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E-raamat: Instrument and Automation Engineers' Handbook: Process Measurement and Analysis, Fifth Edition - Two Volume Set

Edited by , Edited by (Lipt¿k Associates, Stamford, Connecticut, USA)
  • Formaat: 3558 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Aug-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000820621
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  • Formaat: 3558 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Aug-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000820621

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The Instrument and Automation Engineers Handbook (IAEH) is the Number 1 process automation handbook in the world. The two volumes in this greatly expanded Fifth Edition deal with measurement devices and analyzers. Volume one, Measurement and Safety, covers safety sensors and the detectors of physical properties, while volume two, Analysis and Analysis, describes the measurement of such analytical properties as composition.

Complete with 245 alphabetized chapters and a thorough index for quick access to specific information, the IAEH, Fifth Edition is a must-have reference for instrument and automation engineers working in the chemical, oil/gas, pharmaceutical, pollution, energy, plastics, paper, wastewater, food, etc. industries.

Arvustused

Praise for the Previous Editions

"The editor of this masterpiece, Béla Lipták, is a longtime engineering consultant, a teacher at Yale, and a fellow of the ISA. He is clearly devoted to producing a useful reference. The book is replete with simple explicatory figures and diagrams; well-organized summaries with information on the costs, suppliers, ranges, and inaccuracies of the instruments covered; and practical tips on related subjects such as good instrument maintenance practices. Comprehensive, practical, and well-organized, this book is highly recommended for academic libraries and engineering company libraries. It can best serve as a teaching aid for students or as a reference manual for both new and experienced practicing engineers." E-Streams

"Those [ contributors] eventually selected are without doubt among the best. Whether used as a textbook by inexperienced engineers or as a quick reference book for the experienced engineer, this book is set to continue to be the main reference to the instrument engineer for the next decade." Alan Reese, Control & Instrumentation

"I have seen nothing with the scope of this handbook." Roy V. Hughson, Chemical Engineering

"In our smaller universe of process control, Béla Lipták is a towering presence." Terrence K. McMahon, Control

Introduction xi
Contributors xxiii
1 General Considerations
1(158)
1.1 Accuracy and Rangeability
4(11)
1.2 Binary Logic Diagrams
15(12)
1.3 Calibration
27(8)
1.4 Configuring Intelligent Field Devices
35(21)
1.5 Evaluation of Instrument Quality
56(9)
1.6 Instrument Installation
65(19)
1.7 Redundant and Voting Systems
84(23)
1.8 Soft Sensors
107(12)
1.9 Terminology for Automation and Testing
119(32)
1.10 Uncertainty: Estimation, Propagation, and Reporting
151(8)
2 Flow Measurement
159(462)
2.1 Flowmeter Selection
167(38)
2.2 Applications: Abrasive, Corrosive, Slurry
205(6)
2.3 Applications: Bidirectional Flowmeters
211(10)
2.4 Applications: Multiphase and Subsea Flowmeters
221(14)
2.5 Applications: Multiphase Hydrocarbon Metering
235(11)
2.6 Calibration and Maintenance
246(15)
2.7 Installation
261(9)
2.8 Anemometers
270(9)
2.9 BTU Flow Measurement: Fuel Gas
279(5)
2.10 BTU Flow Measurement: Liquids
284(6)
2.11 Cross-Correlation Flowmetering
290(9)
2.12 Elbow Flowmeters
299(7)
2.13 Flow Switches
306(11)
2.14 Laminar Flowmeters
317(9)
2.15 Magnetic Flowmeters
326(20)
2.16 Mass Flowmeters: Coriolis
346(18)
2.17 Mass Flowmeters: Indirect and Turbine
364(7)
2.18 Mass Flowmeters: Thermal
371(13)
2.19 Metering Pumps
384(10)
2.20 Oil-Custody Transfer
394(18)
2.21 Orifices
412(25)
2.22 Paddle Flow Switches
437(8)
2.23 Pitot and Area-Averaging Tubes
445(15)
2.24 Positive-Displacement Gas Meters
460(9)
2.25 Positive-Displacement Liquid Meters and Provers
469(13)
2.26 Purge Flow Regulators
482(4)
2.27 Segmental Wedge Flowmeter
486(6)
2.28 Sight Flow Indicators
492(8)
2.29 Solids Flowmeter and Feeder
500(25)
2.30 Target Meters
525(6)
2.31 Turbine and Other Rotary Element Flowmeters
531(19)
2.32 Ultrasonic Flowmeters
550(17)
2.33 Variable Area, Gap, and Vane Flowmeters
567(11)
2.34 Venturi, Proprietary Tubes, and Flow Nozzles
578(15)
2.35 Vortex and Fluidic Flowmeters
593(13)
2.36 V-Shaped Cone Flow Elements
606(6)
2.37 Weirs and Flumes for Open Channels
612(9)
3 Level Measurement
621(280)
3.1 Selection of Level Detectors
627(21)
3.2 Installation Considerations
648(5)
3.3 Applications: Interface, Foam, Boiling Services
653(7)
3.4 Applications: Non-Contacting, Non-Penetrating
660(5)
3.5 Applications: Tank Gauges for Oil and Gas
665(15)
3.6 Applications: Water Level Measurement in Nuclear Reactors
680(6)
3.7 Bubblers
686(11)
3.8 Capacitance and Radio Frequency (RF) Admittance
697(18)
3.9 Conductivity and Field-Effect Level Switches
715(5)
3.10 Diaphragm Level Detectors
720(7)
3.11 Differential Pressure Level Detectors
727(21)
3.12 Displacer Type Level Detectors
748(14)
3.13 Float Level Devices
762(11)
3.14 Laser Level Sensors
773(9)
3.15 Level Gauges, Including Magnetic
782(16)
3.16 Magnetostrictive Level Transmitters
798(6)
3.17 Microwave Level Switches
804(7)
3.18 Optical and IR Level Switches
811(5)
3.19 Radar: Contact Level Sensors (TDR, GWR, and PDS)
816(9)
3.20 Radar: Non-Contacting Level Sensors
825(10)
3.21 Radiation Level Sensors
835(20)
3.22 Resistance Tapes
855(8)
3.23 Rotary Paddle Switches (Solids Level Detector)
863(5)
3.24 Tank Farm Gauges for Liquids and Solids
868(12)
3.25 Thermal Dispersion Level Sensors
880(4)
3.26 Ultrasonic Level Detectors
884(13)
3.27 Vibrating Level Switches
897(4)
4 Temperature Measurement
901(230)
4.1 Selection of Temperature Sensors
905(31)
4.2 Applications: Cryogenic Temperature Measurement
936(6)
4.3 Applications: High Temperature
942(23)
4.4 Bimetallic Thermometers
965(6)
4.5 Calibrators and Simulators
971(6)
4.6 Cones, Crayons, Labels, Paints, and Pellets
977(6)
4.7 Filled-Bulb and Glass-Stem Thermometers
983(14)
4.8 Integrated Circuitry (IC), Transistors and Diodes
997(6)
4.9 Miscellaneous Temperature Sensors
1003(9)
4.10 Optical Fiber Thermometers (OFT)
1012(10)
4.11 Radiation Pyrometers: Infrared (IR), Total, and Optical
1022(18)
4.12 Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)
1040(15)
4.13 Temperature Switches and Thermostats
1055(12)
4.14 Thermistors
1067(11)
4.15 Thermocouples
1078(30)
4.16 Thermowells
1108(17)
4.17 Ultrasonic Thermometers
1125(6)
5 Pressure Measurement
1131(144)
5.1 Selection of Pressure Detectors
1134(11)
5.2 Accessories (Seals, Snubbers, Calibrators, Manifolds)
1145(14)
5.3 Bellows Elements and Barometers
1159(7)
5.4 Bourdon and Helical Pressure Sensors
1166(5)
5.5 Diaphragm or Capsule Elements
1171(7)
5.6 Differential Pressure Instruments
1178(14)
5.7 Electronic Pressure Sensors
1192(16)
5.8 High-Pressure Sensors
1208(6)
5.9 Manometers
1214(12)
5.10 Pneumatic Repeaters and Boosters
1226(6)
5.11 Pressure and Differential Pressure (D/P) Switches
1232(10)
5.12 Pressure Gauges
1242(10)
5.13 Pressure Scanners
1252(7)
5.14 Vacuum Sensors
1259(16)
6 Density Measurement
1275(86)
6.1 Selection of Density Detectors
1278(15)
6.2 Displacement and Float-Type Densitometers
1293(8)
6.3 Gas Densitometers
1301(12)
6.4 Hydrometers
1313(4)
6.5 Hydrostatic Densitometers
1317(9)
6.6 Oscillating Densitometers (Coriolis)
1326(7)
6.7 Radiation Densitometers
1333(10)
6.8 Ultrasonic Sludge Slurry Densitometers
1343(4)
6.9 Vibrating Densitometers
1347(9)
6.10 Weighing Densitometers
1356(5)
7 Miscellaneous Sensors
1361(266)
7.1 Building Optimization Sensors
1367(16)
7.2 Electric Energy Management: Demand Shedding
1383(6)
7.3 Electric Meters
1389(17)
7.4 Machine Vision Technology
1406(7)
7.5 Metal Detectors
1413(6)
7.6 Noise Sensors and Nondestructive Testing
1419(10)
7.7 Nuclear Reactor Measurements
1429(14)
7.8 Pipe Integrity Gauges (PIGs)
1443(15)
7.9 Position Measurement, Linear and Angular
1458(13)
7.10 Proximity Sensors and Limit Switches
1471(13)
7.11 Solar Collector Positioning
1484(6)
7.12 Tachometers and Angular Speed Detectors
1490(9)
7.13 Thickness and Dimension Measurement
1499(9)
7.14 Torque and Force Measurement
1508(12)
7.15 Transportation Related Sensors
1520(17)
7.16 Vibration, Shock, and Acceleration
1537(19)
7.17 Visual Inspection Tools, Borescopes
1556(6)
7.18 Weather Stations
1562(12)
7.19 Weight Detectors Load Cells
1574(32)
7.20 Weighing Systems
1606(21)
8 Safety Sensors
1627(246)
8.1 Annunciators and Alarms Management
1632(28)
8.2 Electrical and Intrinsic Safety
1660(17)
8.3 Excess Flow and Regular Check Valves
1677(8)
8.4 Explosion Proofing of Instrumentation
1685(27)
8.5 Explosion Suppression and Deluge Systems
1712(10)
8.6 Flame Arrestor, Conservation and Emergency Vents
1722(11)
8.7 Flame, Fire, and Smoke Detectors
1733(10)
8.8 Nuclear Accidents
1743(22)
8.9 Nuclear Radiation Detectors
1765(14)
8.10 Oil Industry Accidents
1779(23)
8.11 Relief Valves: Determination of Required Capacity
1802(23)
8.12 Relief Valves: Sizing, Specification, and Installation
1825(33)
8.13 Rupture Discs
1858(15)
9 Transmitters
1873(68)
9.1 Transmitters: Electronic
1875(19)
9.2 Transmitters: Fiber-Optic
1894(13)
9.3 Transmitters: Pneumatic
1907(15)
9.4 Transmitters: Smart, Multivariable
1922(11)
9.5 Transmitters: Wireless
1933(8)
Appendix
1941
A.1 Definitions
1943(47)
A.2 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols
1990(20)
A.3 Organizations
2010(3)
A.4 Flowsheet and Functional Diagrams Symbols
2013(47)
A.5 Conversion among Engineering Units
2060(37)
A.6 Chemical Resistance of Materials
2097(23)
A.7 Composition and Properties of Metallic and Other Materials
2120(7)
A.8 Steam and Water Tables
2127(8)
A.9 Friction Loss in Pipes
2135(6)
A.10 Tank Volumes
2141
Index 2145
Introduction ix
Contributors xvii
1 Analytical Measurement
1
1.1 Analyzer Selection and Application
19(34)
1.2 Analyzer Sampling
53(26)
1.3 Analyzer Sampling: Stack Monitoring
79(12)
1.4 Analyzer Sampling: Air Quality Monitoring
91(18)
1.5 Ammonia Analyzers
109(8)
1.6 Biometers to Quantify Microorganisms
117(6)
1.7 Carbon Dioxide
123(9)
1.8 Carbon Monoxide
132(10)
1.9 Chlorine Analyzers
142(12)
1.10 Chromatographs: Gas
154(36)
1.11 Chromatographs: Liquid
190(10)
1.12 Coal Analyzers
200(10)
1.13 Colorimeters
210(9)
1.14 Combustible Gas or Vapor Sensors
219(16)
1.15 Conductivity Measurement
235(13)
1.16 Consistency Measurement
248(10)
1.17 Corrosion Monitoring
258(11)
1.18 Cyanide Analyzers: Weak-Acid Dissociable (WAD)
269(8)
1.19 Differential Vapor Pressure
277(7)
1.20 Dioxin and Persistent Organic Pollutants Analyzers
284(6)
1.21 Electrochemical Analyzers
290(13)
1.22 Elemental Analyzers
303(9)
1.23 Fiber-Optic (FO) Probes and Cables
312(18)
1.24 Flame, Fire, and Smoke Detectors
330(13)
1.25 Fluoride Analyzers
343(9)
1.26 Hazardous and Toxic Gas Monitoring
352(26)
1.27 Heating Value Calorimeters
378(12)
1.28 Hydrocarbon Analyzers
390(13)
1.29 Hydrogen Cyanide [ HCN] Detectors
403(8)
1.30 Hydrogen in Steam or Air Analyzers
411(10)
1.31 Hydrogen Sulfide Detectors
421(8)
1.32 Infrared and Near-Infrared Analyzers
429(29)
1.33 Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISE)
458(16)
1.34 Leak Detectors
474(12)
1.35 Mass Spectrometers
486(11)
1.36 Mercury in Ambient Air
497(10)
1.37 Mercury in Water
507(12)
1.38 Moisture in Air: Humidity and Dew Point
519(21)
1.39 Moisture in Gases and Liquids
540(21)
1.40 Moisture in Solids
561(19)
1.41 Molecular Weight of Liquids
580(17)
1.42 Natural Gas Measurements
597(9)
1.43 Nitrogen, Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate
606(9)
1.44 Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Analyzers
615(10)
1.45 Odor Detection
625(9)
1.46 Oil in or on Water
634(18)
1.47 Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
652(13)
1.48 Oxygen Demands (BOD, COD, TOD)
665(17)
1.49 Oxygen in Gases
682(18)
1.50 Oxygen in Liquids (Dissolved Oxygen)
700(14)
1.51 Ozone in Gas
714(10)
1.52 Ozone in Water
724(7)
1.53 Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Monitors
731(11)
1.54 Particulate, Opacity, Air and Emission Monitoring
742(22)
1.55 pH Measurement
764(28)
1.56 Phosphate Analyzer
792(8)
1.57 Physical Properties Analyzers for Petroleum Products
800(25)
1.58 Raman Analyzers
825(24)
1.59 Refractometers
849(15)
1.60 Rheometers
864(14)
1.61 Sand Concentration and Subsea Pipeline Erosion Detectors
878(8)
1.62 Spectrometers, Open Path (OP)
886(23)
1.63 Streaming Current Particle Charge Analyzer
909(11)
1.64 Sulfur Dioxide and Trioxide
920(11)
1.65 Sulfur in Oil and Gas
931(10)
1.66 Thermal Conductivity Detectors
941(10)
1.67 Total Carbon and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyzers
951(15)
1.68 Turbidity, Sludge and Suspended Solids
966(15)
1.69 Ultraviolet and Visible Analyzers
981(21)
1.70 Viscometers: Application and Selection
1002(14)
1.71 Viscometers: Industrial
1016(29)
1.72 Viscometers: Laboratory
1045(24)
1.73 Water Quality Monitoring
1069(18)
1.74 Wet Chemistry and Autotitrator Analyzers
1087(14)
Appendix
1101(194)
A.1 Definitions
1103(47)
A.2 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols
1150(20)
A.3 Organizations
1170(3)
A.4 Flowsheet and Functional Diagrams Symbols
1173(47)
A.5 Conversion among Engineering Units
1220(37)
A.6 Chemical Resistance of Materials
1257(23)
A.7 Composition and Properties of Metallic and Other Materials
1280(7)
A.8 Steam and Water Tables
1287(8)
Index 1295
Béla Lipták was born in 1936 in Hungary. As a technical university student, he participated in the revolution against the Soviet occupation, escaped, and entered the United States as a refugee in 1956. In 1959, he received an engineering degree from the Stevens Institute of Technology. In 1962, he received a masters degree from the City College of New York. He later studied computers at the graduate level at the Pratt Institute. In 1960, he became the chief instrument engineer of Crawford and Russell, where he led the automation of dozens of industrial plants for more than a decade. In 1969, he published the multi-volume Instrument Engineers Handbook, which today is in its fifth edition. In 1975, he received his professional engineering license and founded his consulting firm, Béla Lipták Associates PC, which provides design and consulting services in the fields of automation and industrial safety. Over the years, he has lectured on automation at many universities around the world, including Yale University, where he taught automation as an adjunct professor in 1987. His inventions include the transportation and storage of solar energy and the design of safe nuclear reactors. His 50+ years of professional experience include the automation of several dozen industrial plants and the publication of more than 300 technical articles (http://www.controlglobal.com/voices/liptak/) and 20+ books on various aspects of automation, safety, and energy technologies. (http://www.amazon.com/B%C3%A9la-G.-Lipt%C3%A1k/e/B001K8B0U0). In 1973, he was elected as a fellow of the International Society of Automation (ISA). In 1995, he received the Technical Achievement Award. In 2001, he received the Control Hall of Fame Award. He was the keynote speaker at the 2002 and 2011 ISA conventions. In 2012, he received the ISAs Lifetime Achievement Award.