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E-raamat: Intelligent Transport Systems: 802.11-based Roadside-to-Vehicle Communications

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781461432722
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Intelligent Transport Systems: 802.11-based Roadside-to-Vehicle CommunicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jul-2012
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781461432722
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Focusing on the nuts and bolts of wireless network access for computers on board vehicles, this volume shows how in-car computerization now does much more than merely act as a glorified map-reader. Wireless communication is transforming road travel in ways previously undreamt of, allowing vehicles to “talk” to a wider network and monitor road conditions, potential delays and traffic congestion, all automatically. Toll payments can be made without opening the driver’s window on a cold day, while vehicles might themselves take active steps to avoid collisions. It is the connection between on-board computers and wireless access points, ubiquitous in most cities now, that is a key area of research. Moving vehicles transfer their communications to new points as they progress, and this causes delays, known as “handover latency”. In this book, new stochastic models are developed to map the disruption when connecting to 802.11 WLAN points. It details the application of stochastic tools to analyzing communication networks, as well as previous literature on handover latency and relevant mathematical modeling. Finally, it presents a scheme for monitoring traffic congestion using WLAN connectivity. This volume will be a useful addition to the libraries both of wireless communication students and those studying probability theory.

This book begins by describing a mathematical model that represents disruption in WLAN-based Vehicular Communications. Secondly, it sets out to reduce the handover latency for establishing quick connections between the mobile nodes and the roadside WLAN APs.

Arvustused

From the reviews:

It is a broad-based work addressing the network-related issues of emerging wireless networks for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and road-to-vehicle (R2V) communications based on the IEEE 802.11 family of protocols. the book could be useful as an academic exploration for network systems engineers who intend to study this experimental work in greater detail. Such readers might use the authors findings to develop their own verifiable models to gain a deeper understanding of mathematical modeling of wireless networks, not just roadside and vehicle networks. (Satya Prakash Saraswat, ACM Computing Reviews, March, 2013)

1 Introduction
1(12)
1.1 802.11 Wireless LANs
2(2)
1.2 Expanding the Mobility Domain of WLANs
4(5)
1.2.1 Vehicular Communications
4(1)
1.2.2 V2V and R2V Communications
5(2)
1.2.3 Wireless Technologies for Vehicular Communications
7(2)
1.3 Challenges in 802.11-Based Vehicular Communications
9(2)
1.4 Summary
11(2)
2 Vehicular Communication: Issues and Standards
13(20)
2.1 Disruption Tolerant Networking
13(7)
2.1.1 Systems and Architectures
14(3)
2.1.2 New and Modified Protocols
17(1)
2.1.3 Prediction-Based Techniques
18(2)
2.2 Handover Latency in Wireless Networks
20(7)
2.2.1 Detection, Search, and Probing Delay
21(2)
2.2.2 Authentication and Address Allocation Delay
23(1)
2.2.3 Handovers in Vehicular Context
24(3)
2.3 IEEE Standards for Vehicular Communication
27(4)
2.3.1 Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments---802.11p
27(1)
2.3.2 Fast Transition---802.11r
28(2)
2.3.3 High Throughput---802.11n
30(1)
2.4 Summary
31(2)
3 Evaluation of WLAN Parameters in Vehicular Setup
33(24)
3.1 Parameters of Interest
34(1)
3.2 Measurement and Analysis
35(9)
3.2.1 Signal Strength
35(3)
3.2.2 Data Rates
38(4)
3.2.3 Correlation Between Data Rates and RSS
42(2)
3.3 Application: Traffic Congestion Monitoring
44(10)
3.3.1 Extended MULE Concept
45(2)
3.3.2 Roadside Infrastructure
47(3)
3.3.3 Communication Mechanism
50(4)
3.4 Summary
54(3)
4 Markov Model for R2V Communications
57(18)
4.1 Markov Models
58(4)
4.1.1 Fundamentals of Markov Chains
58(2)
4.1.2 Markov Process in R2V Communications
60(2)
4.2 Estimating the Transition Probability
62(8)
4.2.1 Data Collection
62(2)
4.2.2 Probability Distribution of Dataset
64(3)
4.2.3 Calculating Transition Probability
67(2)
4.2.4 Long-Term Error Rate
69(1)
4.3 3-State Markov Model
70(2)
4.4 Toward Hidden Markov Model
72(1)
4.5 Summary
73(2)
5 Measuring Disruption in R2V Communications
75(24)
5.1 Hidden Markov Models
75(1)
5.2 HMM Representation of R2V Communication
76(8)
5.2.1 Model Structure
77(2)
5.2.2 Estimating Model Parameters
79(2)
5.2.3 Model Generality, Limitations, and Need
81(3)
5.3 Observation Sequence of HMM
84(4)
5.4 Probabilistic Measures of Disruption
88(5)
5.4.1 Forward Algorithm
88(2)
5.4.2 State Probability
90(2)
5.4.3 Encounter Probability
92(1)
5.5 Traffic Pattern Analysis
93(5)
5.5.1 Drive Tests
94(2)
5.5.2 Variation in Disruption with Traffic Patterns
96(2)
5.6 Summary
98(1)
6 Inter-ISP Roaming for Vehicular Communications
99(12)
6.1 Intra- and Inter-ISP Roaming
99(3)
6.2 Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming
102(3)
6.2.1 WISPr Architecture
103(2)
6.3 Modifications in HMM
105(4)
6.3.1 Effectiveness of WISPr
107(2)
6.4 Summary
109(2)
7 Handover Latency: Evaluation and Reduction
111(18)
7.1 Handovers in WLANs
111(1)
7.2 Experiments and Observations
112(4)
7.2.1 Measurement Setup
113(1)
7.2.2 Observations in Vehicular Environments
113(3)
7.3 Latency Analysis
116(5)
7.3.1 DHCP Delay
116(3)
7.3.2 EAP Delay
119(2)
7.3.3 Scanning Delay
121(1)
7.4 Reducing Scanning Phase Delay
121(6)
7.4.1 Scanning Orthogonal Channels
122(3)
7.4.2 AP Performance on Orthogonal Channels
125(2)
7.5 Summary
127(2)
8 Future Directions and Research Ideas
129(6)
8.1 Future Directions
130(5)
8.1.1 Network Convergence
131(1)
8.1.2 Location Invariant Models
131(2)
8.1.3 Data Handling in Vehicular Sensor Networks
133(2)
Appendix A Backward Algorithm 135(2)
Appendix B EAP Authentication Mechanism 137(2)
Appendix C Software Tools 139(2)
References 141(8)
Index 149
Syed Faraz Hasan is an Assistant Professor in the College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University. He was with the University of Ulster at the time of this writing. He finished his PhD in Vehicular Communications from University of Ulster in 2011. He completed his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering from NED University of Engineering and Technology in 2008. His research areas include vehicular communication networks, 802.11 WLANs, stochastic modeling, and positioning and localization techniques. He serves as a reviewer in various peer-reviewed research journals.



Nazmul. H. Siddique is a lecturer in School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, University of Ulster at Magee, UK



Dr. Shyam Chakraborty was a Reader at the University of Ulster, and presently he is an independent consultant in Helsinki-Esopp, Finland. He holds a First Class M.Tech. in Opto-Electronics and Optical Communications from IIT Delhi and a D.Sc. (Tech) degree in Communications Engineering from Helsinki University of Technology. Prior to joining Ulster, he has served the Planning Commission, Government of India, Helsinki University of Technology, Academy of Finland and Ericsson. He also held visiting positions at IISc Bangalore, AIT Bangkok, Aalborg University and TU-Berlin. He was awarded the Senior Academy Fellowship of Academy of Finland for the period 20002004. Dr. Chakraborty has published two books (one research monograph and one industrial research treaties) with Springer and Wiley, seven World patents, 29 journal articles, 43 conference papers and 7 World patents. He also served as a co-guest editor of IEEE JSAC for the special issue on wireless mesh networks (2005). His research interests are, design modelling and analysis of telecommunication protocols, IPv6 based infrastructure networks, session, mobility, security and QoS management, wireless networking including IEEE 802.11, vehicular networking, GSM/GPRS,HSPA, LTE, ROLL and 6LoWPAN, etc.
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