet-spots within complex reservoir by integrating modern geophysical measurements - case studies from upper Assam fields
87(14)
Pradyut Bora
G.K. Duarah
P.K. Kakoty
Introduction
87(1)
Wireline logging technologies, methodologies, and case studies
88(11)
Discussions
99(1)
References
99(2)
1.9 Evolution and future prospects for coalbed methane and coal mine methane in India: Approaches for addressing mine safety, climate change, and energy security
101(26)
Ajay Kumar Singh
Introduction
101(1)
Genesis, storage, and transport of methane in coal
102(2)
Coal and lignite deposits in India
104(2)
Coal mining India
106(1)
Mine safety issues and gassiness of coal seams in India
107(3)
Climate change interlinkages
110(2)
Coalbed methane and coal mine methane as mitigating measures
112(1)
Coalbed methane development in India
113(10)
Conclusion
123(1)
Acknowledgment
124(1)
References
124(3)
2 Environment (Environment, Assessment and Control)
127(62)
2.1 Human health risks from potentially toxic elements in soils of coal mining area
129(10)
R.E. Masto
J. George
V.A. Selvi
R.C. Tripathi
N.K. Srivastava
Introduction
129(2)
Materials and methods
131(3)
Results and discussion
134(2)
Summary
136(1)
References
136(3)
2.2 Health risk of exposure to noise in coal preparation and mineral processing plants
139(18)
Bibhuti B. Mandal
Sumantra Bhattacharya
Veena D. Manwar
Syed Aftab Hussain
Introduction
139(2)
Noise as an occupational hazard
141(1)
Adverse health effects of noise exposure
142(2)
Field studies
144(1)
Discussion
145(2)
Noise abatement and mitigation measures
147(7)
Conclusion
154(1)
References
155(2)
2.3 Ecological restoration of waste dump generated from an integrated steel plant: A case study
157(14)
Subodh Kumar Maiti
Introduction
157(1)
Materials and methods
158(3)
Result and discussion
161(8)
Conclusions
169(1)
Acknowledgment
169(1)
References
170(1)
2.4 Environmental sustainability of drilling fluids
171(6)
R.C.S. Siddharth
P.V.S. Eswar
Introduction
171(1)
Drilling fluid and its additives
171(1)
Environmental effects
172(1)
Viable alternatives
172(1)
Drill waste analysis
172(1)
Toxic nature
173(1)
Reduction of the drilling waste
173(1)
Methods for disposal and treatment techniques
174(1)
Conclusion
174(1)
References
174(3)
2.5 Estimation of CB ratio for opencast mine in forestry clearance process
177(12)
Manoj Kumar
Praveen K. Singh
R. Nawaz
Introduction
177(3)
Purpose for cost benefit analysis
180(1)
Methodology
180(1)
Box-equations
181(4)
Administration of model
185(1)
Conclusion
185(2)
Acknowledgment
187(1)
References
187(2)
3 Groundwater (Prospecting, Contamination)
189(104)
3.1 Self-potential: A low-cost geophysical method in investigating groundwater and contaminant plume
193(20)
Indrajit G. Roy
Introduction
193(1)
Brief phenomenological account of self-potential
194(5)
Techniques of self-potential measurement
199(3)
Processing self-potential data
202(2)
Modeling and interpretation of self-potential data
204(4)
Conclusions
208(1)
Acknowledgment
208(1)
References
208(5)
3.2 Fresh water bearing zone identification using VES at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Campus, Sylhet, Bangladesh
213(14)
Md. Shofiqul Islam
Md. Ibrahim
A.K.M. Chowdhury
Emranul Hoque
Hasan Rafin
Md. Hasan Khalid
Md. Zahidul Islam
Karim Ehsanul
Athay Reashed Kamal
Asir Awosaf Chowdhury Mohammed
Md. Ashraf Hussain
Introduction
213(1)
Study area and geologic setting
214(1)
Materials and methods
214(4)
Result and discussion
218(6)
Conclusion
224(1)
Acknowledgment
224(1)
References
224(3)
3.3 Integrated geophysical survey for delineating aquifer zones in Sagar area, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal
227(14)
D.C. Naskar
R.L. Regar
Dinesh Gupta
P.C. Das
Manish Chopra
Introduction
227(1)
Geology
228(1)
Hydrogeology
228(1)
Data acquisition & instrument used
229(1)
Data processing
229(1)
Discussion of results
230(7)
Limitations of both methods
237(1)
Conclusions
237(1)
Acknowledgment
238(1)
References
238(3)
3.4 Augmentation of arsenic free drinking water supply in West Bengal through innovative groundwater exploration technique: A case study
241(8)
Amlanjyoti Kar
D.G. Dastidar
S.K. Adhikari
A.K. Sinha
T. Talukdar
A.N. Chowdhury
Prachi Gupta
Ankita Bhattacharya
Sonam
Introduction
241(2)
Infestation of arsenic in West Bengal and its remediation
243(1)
Case study
243(3)
Way forward
246(1)
Acknowledgment
246(1)
References
247(2)
3.5 Geogenic sulfate-rich wastewater: Sources, characteristics, effects and treatment technologies
249(24)
Jayanta Bhattacharya
Bidus Das
Shubhabrata Dev
Introduction
249(1)
Sources of sulfate-rich wastewater
250(2)
Characteristic of sulfate-rich wastewater
252(2)
Effect of sulfate-rich wastewater
254(1)
Treatment technologies
255(2)
Microbial sulfate reduction
257(8)
Conclusion
265(1)
References
266(7)
3.6 Pyritic sulphur--Its distribution, origin in coal seams and production of acid water in mines
273(20)
S.G. Chaudhuri
Introduction
273(1)
Distribution of pyritic sulphur in coals
274(1)
Distribution in coal seams
275(4)
Microscopic studies of pyrite
279(1)
Mode of occurrence of pyrite
279(2)
Diagenetic changes of pyrite
281(2)
The origin of pyritic sulphur in coal
283(1)
Production of acid water in mines
284(1)
Acid water formation
285(1)
Removal of sulphur from coal
286(1)
Results of investigation
286(3)
Summary and conclusion
289(2)
References
291(2)
4 Mineral Exploration
293(62)
4.1 Modern techniques for identifying mineralization in virgin area
297(12)
Biplab Mukerji
Introduction
297(1)
Techniques of mineral targetting
297(2)
Data interpretation
299(1)
Statistical methods
300(7)
Conclusion
307(1)
References
307(2)
4.2 Integrated geophysical studies of Precambrian mobile belts to constrain evolutionary and mineragenic crustal models (experience from Fennoscandian Shield)
309(14)
Sokolova Elena Yu
V.A. Kulikov
Mints Michael
Pushkarev Pavel Yu
G. Yakovlev Andrey
Introduction
309(2)
Seismic-based geotectonic model of central Svecofennian accretionary orogen
311(1)
Geoelecric-based model of southeastern part of Svecofennian orogen
312(3)
Mineragenic inferences (Korja, 2002) from the geoelectric and tectonic models constructed
315(2)
Case study of integrated geophysical prospecting in the area of highly conductive near surface structures
317(1)
Concluding remarks
318(2)
References
320(3)
4.3 Gravity field: A potent tool in understanding the tectonic fabric and potential mineralization over a part of the Bastar Craton, India
323(12)
L.K. Das
Arbind Kumar
Ajay K. Singh
B.N.P. Agarwal
Introduction
323(1)
Geology
323(2)
Gravity anomaly map
325(1)
Results and discussions
326(7)
Conclusions
333(1)
Acknowledgment
333(1)
References
333(2)
4.4 Satellite gravity anomalies: Defining basement structure of the Northern Bay of Bengal
335(16)
S.K. Dey
Introduction
335(1)
Data source
336(1)
Data analysis and qualitative interpretation
337(4)
Study of selected gravity profiles
341(4)
Conclusions
345(4)
Acknowledgment
349(1)
References
350(1)
4.5 Essential elements of geostatistics in mineral Industry
351(4)
B.C. Sarkar
Introduction
351(1)
Necessity of using geostatistics
351(1)
Essential dimensions
352(1)
Geological domaining
352(1)
Semivariography with respect to geological domains
352(1)
Critical decisions on block
353(1)
Essential spotlights
353(1)
Need for additional exploration and risk
354(1)
Concluding remarks
354(1)
References
354(1)
5 Mineral processing
355(38)
5.1 Advanced process control for mineral processing operations
357(12)
Ashish Rajoria
Introduction
357(1)
Model-based predictive controller Brain Wave design and development
358(1)
Implementation of Brain Wave in mineral processing operations
359(1)
Mineral processing applications
360(6)
Conclusion
366(2)
References
368(1)
5.2 Processing of port dredged sand in offshore set-up for value addition--Approach and constraints
369(16)
Pratik Moon
Ajit Singh Choudhury
Kunal Mukherjee
Introduction
369(1)
Background of port sand dredging
370(1)
Dredger
371(1)
Proposed approach
372(11)
Conclusion
383(1)
References
384(1)
5.3 Utilization of archival exploratory data in coal washery design
385(8)
Sanchit Agarwal
Ajit Singh Choudhury
Ajoy Kumar Moitra
Introduction
385(1)
Impact of inefficient coal testing
386(2)
Effect and need of proper coal sampling strategy
388(1)
Coal sampling rules and its approach
389(1)
Testing procedures and their approach
390(1)
Sink-float test--use of organic reagents
390(2)
Conclusion
392(1)
References
392(1)
6 Modern appliances and techniques
393(60)
6.1 Wellbore stability modeling for prediction of ud weight in Krishna-Godavari Basin, India
395(10)
Baisakhi Das
Rima Chatterjee
Introduction
395(1)
Study area
396(1)
Rock failure criteria
396(2)
Wellbore stability analysis
398(4)
Results and discussion
402(1)
Conclusion
402(1)
References
402(3)
6.2 Impact of modern exploration techniques in oil & gas reserves to production ratio
405(16)
P. Gopalakrishnan
Introduction
405(1)
Methodology
405(1)
Terms used in petroleum evaluation
406(2)
Evolution of exploration techniques
408(2)
Methods used in petroleum exploration
410(2)
Analysis of production statistics
412(7)
Conclusions
419(1)
References
420(1)
6.3 Effective attenuation of coherent and random noises in seismic data: A case study from Upper Assam Basin
421(8)
Kartik Sharma
D.S. Manral
G.V.J. Rao
Introduction
421(1)
Theory
421(3)
Results
424(1)
Conclusion
424(4)
Acknowledgment
428(1)
References
428(1)
6.4 Digitalization in petroleum exploration & production: The new game changer
429(10)
Shivaji N. Dasgupta
Introduction
429(1)
Digital transformation or revolution
429(1)
Application on digital transformation in E&P industry
430(2)
Case study for instrumented i-field
432(3)
Geophysical attributes in intelligent field
435(1)
Conclusion
436(2)
Acknowledgment
438(1)
References
438(1)
6.5 New computer technology to solve geological problems for prospecting and exploration of mineral resources
439(14)
E.N. Cheremisina
M. Ya Finkelstein
V.A. Spiridonov
A.M. Lubimova
Introduction
439(1)
Visualization, editing, and geological mapping
439(2)
Geophysical unit
441(3)
Forecast unit
444(2)
Borehole unit
446(1)
Three-dimensional modeling of the territory
446(4)
Conclusions
450(2)
References
452(1)
7 Policies
453(48)
7.1 National geophysical mapping in Geological Survey of India--An impetus to mineral exploration
455(8)
Dinesh Gupta
J. V. Rammam Rao
V. Ramamurty
Introduction
455(3)
Importance of integration of geophysical methods
458(3)
Interpretation of geophysical data
461(1)
References
461(2)
7.2 Social license in mining: Can it operate outside the realm of sustainable development and responsible mining?
463(12)
Souparna Lahiri
The premise
463(1)
Social license to operate
464(1)
Social license to operate: an extra-legal, amorphous, and intangible concept?
465(1)
Alternative discourse: toward an improved and responsible resource governance
466(4)
Consolidating and concluding from Indian experiences
470(3)
References
473(2)
7.3 Why shale gas is a prime option for us from energy perspective and the multitasking software to address the related issues
475(8)
Asit Kumar Samaddder
Global scenario
475(1)
Scenario
475(3)
The software details
478(2)
Total organic content estimation and organic maturity
480(1)
Fluid and mineral evaluation
480(1)
Advanced saturation modeling: nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric volumes
481(1)
Mechanical properties and brittleness
481(1)
3D stress and stress orientation
482(1)
Permeability
482(1)
Pay analysis
482(1)
References
482(1)
7.4 Evaluating coal block auctions
483(10)
Dipesh Dipu
Genesis of a crisis
483(2)
New statute and coal block auctions
485(1)
Flaws in coal block auctions
486(2)
Production from the reallocated coal blocks
488(1)
End result of coal block auctions
489(1)
Conclusion
490(1)
References
491(2)
7.5 Minerals for future generations: Indian perspective
493(8)
Ajoy Kumar Moitra
S. Chatterjee
Ajit Singh Choudhury
Introduction
493(2)
Li-ion battery--current Indian Scenario
495(1)
Sources of lithium
496(1)
Lithium in battery industry
497(1)
Lithium market
497(2)
Conclusion
499(1)
References
499(2)
Index 501
Dr. Ajoy Kumar Moitra received his graduate and Doctorate from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad. He joined the Geological Survey of India and retired in the year 2004 as Director. During his stay in Geological Survey of India (1971-2004), he carried out systematic mapping and exploration. He was engaged in study of stromatolites and related microbiota. After retirement, Dr Moitra carried out detailed exploration for coal, iron ore and limestone for both green and brown fields. Apart from many papers in prestigious journals, he has written two books. Dr. Jayanta Bhattacharya is a Professor in the School of Environmental Science and Engineering and a Professor of Mining Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur , He is the founding Head of the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. Prof. Bhattacharya is a famous scientist in the area of environmental technology and product development. Prof. Bhattacharya pioneered research of laboratory and wetland schemes of wastewater treatment as a constructed plant based systems what presumably one day bioremediation systems would look like and have the capacity to perform. A continuous theme of research by his team is to develop new technologies and products for green treatment options. He is also known all over for his academic contributions in the area of environmental clearance, land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement of people. He has more than 120 papers in various national and international journals and conferences, and works as an editorial board member for 3 international journals. He has written 7 books and edited more than 10 books jointly written with his peers from around the world. He has completed guidance of 6 PhD scholars and is in the process for 10 more. Professor J. R. Kayal did his M Sc (Applied Geophysics) from the Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad and PhD from the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He retired as Deputy Director GeneralGSI. He has been an Adjunct Professor at the IIT, Kharagpur, IIT-ISM, Dhanbad, Tezpur University, Assam, an Emeritus Professor at the Jadavpur University, Kolkata, and Visiting Professor at the University of Tokyo, Japan, and Strasbourg University, France. Presently, he is an Adjunct Professor, ISR, Gandhinagar and the NIT, Agartala. He led several international research projects sponsored by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, and was a guest faculty to the UNESCO (France) and ICTP (Italy). He is author of more than 130 peered reviewed research papers in national and international journals and authored one book. Dr. Biblap Mukerji received an M.Sc. in Applied Geology from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, in 1970, and a Doctorate in Geospatial Modelling of Copper Mineralization in Singhbhum Belt, Jharkhand” in 2004 from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad. He served on the Geological Survey of India for 36 years and retired as Deputy Director General, Operation, and West Bengal Sikkim & Andaman. He teaches Statistics, Geostatistics and GIS to officers and students of various organizations. Currently he is a consultant geologist and also an advisor to a mineral exploration company. He has number of scientific papers to his credit, published in National and International Journals. Life Member of Mining Geological and Metallurgical Institute of India. Dr. Sri Ajoy Kumar Das has put in more than 41 years of overall experience with around 10 years in operation and management of both UG &OC coalmines of Western Coalfield Ltd. and balance in Marketing with M/s Greaves Cotton Ltd and Mahindra & Mahindra. Dr. Das had undergone intensive training in implementation of Modern Mining machines in U.K, Germany, France, and Sweden. In addition to above, he has presented several papers on Longwall Mining, High Speed Roadway Drivage, Dust control in UG Mines and Modern Roof Bolting Techniques in National and International Forum. He is presently Hon. General Secretary of ISM Alumni Association Kolkata Chapter mainly connected with dissipation of knowledge on Earth Science and Technology.