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E-raamat: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies

Edited by (Energy Conversion and Conservation Center, University of New Orleans, USA), Edited by (U.S. Department of Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Woodhead Publishing Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780081001851
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Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) TechnologiesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Woodhead Publishing Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780081001851
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Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies discusses this innovative power generation technology that combines modern coal gasification technology with both gas turbine and steam turbine power generation, an important emerging technology which has the potential to significantly improve the efficiencies and emissions of coal power plants.

The advantages of this technology over conventional pulverized coal power plants include fuel flexibility, greater efficiencies, and very low pollutant emissions. The book reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants and how they can be integrated to maximize efficiency and reduce the cost of electricity generation in a carbon-constrained world.

The first part of this book introduces the principles of IGCC systems and the fuel types for use in IGCC systems. The second part covers syngas production within IGCC systems. The third part looks at syngas cleaning, the separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment, with final sections describing the gas turbine combined cycle and presenting several case studies of existing IGCC plants.

  • Provides an in-depth, multi-contributor overview of integrated gasification combined cycle technologies
  • Reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants
  • Provides several case studies of existing IGCC plants around the world

Muu info

This comprehensive book reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants and how they can be integrated to maximize efficiency and reduce the cost of electricity generation in a carbon-constrained world
List of Contributors
xiii
1 An overview of IGCC systems
1(80)
Ting Wang
1.1 Introduction of IGCC
1(2)
1.2 Layouts of key IGCC components and processes
3(2)
1.3 Gasification process
5(8)
1.4 Gasifiers
13(19)
1.5 Syngas cooling
32(2)
1.6 Gas cleanup system
34(6)
1.7 WGS application for pre-combustion CO2 capture
40(5)
1.8 Combined cycle power island
45(10)
1.9 Economics
55(8)
1.10 Cogasification of coal/biomass
63(9)
1.11 Polygeneration
72(1)
1.12 Conclusion
73(8)
Nomenclatures and acronyms
75(1)
References
76(5)
Part I Fuel types for use in IGCC systems
81(140)
2 Utilization of coal in IGCC systems
83(38)
Sarma V. Pisupati
Vijayaragavan Krishnamoorthy
2.1 Introduction
83(1)
2.2 Integrated gasification combined cycle demonstration systems
83(2)
2.3 Characteristics of coals
85(13)
2.4 Comparison of high-rank coals versus low-rank coals properties for IGCC applications
98(1)
2.5 Coal preparation
98(8)
2.6 Feeding system
106(2)
2.7 Influence of coal rank on gasifier operation
108(4)
2.8 Utilization of other feedstocks in IGCC
112(2)
2.9 Areas for improvement in gasification for viable use of IGCC technology
114(7)
References
114(7)
3 Petroleum coke (petcoke) and refinery residues
121(24)
Luca Mancuso
Silvio Arienti
3.1 Introduction
121(1)
3.2 Overview of petroleum coke for use in gasification plants
122(3)
3.3 Overview of the refinery residues for use in gasification plants
125(8)
3.4 Integration of refineries with gasification plants
133(9)
3.5 Conclusions
142(3)
Further Reading
142(3)
4 Biomass feedstock for IGCC systems
145(36)
Francesco Fantozzi
Pietro Bartocci
4.1 Introduction
145(1)
4.2 Biomass feedstocks for gasification
146(4)
4.3 Preparation of biomass for gasification
150(19)
4.4 IGCC Technology options for biomass fuels
169(4)
4.5 Conclusions
173(8)
Nomenclatures and acronyms
173(1)
References
174(7)
5 Municipal wastes and other potential fuels for use in IGCC systems
181(40)
Veena Subramanyam
Alex Gorodetsky
5.1 Municipal solid waste and gasification technology
181(5)
5.2 Plasma gasification technology
186(8)
5.3 Commercial facilities (WPC plasma gasification technology)
194(14)
5.4 Process description-IPGCC power plant
208(3)
5.5 Environmental considerations
211(4)
5.6 Summary/Observations
215(6)
References
217(4)
Part II Syngas production and cooling
221(152)
6 Gasification fundamentals
223(34)
Thomas H. Fletcher
6.1 Introduction
223(1)
6.2 Characterization of fuels
223(2)
6.3 Classification of fuels
225(1)
6.4 Moisture evaporation
226(1)
6.5 Pyrolysis and volatiles release
227(8)
6.6 Heterogenous reactions
235(8)
6.7 Mineral matter transformations and ash deposition
243(5)
6.8 Syngas composition
248(1)
6.9 Air-blown versus oxygen blown
248(3)
6.10 Summary
251(6)
References
251(6)
7 Effect of coal nature on the gasification process
257(48)
Mustafa Ozer
Omar M. Basha
Gary Stiegel
Badie Morsi
7.1 Introduction
257(7)
7.2 Effect of coal properties on the gasification process
264(28)
7.3 Concluding Remarks
292(13)
Acknowledgment
294(1)
References
294(11)
8 Major gasifiers for IGCC systems
305(52)
Dr. David Gray
8.1 Introduction
305(1)
8.2 Brief overview of the gasification process
306(1)
8.3 Generic gasifier characteristics
306(3)
8.4 Commercial entrained flow gasifiers
309(1)
8.5 The General Electric gasifier
309(4)
8.6 The Shell coal gasification process
313(5)
8.7 The Siemens fuel gasification technology
318(3)
8.8 The CB&I E-Gas coal gasification process
321(5)
8.9 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems gasification technology
326(1)
8.10 The Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions PRENFLO coal gasification process
327(4)
8.11 Commercial fluid bed gasifiers
331(4)
8.12 The HTW fluid bed gasifier
335(3)
8.13 The Kellogg Brown and Root transport gasifier (TRIG)
338(2)
8.14 Commercial fixed (moving) bed gasifiers
340(1)
8.15 Chinese gasifiers
341(1)
8.16 East China University of Science and Technology opposed multiple burner gasifier
341(6)
8.17 The TPRI gasifier
347(1)
8.18 Emerging technologies, and novel concepts
348(1)
8.19 The AR/GTI compact gasifier
348(1)
8.20 Chemical looping gasification
349(1)
8.21 Summary and conclusions
350(7)
Acknowledgments
352(1)
References
352(5)
9 Syngas cooling in IGCC systems
357(16)
Giovanni Lozza
9.1 Introduction: purpose of cooling syngas after gasification
357(1)
9.2 Thermodynamic aspects of syngas cooling
358(2)
9.3 Methods of high temperature cooling
360(6)
9.4 Low- temperature cooling and syngas saturation
366(2)
9.5 Potential of high temperature gas clean-up
368(1)
9.6 Impact on the power cycle
369(4)
References
370(3)
Part III Syngas cleaning, separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment
373(122)
10 Wet scrubbing and gas filtration of syngas in IGCC systems
375(1)
Herbert M. Kosstrin
10.1 Introduction
375(10)
10.2 Contaminants removal of coal-based IGCC systems
375(4)
10.3 Contaminants removal from biomass-based IGCC systems
379(1)
10.4 Efficiency of IGCC systems as related to WS/PR
380(1)
10.5 New technologies
381(4)
References
382(3)
11 Acid gas removal from syngas in IGCC plants
385(34)
Debangsu Bhattacharyya
Richard Turton
Stephen E. Zitney
11.1 Introduction
385(1)
11.2 Chemical solvents
386(8)
11.3 Physical solvents
394(7)
11.4 Hybrid solvents
401(1)
11.5 Warm gas cleanup technologies
402(4)
11.6 Other technologies
406(3)
11.7 Applications of AGR technologies in commercial IGCC plants
409(1)
11.8 Impact of sulfur recovery technology on the selection of the AGR technology
409(2)
11.9 Conclusions
411(8)
References
411(8)
12 Hydrogen production in IGCC systems
419(26)
Claudio Allevi
Guido Collodi
12.1 Introduction: hydrogen coproduction in integrated gasification combined cycle systems
419(1)
12.2 Processes for hydrogen production from IGCC
419(8)
12.3 Advanced concepts for hydrogen production
427(7)
12.4 Advantage of hydrogen coproduction in IGCC
434(3)
12.5 Hydrogen storage
437(3)
12.6 Summary
440(5)
Nomenclature
441(1)
References
441(4)
13 Integration of carbon capture in IGCC systems
445(20)
Steven M. Carpenter
Henry A. Long
13.1 Introduction
445(1)
13.2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture
446(1)
13.3 Types of CCUS technology
447(11)
13.4 Future trends for CCUS technologies for IGCC systems
458(1)
13.5 Integration of CCUS technologies into IGCC systems
459(1)
13.6 Conclusions
460(5)
References
460(5)
14 By-products from the integrated gas combined cycle in IGCC systems
465(30)
Fatima Arroyo Torralvo
Constantino Fernandez Pereira
Oriol Font Piqueras
14.1 Introduction
465(2)
14.2 Generation of residues in IGCC
467(7)
14.3 Characterization of by-products from IGCC systems
474(3)
14.4 Management of by-products
477(7)
14.5 Examples
484(1)
14.6 Future Trends
485(3)
14.7 Summary
488(1)
14.8 Sources and further information
489(6)
References
489(6)
Part IV The combined cycle power island and IGCC system simulations
495(146)
15 The gas and steam turbines and combined cycle in IGCC systems
497(144)
Ting Wang
15.1 Introduction
498(1)
15.2 Gas turbine systems
499(2)
15.3 Thermodynamics of the Brayton Cycle
501(19)
15.4 Industrial heavy-frame gas turbine systems
520(5)
15.5 Axial compressors and turbine aerodynamics
525(11)
15.6 Turbine blade cooling
536(23)
15.7 Thermal-flow characteristics in dump diffuser and combustor-transition piece
559(11)
15.8 Combustion
570(5)
15.9 Steam turbine systems
575(9)
15.10 Heat recovery steam generator
584(7)
15.11 Combined cycle
591(7)
15.12 Gas turbine inlet fogging
598(19)
15.13 Case study of various power systems fueled with low calorific value (LCV) producer gases derived from biomass including inlet fogging and steam injection
617(14)
15.14 Conclusions
631(10)
References
633(8)
Part V Case studies of existing IGCC plants
641(237)
16 A Simulated IGCC Case Study Without CCS
643(22)
Henry A. Long
Ting Wang
16.1 Introduction
643(1)
16.2 Case summary and software description
643(1)
16.3 Gasification block
644(3)
16.4 Gas cleanup system
647(4)
16.5 Power block
651(5)
16.6 Steam seal and condenser
656(2)
16.7 Results of the IGCC plant model
658(1)
16.8 Conclusions
658(7)
References
662(3)
17 Dynamic IGCC system simulator
665(34)
Stephen E. Zitney
Debangsu Bhattacharyya
Richard Turton
17.1 Introduction
665(2)
17.2 Development of an IGCC dynamic simulator with an operator training system (OTS)
667(8)
17.3 Capabilities, features, and architecture of the IGCC dynamic simulator and OTS
675(6)
17.4 3D virtual plant and immersive training system
681(1)
17.5 Capabilities, features, and architecture of the IGCC 3D virtual plant and ITS
682(3)
17.6 Leveraging the IGCC dynamic simulator and 3D virtual plant in advanced research
685(5)
17.7 Using the IGCC OTS and ITS in engineering education and industry workforce training
690(1)
17.8 Conclusions
691(8)
Nomenclature
691(1)
References
692(7)
18 Case study: Wabash River Coal Gasification Repowering Project, USA
699(16)
Phil Amick
18.1 Project structure and background
699(1)
18.2 Project description
700(6)
18.3 Environmental performance
706(2)
18.4 Design and construction
708(2)
18.5 Commercial operation
710(2)
18.6 Ownership changes
712(1)
18.7 Conclusion
713(2)
References
713(2)
19 Case study: Nuon-Buggenum, The Netherlands
715(38)
Loek Schoenmakers
19.1 Introduction
715(5)
19.2 Coal milling and drying
720(5)
19.3 Coal feeding
725(5)
19.4 Gasification system and fly ash removal
730(10)
19.5 Gas cleaning and sulfur recovery
740(6)
19.6 Air separation unit
746(1)
19.7 Combined cycle unit
747(4)
19.8 Conclusions
751(2)
Reference
751(2)
20 Case Study: ELCOGAS Puertollano IGCC power plant, Spain
753(24)
P. Casero
P. Coca
F. Garcia-Pena
N. Hervas
20.1 ELCOGAS description
753(1)
20.2 Technical description of Puertollano IGCC plant
753(5)
20.3 Operating experience
758(4)
20.4 Lessons learned
762(6)
20.5 R&D investment plan
768(6)
20.6 Future prospects
774(3)
References
775(2)
21 Case study: Sarlux IGCC power plant, Italy
777(22)
Claudio Allevi
Guido Collodi
21.1 Background---synergy and integration with the refinery
777(1)
21.2 General description of Sarlux IGCC complex
778(5)
21.3 Technical aspects and peculiarities of SARLUX IGCC
783(3)
21.4 Plant performances
786(1)
21.5 Environmental impact
787(2)
21.6 Schedule of activities
789(1)
21.7 Construction activities
789(1)
21.8 Startup and performance tests
790(1)
21.9 Key operational issues
791(1)
21.10 IGCC complex availability and commercial operation
791(2)
21.11 Further improvements
793(2)
21.12 Conclusions
795(4)
Nomenclature
795(1)
Further Reading
795(4)
22 Case study: Nakoso IGCC power plant, Japan
799(18)
Testuji Asano
22.1 Air-blown IGCC demonstration test
799(5)
22.2 Results and evaluation of the demonstration test
804(8)
22.3 Operation plans after converting a demonstration plant to commercial use
812(1)
22.4 Operation result after converting the demonstration plant to commercial use
812(1)
22.5 Large-scale IGCC development plans by TEPCO
813(1)
22.6 Conclusion
814(3)
References
815(2)
23 Case study: Kemper County IGCC project, USA
817(16)
Diane R. Madden
23.1 Kemper County IGCC project description
817(1)
23.2 Process overview
818(1)
23.3 Technical description of Kemper County IGCC plant
818(10)
23.4 Lignite properties
828(1)
23.5 Expected synthesis gas composition
829(1)
23.6 Projected environmental performance
829(1)
23.7 Major accomplishments to date
830(1)
23.8 Kemper IGCC demonstration period
831(1)
23.9 Conclusion
831(2)
Further Reading
832(1)
24 Improvement opportunities for IGCC
833(14)
He Fen
Rob van den Berg
24.1 CO2 capture: opportunities for IGCC
833(3)
24.2 Improvement of key units in IGCC with and without CCS
836(6)
24.3 Efficiency of IGCC
842(3)
24.4 Conclusions and outlook
845(2)
References
845(2)
25 The current status and future prospects for IGCC systems
847(31)
Christian Wolfersdorf
Bernd Meyer
Abbreviations
847(2)
25.1 Introduction
849(1)
25.2 IGCC status
850(11)
25.3 Polygeneration
861(4)
25.4 IGCC outlook
865(13)
25.5 Summary
878(1)
Sources of further information and advice 878(1)
References 879(12)
Index 891
Dr Ting Wang is the Jack and Reba Matthey Endowed Chair of Energy Research, Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at The University of New Orleans, and Director of the Energy and Conversion and Conservation Center, USA. Dr Gary Stiegel is Director of the Major Project Division at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, USA. He is responsible for the Department of Energys commercial demonstration projects within the Clean Coal Power Initiative and Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage programs.
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