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E-raamat: International Legal Aspects of Aerial Terrorism: Methods of Law Enforcement in Aviation

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Ius, Lex et Res Publica 22
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: Peter Lang AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783631886977
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Ius, Lex et Res Publica 22
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: Peter Lang AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783631886977
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"The monograph discusses the problem of aerial terrorism, one of the biggest challenges humanity faces in the 21st century. Its main goal is to answer the question of whether international legal regulations serve as an effective tool in the fight againstterrorists who target civil aviation. The book itself is divided into three chapters: the first one focuses on the theoretical aspect by describing the term "aerial terrorism" itself from a legal perspective. The second one is an in-depth overview of keylegal instruments drafted under the auspices of ICAO, the United Nations, and the European Union, that together form a juridical core for the fight against air terrorists. Finally, the third is a case study that depicts how the mechanisms described in the previous parts function in practice"--

The monograph discusses the problem of aerial terrorism, one of the biggest challenges humanity faces in the 21st century. Its main goal is to answer the question of whether international legal regulations serve as an effective tool in the fight against terrorists who target civil aviation.

The book itself is divided into three chapters: the first one focuses on the theoretical aspect by describing the term “aerial terrorism” itself from a legal perspective. The second one is an in-depth overview of key legal instruments drafted under the auspices of ICAO, the United Nations, and the European Union, that together form a juridical core for the fight against air terrorists. Finally, the third is a case study that depicts how the mechanisms described in the previous parts function in practice.



The monograph is an in-depth analysis of the problem of the fight against aerial terrorism. It outlines what legal tools are utilized by the international community, how they work in practice, and what results have already been achieved in this field.

Acknowledgement 5(10)
Introductory note 15(4)
Glossary of abbreviations 19(2)
Chapter 1 Terrorism as a legal phenomenon
21(72)
1.1 Evolution of terrorist movements
21(7)
1.1.1 The dawn of terrorism
21(1)
1.1.2 Terrorism throughout centuries
22(2)
1.1.3 Fundamentalism: The fiercest face of terrorism
24(1)
a) Al-Qaeda
24(2)
b) ISIS
26(2)
1.2 "Terrorism:" Definition and scope of the term
28(11)
1.2.1 Difficulties in defining
28(1)
1.2.2 Cross-section of definitions
29(4)
1.2.3 Characteristics of terrorism
33(6)
1.3 Aspects of aerial terrorism
39(25)
1.3.1 Introductory notes
40(1)
1.3.2 Why is civil aviation an "attractive target" for terrorists?
41(2)
1.3.3 Types of attacks
43(1)
a) Skyjacking vs. aerial piracy
44(7)
b) Aircraft bombing
51(2)
c) Usage of an aeroplane as a weapon
53(1)
d) Shooting down an aircraft
54(2)
e) Destruction of airport infrastructure
56(2)
f) Cyberattacks in aviation
58(3)
g) Usage of specific types of weapons (e.g. biological, nuclear or chemical)
61(1)
h) Targeting passengers directly
62(2)
1.4 Use of force in response to terrorism
64(12)
1.4.1 Classical approach to the fight against terrorism
65(1)
1.4.2 Understanding the "use of force" in relation to terrorism
66(2)
1.4.3 Change of perception
68(4)
1.4.4 "War on terror:" The perspective of civil aviation
72(4)
1.5 Role of state terrorism
76(10)
1.5.1 Brief analysis
76(2)
1.5.2 Ensuring safety without infringing human rights
78(1)
a) Preventing terrorism: Sources of duty
78(2)
b) Clash of rules of prevention with human rights protection
80(5)
1.5.3 State terrorism in civil aviation
85(1)
1.6 Unmanned aerial vehicles: The future of terrorism (?)
86(7)
1.6.1 UAV: Definition and role as a target of terrorism
86(2)
1.6.2 Hijacking a UAV
88(2)
1.6.3 Shooting down a UAV
90(1)
1.6.4 Cyber-attacks
90(3)
Chapter 2 Role of selected international organisations in the fight against aerial terrorism
93(94)
2.1 Introduction
93(1)
2.2 The International Civil Aviation Organisation
93(38)
2.2.1 Common issues
95(3)
2.2.2 The Tokyo Convention
98(1)
a) Circumstances of drafting
98(1)
b) Scope of application
99(1)
c) Jurisdiction
100(1)
d) Powers of the aircraft commander
101(2)
e) Rights and duties of states
103(1)
f) Commentary
104(2)
2.2.3 The Hague Convention and the Montreal Convention
106(1)
a) Circumstances of drafting
106(1)
b) Scope of application
107(5)
c) Jurisdiction
112(1)
d) Extradition
113(1)
e) Other states' duties
114(1)
f) Commentary
115(2)
2.2.4 The Montreal Protocol
117(1)
a) Circumstances of drafting
117(1)
b) Enhancement of the Montreal Convention
117(1)
c) Commentary
118(1)
2.2.5 The Beijing Convention & the Beijing Protocol
119(1)
a) Circumstances of drafting
119(1)
b) Scope of application
119(5)
c) Jurisdiction
124(1)
d) Extradition and duties of states
125(1)
e) Commentary
125(3)
2.2.6 The Montreal Protocol of 2014
128(1)
a) Circumstances of drafting
128(1)
b) Enhancement of the Tokyo Convention
128(3)
c) Commentary
131(1)
2.3 United Nations
131(25)
2.3.1 General Assembly
133(1)
a) Pre-9/11 Resolutions
133(5)
b) Post-9/11 Resolutions
138(2)
c) Commentary
140(1)
2.3.2 Security Council
141(1)
a) Resolutions adopted before the 1990s
142(2)
b) Post-Lockerbie bombing Resolutions
144(3)
c) Resolutions on the 11 September attacks
147(3)
d) Post-11 September Resolutions
150(5)
e) Commentary
155(1)
2.4 The European Union
156(31)
2.4.1 Overview of early anti-terrorist EU policy
157(3)
2.4.2 The role of EU Treaties
160(1)
2.4.3 Other anti-terrorist legislative tools enacted by the EU
161(1)
a) Counter-Terrorism Strategy: A milestone in the campaign against terrorism
161(2)
b) Overview of key secondary law acts related to aerial terrorism
163(1)
2.4.4 Regulation No. 300/2008
163(1)
a) Scope of application
163(1)
b) Common basic standards
164(2)
c) Other provisions
166(1)
d) Commentary
167(1)
2.4.5 Commission Regulation (EC) No. 272/2009 and its amendments: A supplement to the aviation security system
168(1)
a) General remarks
168(1)
b) Issues covered by the Annex
169(3)
c) Commentary
172(2)
2.4.6 The PNR Directive: A controversial tool to prevent and eliminate aerial terrorism
174(1)
a) The principal purpose of the Directive and the definition of PNR
174(1)
b) Conflict with the right to privacy
175(2)
c) Anti-terrorist context
177(2)
2.4.7 An accurate and up-to-date solution for the terrorist problem: Overview of Directive 2017/541
179(1)
a) Framework Decisions 2002/475/JHA: The first important instrument in anti-terrorist legislation
179(1)
b) Definition of terrorism common for all Member States
180(2)
c) Wider scope of offences
182(2)
d) Jurisdiction and prosecution, system of assistance to victims
184(1)
e) Commentary
185(2)
Chapter 3 Case study
187(58)
3.1 Introduction
187(1)
3.2 Metrojet flight No. 9268: Terror above the Sinai Peninsula
187(15)
3.2.1 Case facts and investigation
187(1)
a) History of the flight
187(1)
b) Investigation
188(2)
3.2.2 Analysis of the terrorist context
190(1)
a) Presence of terrorist factors
190(3)
b) Context of the Egyptian Penal Code
193(2)
3.2.3 Aspects of the attack in the light of sector Conventions
195(1)
a) Montreal Convention
195(2)
b) Possible application of Beijing Convention provisions
197(2)
3.2.4 A reason for retaliation?
199(3)
3.3 The downing of Malaysia Airlines flight 17: Another step towards the intensification of the conflict in eastern Ukraine
202(15)
3.3.1 Factual background
203(1)
a) History of the flight
203(1)
b) Investigation on the crash
204(3)
3.3.2 Was the attack really a terrorist attempt?
207(1)
a) Attribution of attack to a state
208(2)
b) Character of the shooting: Terrorist or not?
210(3)
3.3.3 The offence under the Tokyo-Hague-Montreal-Beijing system conventions
213(1)
a) Applicability of the Montreal Convention
213(2)
b) Hypothetical application of the Beijing Convention
215(2)
3.4 The 2016 Brussels Airport bombing: Europe as a target of the Islamic State
217(10)
3.4.1 Circumstances of the attack and the subsequent investigation
217(1)
3.4.2 Terrorist character of the bombing
218(1)
a) Analysis on the basis of definition
218(3)
b) Perspective of European Union law
221(4)
c) Provisions of sector Conventions
225(2)
3.5 Air France 8969: A hijacking that could have ended in tragedy
227(18)
3.5.1 History of the flight
228(4)
3.5.2 Presence of a terrorist factor
232(3)
3.5.3 Classifying the offence as hijacking
235(1)
a) The Tokyo Convention perspective
235(2)
b) The Hague Convention regulations
237(3)
c) Hypothetical application of the Beijing Protocol
240(2)
3.5.4 The attempt to use A300 as a weapon: A brief analysis
242(3)
Concluding remarks 245(4)
Bibliography 249(20)
Index 269
Mateusz Osiecki obtained his Ph.D. in international public law at the University of ód, Poland. He currently works at the azarski University in Warsaw as an assistant professor at the Institute of Air and Space Law. His main research areas include public international law, European law and aviation law.
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