Part I Theory |
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1 Elements of Mechatronic Systems |
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3 | (12) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.4 Input Signal Conditioning and Interfacing |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Digital Control Architecture |
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5 | (1) |
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1.6 Output Signal Conditioning and Interfacing |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.9 Reconfigurable Systems |
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6 | (1) |
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1.10 Autonomous Supervisory Control |
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7 | (1) |
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1.11 Artificial Intelligence |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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1.13 Decision Support System |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.15 Fault, Failure, and Safety |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.17 Examples of Mechatronic Systems |
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11 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.18 Why Mechatronics System Simulation? |
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13 | (1) |
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1.19 Future of Mechatronics |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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2 Bond Graph Modeling of Mechatronic Systems |
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15 | (96) |
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2.1 Why Bond Graph for Mechatronics? |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2 Bond Graph for Modeling, Control, and Diagnosis |
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16 | (1) |
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2.3 Bond Graph Modeling Theory |
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17 | (6) |
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2.3.1 Concepts and Definitions |
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17 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Power as a Unified Coordinate System |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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2.3.6 Analogy of Energy Variables |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (19) |
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2.4.1 One-Port Passive Elements |
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25 | (6) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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2.4.4 Two-Port Elements: Transformer and Gyrator |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (5) |
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42 | (8) |
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2.5.1 Sequential Causality Assignment Procedure (SCAP) |
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44 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Derivative Causality and Its Implications |
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46 | (3) |
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2.5.3 Bicausal Bond Graphs |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (5) |
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2.6.1 Different Types of Causal Paths |
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50 | (2) |
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2.6.2 Closed Causal Paths |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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2.7 State-Space Equations |
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55 | (7) |
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56 | (1) |
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2.7.2 Properties of State Variables |
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56 | (1) |
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2.7.3 Steps for Equation Derivation |
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57 | (1) |
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2.7.4 Example: State-Space Equation of an Electrical System |
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57 | (2) |
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2.7.5 Deriving Block Diagram Model from Bond Graph Model |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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2.8 The Art of Constructing Bond Graph Models |
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62 | (20) |
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2.8.1 A Note on Power Directions |
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62 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Simplification Rules |
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63 | (2) |
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2.8.3 Bond Graphs for Electrical Systems |
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65 | (3) |
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2.8.4 Bond Graphs for Equivalent Networks |
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68 | (1) |
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2.8.5 Bond Graphs for Mechanical Systems |
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69 | (8) |
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2.8.6 Bond Graphs for Multi-Energy Domain Systems |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (3) |
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2.9 Multiport Field Elements |
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82 | (15) |
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82 | (1) |
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2.9.2 Multiport Elements in Process Engineering |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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2.9.8 Multiport Transformers and Gyrators |
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93 | (2) |
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2.9.9 Vector Bond Graph for Rigid-Body Dynamics |
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95 | (2) |
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2.10 Bond Graph Modeling of Uncertain Systems |
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97 | (3) |
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2.10.1 Linear Fractional Transformation (LFT) |
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97 | (1) |
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2.10.2 LFT Modeling of Bond Graph Elements |
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98 | (2) |
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2.11 Automated Modeling: An Application Example |
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100 | (7) |
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2.11.1 Bond Graph Software |
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100 | (2) |
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2.11.2 Description of the System |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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2.11.5 Simulation Block Diagram |
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104 | (1) |
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2.11.6 Stale Equations and Simulation |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (4) |
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3 Modeling of Actuators, Sensors, and Electronic Circuits |
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111 | (120) |
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111 | (51) |
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3.1.1 Models of Mechanical Actuators |
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112 | (18) |
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3.1.2 Models of Electrical Actuators |
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130 | (21) |
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3.1.3 Models of Hydraulic Servo-Actuator |
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151 | (2) |
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3.1.4 Model of Pneumatic Actuators |
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153 | (9) |
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162 | (18) |
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3.2.1 Performance Terminology |
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163 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Static and Dynamic Characteristics |
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164 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Classification of Sensors |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Activation of Bonds |
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165 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Power Associated with Activated Bonds |
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166 | (1) |
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3.2.7 Modeling Mechatronic Systems with Activated Bonds |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (6) |
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174 | (1) |
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3.2.10 Acceleration Sensors |
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175 | (2) |
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3.2.11 Force and Pressure Sensors |
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177 | (3) |
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3.3 Models of Electronic Circuit Components |
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180 | (47) |
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3.3.1 Signal Conditioning |
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180 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Operational Amplifiers |
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181 | (6) |
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187 | (9) |
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3.3.4 Semiconductor Diode |
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196 | (9) |
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205 | (22) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (2) |
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4 Physical Model-Based Control |
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231 | (50) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (12) |
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4.2.1 Construction of Signal Flow Graph |
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232 | (6) |
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4.2.2 Transfer Function from State-Space Models |
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238 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Block Diagram Models |
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240 | (4) |
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244 | (7) |
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4.3.1 Transfer Function from Causal Paths |
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245 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Closed-Loop Transfer Function |
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246 | (5) |
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4.4 Controller and Observer Design |
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251 | (5) |
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252 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Controllability and Observability |
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253 | (3) |
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4.5 Structural Analysis of Control Properties |
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256 | (18) |
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259 | (3) |
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4.5.2 Structural Controllability |
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262 | (2) |
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4.5.3 Structural Observability |
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264 | (2) |
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4.5.4 Infinite Zeroes and Relative Degree |
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266 | (6) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (3) |
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279 | (2) |
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5 Rigid Body, Flexible Body, and Micro Electromechanical Systems |
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281 | (156) |
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281 | (1) |
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5.2 Planar Multibody Systems |
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282 | (24) |
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5.2.1 Bond Graph Modeling of Flexible Two-Force Members |
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282 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Model of Rigid Planar Links |
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284 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Modeling Revolute Joints |
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285 | (2) |
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5.2.4 Detailed Model of Revolute Joint |
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287 | (4) |
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5.2.5 Model of the Slider Component |
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291 | (3) |
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5.2.6 Case Study-I: Rapson Slide |
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294 | (3) |
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5.2.7 Case Study-II: A Seven-Body Mechanism |
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297 | (3) |
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5.2.8 Modeling Hydraulic Actuators |
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300 | (6) |
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5.3 Spatial Multibody Systems |
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306 | (15) |
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5.3.1 Noninertial Reference Frame |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Coordinate Transformation |
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310 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Transformation of Angular Velocities |
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312 | (3) |
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5.3.5 Model of a Spinning Top |
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315 | (3) |
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5.3.6 Model of Three-Dimensional Prismatic Joint |
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318 | (3) |
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5.4 Flexible Body Systems |
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321 | (72) |
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322 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Euler-Bernoulli Beam Model |
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322 | (6) |
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328 | (3) |
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5.4.4 Rayleigh Beam Model |
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331 | (6) |
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5.4.5 Centrifugal Stiffening |
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337 | (3) |
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5.4.6 Beams Made of Two Layers |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (4) |
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5.4.8 Piezoelectric Effect |
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345 | (15) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (4) |
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364 | (6) |
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5.4.12 Energy Harvesting System |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (4) |
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5.4.14 Shape-Memory Alloys |
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376 | (11) |
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5.4.15 A Note on Memristor and Memcapacitance |
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387 | (6) |
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393 | (34) |
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5.5.1 Rolling Element Bearings |
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393 | (4) |
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397 | (5) |
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402 | (12) |
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5.5.4 Source Interaction in Rotor Dynamics |
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414 | (10) |
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5.5.5 Shape-Memory Alloy Based Control of Passage Through Resonance |
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424 | (3) |
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427 | (10) |
Part II Advanced Topics and Applications |
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6 Vehicle Mechatronic Systems |
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437 | (140) |
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6.1 Model of a Four Wheel Vehicle |
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438 | (37) |
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6.1.1 Word Bond Graph Representation |
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439 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Tire Slip Forces and Moments |
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439 | (3) |
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442 | (2) |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (2) |
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446 | (1) |
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6.1.7 Slider-Crank System |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (9) |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (3) |
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462 | (1) |
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6.1.12 Engine Dynamics Simulation |
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463 | (3) |
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466 | (7) |
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6.1.14 Integrated Four Wheel Vehicle Model |
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473 | (1) |
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6.1.15 Simulation Results for Four Wheel Model |
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473 | (2) |
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475 | (22) |
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6.2.1 Passive Liquid-Spring Shock Absorber |
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477 | (6) |
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483 | (9) |
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6.2.3 Semi-active Suspensions |
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492 | (5) |
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6.3 Anti-Roll Bar and Ride Height Management |
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497 | (4) |
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6.3.1 Passive Anti-Roll Bar |
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498 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Active Anti-Roll and Ride Height Management System |
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499 | (2) |
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501 | (4) |
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6.4.1 Drive-by-Wire System |
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501 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Integral Power Steering |
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501 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Differential-Type Power Steering |
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502 | (2) |
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6.4.4 Electric Power-Assisted Steering Model |
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504 | (1) |
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6.5 Antilock Braking System |
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505 | (12) |
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6.5.1 Antilock Braking Algorithm |
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507 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Bicycle Vehicle Model |
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509 | (3) |
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6.5.3 ABS Performance Simulation |
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512 | (1) |
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6.5.4 ABS Performance While Braking and Maneuvering |
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513 | (1) |
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6.5.5 Sliding Mode ABS Control |
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514 | (3) |
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6.6 Regenerative Braking System |
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517 | (8) |
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6.6.1 Regenerative Braking Algorithm |
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519 | (2) |
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6.6.2 Validation of Regenerative Braking |
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521 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Modified Full Vehicle Model |
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522 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Performance of SMC-Based ABS with Regeneration |
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523 | (2) |
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525 | (4) |
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6.7.1 Classification of Hybrid Vehicles |
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525 | (1) |
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526 | (3) |
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6.8 Automatic Transmission |
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529 | (8) |
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6.8.1 Components of Automatic Transmission System |
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530 | (2) |
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6.8.2 Bond Graph Model of Automatic Transmission |
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532 | (1) |
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6.8.3 Torque Converter Model |
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533 | (2) |
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6.8.4 Gear Shift Logic and Transmission System Model |
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535 | (2) |
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537 | (34) |
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6.9.1 Classification of Fuel Cells |
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538 | (1) |
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6.9.2 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell |
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539 | (1) |
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6.9.3 Chemical Equilibrium |
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540 | (1) |
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6.9.4 Bond Graph Model of Chemical Reaction Kinetics |
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541 | (3) |
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544 | (18) |
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562 | (2) |
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6.9.7 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell |
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564 | (1) |
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565 | (2) |
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6.9.9 PEMFC Bond Graph Model |
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567 | (4) |
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571 | (6) |
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7 Model-Based Fault Diagnosis and Fault Tolerant Control |
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577 | (42) |
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577 | (3) |
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7.2 Quantitative Fault Detection |
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580 | (4) |
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7.2.1 Analytical Redundancy Relations |
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581 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Fault Signature Matrix |
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583 | (1) |
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583 | (1) |
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7.3 Bond Graph Model-Based Diagnosis |
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584 | (1) |
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7.4 Example Application: An Autonomous Vehicle |
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585 | (10) |
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585 | (2) |
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587 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Generation of Fault Indicators |
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589 | (2) |
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591 | (1) |
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7.4.5 Fault Accommodation Through Reconfiguration |
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592 | (1) |
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7.4.6 Fault Tolerant Control |
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592 | (1) |
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593 | (2) |
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7.5 Diagnosis of Uncertain Systems |
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595 | (17) |
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7.5.1 LFT Bond Graphs for Robust FDI |
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596 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Generation of Robust Residuals |
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597 | (2) |
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7.5.3 Sensitivity Analysis |
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599 | (4) |
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7.5.4 Application to a Mechatronic System |
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603 | (2) |
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7.5.5 Robust FDI Procedure |
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605 | (3) |
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608 | (3) |
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7.5.7 Experimental Results |
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611 | (1) |
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612 | (1) |
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613 | (6) |
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8 Introduction to Robotic Manipulators |
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619 | (64) |
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619 | (1) |
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620 | (1) |
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620 | (2) |
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8.4 Manipulator Transformations |
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622 | (7) |
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623 | (1) |
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623 | (3) |
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8.4.3 Translating Coordinate Frames |
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626 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Homogeneous Transformation Matrices |
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627 | (2) |
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629 | (3) |
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8.5.1 Assigning Coordinate Frames |
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629 | (1) |
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630 | (1) |
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630 | (2) |
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8.6 Manipulator Kinematics |
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632 | (4) |
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632 | (2) |
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634 | (2) |
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8.7 Linear and Rotational Frames in Rigid Bodies |
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636 | (4) |
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8.7.1 Translational Motion of Rigid Bodies |
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636 | (1) |
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8.7.2 Rotational Motion of Rigid Bodies |
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637 | (2) |
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8.7.3 Velocity Propagation from Link to Link |
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639 | (1) |
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640 | (1) |
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640 | (21) |
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8.8.1 Lagrange Formulation |
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642 | (3) |
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8.8.2 Newton-Euler Formulation |
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645 | (1) |
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8.8.3 Bond Graph Modeling |
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645 | (16) |
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8.9 Modeling of Flexible-Arm Manipulators |
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661 | (6) |
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662 | (1) |
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8.9.2 Euler-Bernoulli Formulation |
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662 | (5) |
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8.10 Mechatronic Design and Control of a Planar Cooperative Robot |
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667 | (9) |
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667 | (1) |
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8.10.2 Manipulator Dynamic Equation |
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668 | (1) |
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669 | (2) |
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8.10.4 Design of Cooperative Robot System |
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671 | (1) |
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8.10.5 Controller Description |
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672 | (3) |
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8.10.6 Trajectory Tracking |
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675 | (1) |
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676 | (6) |
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8.11.1 Working Principle of Haptic Device |
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677 | (2) |
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8.11.2 Applications of Haptic Devices |
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679 | (1) |
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8.11.3 Experiments with PHANTOM Omni Haptic Device |
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680 | (2) |
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682 | (1) |
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9 Robust Overwhelming Control and Impedance Control |
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683 | (20) |
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683 | (1) |
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9.2 Concept of Robust Overwhelming Control |
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683 | (3) |
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9.3 Robust Controller for Terrestrial Manipulators |
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686 | (5) |
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9.3.1 Case 1: Effort as a Reference Input |
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686 | (3) |
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9.3.2 Case 2: Flow as a Reference Input |
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689 | (2) |
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9.4 Robust Overwhelming Controller for Terrestrial Manipulator on a Flexible Foundation |
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691 | (3) |
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9.5 Impedance Controller for Terrestrial Robots |
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694 | (4) |
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9.5.1 Considerations for a Position-Force Controller for Ground Robots |
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694 | (1) |
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9.5.2 A Robust Impedance Controller for Terrestrial Robot |
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695 | (3) |
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9.6 Concept of Virtual Foundation |
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698 | (3) |
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701 | (2) |
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10 Modeling and Control of Space Robots |
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703 | (66) |
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703 | (4) |
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10.2 Space Robot as a Nonholonomic System |
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707 | (1) |
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10.3 Stationary Versus Space Robot's Formulation |
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708 | (1) |
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10.4 Mechanics of Space Robots |
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709 | (7) |
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709 | (1) |
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710 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Space Vehicle Dynamics |
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710 | (2) |
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712 | (2) |
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10.4.5 Free-Flying Robot Dynamics |
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714 | (2) |
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10.5 Bond Graph Modeling of Space Robots |
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716 | (13) |
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10.5.1 Modeling of a Two DOF Planar Space Robot |
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716 | (2) |
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10.5.2 Object-Oriented Modeling of Space Robots |
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718 | (11) |
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10.6 Trajectory Control of Space Robot |
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729 | (8) |
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10.6.1 Robust Overwhelming Controller |
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730 | (4) |
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10.6.2 A Free-Floating Space Manipulator |
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734 | (1) |
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10.6.3 Simulation and Validation |
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735 | (2) |
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10.7 Impedance Control of Space Robots |
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737 | (30) |
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737 | (2) |
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10.7.2 Force Control by Impedance Control |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
10.7.3 Modeling of One Translational DOF Impedance Controller |
|
|
740 | (10) |
|
10.7.4 Force Control of a Two DOF Planar Space Robot |
|
|
750 | (11) |
|
10.7.5 Torque Control of a Two DOF Planar Space Robot |
|
|
761 | (6) |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
|
767 | (2) |
|
11 Intelligent Transportation Systems |
|
|
769 | (100) |
|
|
769 | (5) |
|
11.2 Modeling of a Class of Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles |
|
|
774 | (8) |
|
11.2.1 RobuCar's Electric Vehicle Description |
|
|
774 | (5) |
|
11.2.2 Word Bond Graph of RobuCar's System |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
11.2.3 Kinematic and Geometric Models |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
11.3 Quarter Vehicle Model |
|
|
782 | (33) |
|
|
784 | (16) |
|
11.3.2 Electromechanical Traction System |
|
|
800 | (15) |
|
11.4 Dynamic Modeling of the Chassis |
|
|
815 | (13) |
|
11.4.1 Longitudinal Dynamic Modeling |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
11.4.2 Lateral Dynamic Modeling |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
11.4.3 Yaw Dynamic Modeling |
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
11.4.4 Suspension Dynamics Modeling |
|
|
818 | (6) |
|
11.4.5 Pitch Dynamics Modeling |
|
|
824 | (2) |
|
11.4.6 Roll Dynamics Modeling |
|
|
826 | (2) |
|
11.5 Fault Detection and Isolation |
|
|
828 | (6) |
|
|
828 | (3) |
|
11.5.2 Results of Co-Simulation |
|
|
831 | (3) |
|
|
834 | (9) |
|
11.6.1 Principle and Definitions |
|
|
834 | (2) |
|
11.6.2 LFT Bond Graph Model |
|
|
836 | (2) |
|
11.6.3 Robust ARRs Generation |
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
11.6.4 Results of Co-Simulation |
|
|
839 | (4) |
|
11.7 Fault Tolerant Control |
|
|
843 | (9) |
|
11.7.1 Objectives and Principle |
|
|
843 | (3) |
|
11.7.2 Active Reconfiguration and Co-Simulation Results |
|
|
846 | (6) |
|
11.8 Homogeneous Cooperation of Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles |
|
|
852 | (12) |
|
11.8.1 Modeling of Homogeneous Train of Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles |
|
|
852 | (2) |
|
11.8.2 Modeling of Operation Modes of Intelligent Transportation System |
|
|
854 | (4) |
|
|
858 | (5) |
|
11.8.4 Results of Co-Simulation |
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
|
865 | (4) |
|
12 Telediagnosis of Mechatronic Systems |
|
|
869 | (40) |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
870 | (4) |
|
12.2.1 Online Robot Supervision Using a Mobile Phone |
|
|
870 | (3) |
|
12.2.2 Cooperation Between Omnidirectional Robots |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
12.2.3 Intelligent Human-Robot Interaction |
|
|
874 | (1) |
|
12.3 Fault Diagnosis in Networked Control System |
|
|
874 | (2) |
|
12.4 Hybrid Model-Based Fault Diagnosis in NCS; Application to Telerobotics |
|
|
876 | (6) |
|
12.4.1 Network Part Modeling and Fault Diagnosis Observer |
|
|
876 | (3) |
|
12.4.2 Control System Modeling and Fault Diagnosis |
|
|
879 | (3) |
|
12.5 Application to Telerobotic System |
|
|
882 | (24) |
|
12.5.1 Robot System Description |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
883 | (2) |
|
12.5.3 Modeling and Fault Diagnosis of Serial Cable |
|
|
885 | (3) |
|
12.5.4 Modeling and Fault Diagnosis of the Robot Part |
|
|
888 | (18) |
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
907 | (2) |
|
13 Road Vehicle Driving Simulator |
|
|
909 | (26) |
|
13.1 Human-Machine Interface |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
13.2 Overwhelming Controller as a System Inversion Tool |
|
|
910 | (5) |
|
13.3 Modeling of 3D Stewart Platform |
|
|
915 | (6) |
|
13.3.1 3D Stewart Platform Model Without Leg Inertia |
|
|
916 | (2) |
|
|
918 | (3) |
|
13.3.3 3D Stewart Platform Model with Leg Inertia |
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
13.3.4 Inverse Model of 3D Stewart Platform |
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
|
921 | (5) |
|
13.5 Stewart Platform for Vehicle Simulator |
|
|
926 | (2) |
|
13.6 Results of Test Drive of Driving Simulator |
|
|
928 | (3) |
|
|
931 | (2) |
|
|
933 | (2) |
Index |
|
935 | |