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E-raamat: International Maritime Security Law

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Apr-2013
  • Kirjastus: Martinus Nijhoff
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789004233577
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International Maritime Security LawSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Apr-2013
  • Kirjastus: Martinus Nijhoff
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789004233577
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International Maritime Security Law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo defines an emerging interdisciplinary field of law and policy comprised of norms, legal regimes, and rules to address today's hybrid threats to the global order of the oceans. Worldwide shipping commerce, fishing fleets, pleasure craft, and coastal states are exposed to the menace of offshore terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, piracy, smuggling, robbery, marine insurgency and anti-access threats. Land-based institutions and maritime constabulary forces operate within an increasingly integrated network that blends elements of humanitarian law, human rights law, criminal law, and law of the sea, with inspection regimes, commercial enterprise, and marine safety and environmental stewardship. The new authorities fuse together a global maritime partnership among states, international organizations and commercial interests to protect the maritime commons from the most dangerous risks and hazards.

Arvustused

"The book is a major reference work not only for lawyers, but for anyone with an interest in maritime security. Without doubt, this will be a main resource for the discussion of all legal aspects of maritime security for years to come." - Christian Bueger, Cardiff University

List of Tables
xxiii
List of Annexes and Appendices
xxv
Chapter One Introduction to Maritime Security Law
1(24)
1.1 Introduction
1(4)
1.2 What is "Maritime Security Law"?
5(10)
1.2.1 The Protean Nature of Maritime Security Law
7(4)
1.2.2 The Influence of Law on Sea Power
11(1)
1.2.3 Influence of Law on Maritime Security
12(3)
1.3 Building a Public Order of the Oceans
15(8)
1.3.1 From Westphalia to Montego Bay
16(3)
1.3.2 Building a Global Maritime Partnership
19(4)
1.4 Conclusion
23(2)
Chapter Two American Maritime Security Policy and Strategy
25(22)
2.1 Introduction
25(2)
2.2 U.S. Maritime Security Policy
27(3)
2.3 National Strategy for Maritime Security
30(3)
2.4 National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security
33(2)
2.5 U.S. Maritime Strategy for Homeland Security
35(1)
2.6 Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Sea Power
36(11)
2.6.1 Naval Operations Concept
38(2)
2.6.2 Expeditionary Sea Power
40(2)
2.6.3 Pivot to Asia and the Air-Sea Battle Concept
42(5)
Chapter Three European Maritime Strategy and Policy
47(28)
3.1 North Atlantic Treaty Organization
47(11)
3.1.1 NATO Alliance Maritime Strategy
49(1)
3.1.1.1 Collective Defense
50(1)
3.1.1.2 Crisis Management
50(1)
3.1.1.3 Cooperative Security
51(1)
3.1.1.4 Maritime Security Operations
52(1)
a Nato Maritime Organization
53(1)
b Operation Active Endeavor
54(1)
c Ocean Shield: Counter-piracy
55(2)
3.1.1.5 Promotion of International Law
57(1)
3.2 European Union
58(8)
3.2.1 Blue Book' Integrated Maritime Policy
62(1)
3.2.1.1 Maritime Surveillance
62(2)
3.2.1.2 Naval Capabilities
64(1)
3.2.1.3 Anti-piracy Operations
64(2)
3.2.1.4 A Security Strategy for the Global Maritime
Domain
66(1)
3.3 Chiefs of European Navies Maritime Operational Concept
66(4)
3.4 U.K. Future Maritime Operational Concept
70(5)
Chapter Four Peacetime Zones and Control Measures
75(38)
4.1 Temporary Suspension of Innocent Passage
75(1)
4.2 Offshore Installation Safety Zones
76(9)
4.2.1 IMO Safety Zones
78(4)
4.2.2 U.S. Safety Zones
82(2)
4.2.3 U.K. Safety Zones
84(1)
4.3 World-Wide Navigational Warning Service
85(18)
4.3.1 U.S. Navigational Warnings
88(1)
4.3.1.1 HYDROPAC: Strait of Hormuz---Iranian Naval
Exercises
88(1)
4.3.1.2 HYDROLANT: Mediterranean Sea---Hazardous
Operations
89(1)
4.3.1.3 Special Warning: Cuba
90(1)
4.3.1.4 Special Warning: Papua New Guinea---Political
Unrest
90(1)
4.3.1.5 Special Warning: Morocco---Aggressive Maritime
Enforcement
91(1)
4.3.1.6 Special Warning: Persian Gulf---UN Security Council Enforcement Action
91(1)
4.3.1.7 Special Warning: Sri Lanka---Combating Terrorist Threats
92(1)
4.3.1.8 Special Warning: Yemen---Threats to U.S. Citizens
93(1)
4.3.1.9 Special Warning: Iran---Danger to Shipping
93(1)
4.3.1.10 Special Warning: Sierra Leone---Dangerous Port
94(1)
4.3.1.11 Special Warning: United States---Worldwide Defensive Measures
94(1)
4.3.1.12 Special Warning: Persian Gulf---Military
Operations
95(1)
4.3.1.13 Special Warning: East Africa---Terrorist Threat
96(1)
4.3.1.14 Special Warning: Yemen---Terrorist Threat
96(1)
4.3.1.15 Special Warning: Somalia---Piracy
97(1)
4.3.2 U.S. Maritime Administration Advisories
97(1)
4.3.2.1 Reporting Terrorist Incidents
98(1)
4.3.2.2 Regional Terrorist and Piracy Threat
98(1)
4.3.2.3 Vessels Transiting High Risk Waters (HRW)---Maritime Piracy
99(3)
4.3.2.4 Japan Tsunami Radiological Threat and Debris Field
102(1)
4.4 Aeronautical Information Services
103(10)
4.4.1 ICAO Aeronautical Information Service
103(2)
4.4.2 U.S. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)
105(8)
Chapter Five Marine Environmental Protection and Control Measures
113(42)
5.1 The Marine Environment
113(4)
5.1.1 Evolution of Marine Environmental Law
113(3)
5.1.2 Framework Agreements to Protect the Marine Environment
116(1)
5.2 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas
117(20)
5.2.1 Western Europe PSSA and the 2005 Guidelines
121(5)
5.2.2 Malpelo Island PSSA (Colombia)---Regulation without Protection
126(4)
5.2.3 Baltic Sea Area PSSA---Regulation without Concurrence
130(1)
5.2.4 Papahanaumokuakea PSSA (United States)---Regulation without Need
131(4)
5.2.5 Mid-Pacific Ocean National Monuments (United States)
135(2)
5.3 Ships' Routeing, Vessel Traffic Services, and Ships' Reporting
137(4)
5.4 Mandatory Ship Reporting (United States)
141(5)
5.5 Marine Mammals
146(9)
5.5.1 Natural Resources Defense Council v. Winter (Sonar Litigation)
147(4)
5.5.2 Navy Mitigation Measures during Sonar Operations
151(4)
Chapter Six U.S. Safety and Security Zones and Airspace Control Measures
155(30)
6.1 Introduction to U.S. Zones
155(1)
6.2 Jurisdiction over the Navigable Waters of the United States
156(4)
6.2.1 Ports and Waterways Safety Act
156(1)
6.2.2 Presidential Proclamation No. 5928
157(3)
6.3 Safety Zones
160(2)
6.4 Security Zones
162(23)
6.4.1 Regulated Navigation Areas and Restricted Waterfront Areas
165(1)
6.4.1.1 Naval Vessel Protection Zones
165(3)
6.4.1.2 Restricted Areas and Danger Zones
168(1)
a Pacific Ocean, Hawaii; danger zones
169(1)
b Pacific Ocean, Island of Oahu, Hawaii; danger zone
169(1)
c Pacific Ocean at Barber's Point, Island of Oahu, Hawaii; danger zone
170(1)
d Pacific Ocean at Keahi Point, Island of Oahu, Hawaii; danger zone
170(1)
e Kaneohe Bay, Island of Oahu, Hawaii---Ulupau Crater Weapons Training Range; danger zone
170(1)
f Pacific Ocean at Barking Sands, Island of Kauai, Hawaii; missile range facility
171(1)
g Pacific Ocean, at Barbers Point, Island of Oahu, Hawaii; restricted area
172(1)
h Pacific Ocean, at Makapuu Point, Waimanalo, Island of Oahu, Hawaii, Makai Undersea Test Range
172(1)
6.4.1.3 Naval Defensive Sea Areas and Naval Airspace Reservations
173(2)
6.4.1.4 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
175(3)
6.4.2 Airspace Control Measures
178(1)
6.4.2.1 Air Defense Identification Zone
178(3)
6.4.2.2 Special Use Airspace
181(1)
a Prohibited Areas
181(1)
b Restricted Areas
181(1)
c Warning Areas
182(1)
d Military Operation Areas
182(1)
e Alert Areas
183(1)
f Controlled Firing Areas
183(1)
g National Security Areas
183(2)
Chapter Seven Sea Power, Grand Strategy, and Freedom of the Seas
185(30)
7.1 Seapower and Grand Strategy
185(16)
7.1.1 Littoral Regions
186(1)
7.1.2 Global System
187(2)
7.1.3 Freedom of the Seas in the Early Modern Period
189(2)
7.1.4 Freedom of the Seas in the World Wars and the Cold War
191(5)
7.1.5 Freedom of the Seas, the Law of the Sea, and U.S. Policy
196(5)
7.2 U.S. Freedom of Navigation Program
201(14)
Chapter Eight Freedom of Navigation in the Law of the Sea
215(28)
8.1 Baselines
216(1)
8.2 Internal Waters
217(1)
8.3 Territorial Sea
218(1)
8.4 Straits Used for International Navigation
219(13)
8.4.1 Corfu Channel Case
219(3)
8.4.2 The Straits Regime in UNCLOS
222(2)
8.4.3 Types of Straits Used for International Navigation
224(1)
8.4.3.1 Geographic Straits
224(1)
8.4.3.2 Long-standing Conventions
225(1)
8.4.3.3 Route of Similar Convenience
226(1)
8.4.3.4 Island Forming a Strait (Route of Similar Convenience)
227(1)
8.4.3.5 Archipelagic Straits
227(1)
8.4.3.6 Dead-end Straits
228(1)
8.4.4 Transit Passage in the Approaches to the Strait
229(1)
8.4.5 Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage
230(1)
8.4.5.1 Indonesia
231(1)
8.5 Contiguous Zone
232(1)
8.6 Exclusive Economic Zone
233(8)
8.6.1 Coastal State Competence in the EEZ
234(7)
8.7 Continental Shelf
241(1)
8.8 High Seas
242(1)
Chapter Nine Excessive Maritime Claims: Territorial Seas, Straits, and Archipelagos
243(34)
9.1 Introduction
243(3)
9.2 Illegal Straight Baselines
246(6)
9.2.1 Libya's "Line of Death" in the Gulf of Sirte
247(5)
9.3 Excessive Claims over the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone
252(7)
9.3.1 Black Sea Bumping Incident
255(3)
9.3.2 Jackson Hole Agreement
258(1)
9.4 Excessive Claims over Straits Used for International Navigation
259(11)
9.4.1 Strait of Hainan
261(1)
9.4.2 Head Harbor Passage
261(1)
9.4.3 Northwest Passage
262(2)
9.4.4 Torre's Strait
264(5)
9.4.5 Strait of Hormuz
269(1)
9.5 Excessive Claims over Archipelagic Sea Lanes
270(7)
9.5.1 Indonesia's 1960s Archipelagic Claims
271(2)
9.5.2 The Philippines
273(2)
9.5.3 Maldives
275(2)
Chapter Ten Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone
277(36)
10.1 Security Claims in the Exclusive Economic Zone
277(2)
10.2 China's Oceans Law and the EEZ
279(4)
10.3 North Korea's Military Zone
283(1)
10.4 Military Activities in the EEZ
284(29)
10.4.1 Marine Data Collection
285(4)
10.4.2 International Airspace of the EEZ
289(1)
10.4.2.1 Peruvian Attack on a U.S. C-130 State Aircraft (1992)
289(1)
10.4.2.2 Chinese Collision with a U.S. EP-3 State Aircraft (2001)
290(1)
10.4.2.2.1 Law of the Sea
291(1)
10.4.2.2.2 Aviation Law
292(1)
10.4.2.3 State Aircraft Sovereign Immunity
293(1)
10.4.2.4 Schooner Exchange
294(2)
10.4.2.5 Military Interception of Civil Aircraft in International Airspace
296(3)
10.4.2.5.1 U.S. Practice
299(5)
10.4.3 "Peaceful Purposes"
304(5)
10.4.4 Offshore Environmental Regulation as Maritime Strategy
309(4)
Chapter Eleven Flashpoint: South China Sea
313(42)
11.1 The Political Seascape and Regional Stability
313(21)
11.1.1 Chinese Maritime Claims
315(1)
11.1.1.1 The U-Shaped Line (The "Cow Tongue")
316(2)
11.1.1.2 Sansha City
318(1)
11.1.1.3 Regional Reaction to China's Claims
319(2)
11.1.2 Vietnam's Maritime Claims
321(4)
11.1.3 The Philippines' Maritime Claims
325(5)
11.1.4 ASEAN and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties
330(4)
11.2 American Security Relationships and the South China Sea
334(21)
11.2.1 U.S.-Philippine Cooperation
340(8)
11.2.2 U.S.-Australian Cooperation
348(3)
11.2.3 U.S.-New Zealand Cooperation
351(2)
11.2.4 Trans-Pacific Partnership
353(2)
Chapter Twelve Securing the Marine Transportation System
355(56)
12.1 Threats to International Ship and Port Facility Security
355(7)
12.1.1 Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea
358(1)
12.1.2 Maritime Terrorism
358(1)
12.1.3 Cargo Tampering, Sabotage, or Theft
359(1)
12.1.4 Smuggling of Contraband
359(1)
12.1.5 Illegal Migrants, Stowaways, Refugees, and Asylum Seekers
359(1)
12.1.6 Environmental Extremists
359(1)
12.1.7 Weather and Natural Disasters
360(1)
12.1.8 Accidents
360(1)
12.1.9 Organized Labor Activities and Labor Violence
360(2)
12.2 The Law of the Sea and the IMO
362(3)
12.3 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction
365(13)
12.3.1 SOLAS
368(4)
12.3.2 Load Lines
372(1)
12.3.3 MARPOL
373(1)
12.3.4 STCW
373(1)
12.3.5 TONNAGE 69
374(1)
12.3.6 IMO Member State Audit Scheme
375(1)
12.3.7 ILO Instruments
376(2)
12.4 The ISPS Code
378(21)
12.4.1 Special Measures
385(2)
12.4.2 Security Levels
387(2)
12.4.3 Declaration of Security
389(3)
12.4.4 Security Plans for Port Facilities and Ships
392(1)
12.4.5 Interagency Government Coordination
393(2)
12.4.6 Regional Organizations
395(1)
12.4.7 Recognized Security Organizations
395(2)
12.4.8 Government Oversight and Enforcement
397(2)
12.5 Maritime Domain Awareness
399(12)
12.5.1 U.S. Maritime Domain Awareness Policy
400(4)
12.5.2 Automatic Identification System
404(4)
12.5.3 Long-Range Identification and Tracking
408(3)
Chapter Thirteen Port and Port Facility Security
411(56)
13.1 Ports in the Global Transportation System
411(5)
13.2 Port State Control
416(18)
13.2.1 IMO Protocols
418(5)
13.2.2 Port State Regional MoUs
423(1)
13.2.2.1 Paris MoU
424(1)
13.2.2.2 Acuerdo de Vina del Mar
424(1)
13.2.2.3 Tokyo MoU
425(1)
13.2.2.4 Caribbean MoU
425(1)
13.2.2.5 Mediterranean MoU
425(1)
13.2.2.6 Indian Ocean MoU
426(1)
13.2.2.7 Abuja MoU
427(1)
13.2.2.8 Black Sea MoU
427(1)
13.2.2.9 Riyadh MoU
427(1)
13.2.2.10 PERSGA
428(1)
13.2.3 U.S. Port State Control
429(5)
13.3 Port Facility Security
434(17)
13.3.1 Designated Authority
436(1)
13.3.2 Declaration of Security
436(2)
13.3.3 Port Facility Security Officer
438(1)
13.3.4 Port Facility Security Plan
439(3)
13.3.5 Port Facility Security Level
442(1)
13.3.5.1 Port Access
443(1)
13.3.5.2 Restricted Areas within the Port Facility
444(1)
13.3.5.3 Cargo Handling
445(1)
13.3.5.4 Delivery of Ships' Stores
446(1)
13.3.5.4.1 Security Level 1
446(1)
13.3.5.4.2 Security Level 2
447(1)
13.3.5.4.3 Security Level 3
447(1)
13.3.5.5 Monitoring the Port Facility
448(1)
13.3.6 Port Facility Security Assessment
449(2)
13.4 Port State Control Certifications and Documents
451(1)
13.5 Questionnaire for Designated Authorities
452(3)
13.6 Security Checklist for Port Facility Operators
455(12)
13.6.1 Guidance for Port Facility Operators
456(1)
13.6.1.1 Performance of Port Facility Security Duties
456(1)
Part A
456(1)
Part B
457(1)
13.6.1.2 Controlling Access to the Port Facility
458(1)
Part A
458(1)
Part B
458(1)
13.6.1.3 Monitoring of the Port Facility, Anchoring and Berthing Area
459(1)
Part A
459(1)
Part B
459(1)
13.6.1.4 Monitoring of Restricted Areas
460(1)
Part A
460(1)
Part B Establishment of Restricted Areas
460(1)
Part C Security Measures
461(1)
13.6.1.5 Supervising the Handling of Cargo
462(1)
Part A
462(1)
Part B
462(1)
13.6.1.6 Supervising the Handling of Ship's Stores
463(1)
Part A
463(1)
Part B Ship's Stores Security Measures
463(1)
13.6.1.7 Communications Security
464(1)
Part A
464(1)
Part B Effectiveness and Protection of Communications
464(1)
13.6.1.8 Training, Drills, and Exercises
464(1)
Part A
464(1)
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises
465(1)
13.6.1.9 Miscellaneous
465(1)
Part B
465(2)
Chapter Fourteen Ship and Ship Operator Security
467(52)
14.1 Shipping Company Responsibilities
467(4)
14.1.1 Applicability of IMO Maritime Security Measures
467(1)
14.1.2 Alternative Security Agreements
468(2)
14.1.3 Equivalent Security Agreements
470(1)
14.2 Checklist for Shipping Companies
471(11)
14.2.1 Checklist
471(1)
14.2.1.1 Continuous Synopsis Record
471(1)
14.2.1.2 Ship Security Alert System
471(1)
14.2.1.3 Master's Discretion for Ship Safety and Security
472(1)
14.2.1.4 Obligations of the Company
472(1)
Part A Obligations of the Company
472(1)
Part B Obligations of the Company
473(1)
14.2.1.5 Control and Compliance Measures
473(1)
14.2.1.6 Verification and Certification for Ships
474(1)
Part A Verification and Certification for Ships
474(1)
14.2.1.7 Ship Security Assessment
474(1)
Part A Ship Security Assessment
474(1)
Part B Company Security Officer Requirements to Conduct an Assessment
475(1)
Part C Content of the Ship Security Assessment
476(1)
14.2.1.8 Ship Security Plan
477(1)
Part A Ship Security Plan
478(1)
Part B Content of the Ship Security Plan
479(1)
14.2.1.9 Records
479(1)
Part A Records
479(1)
14.2.1.10 Company Security Officer
480(1)
Part A Company Security Officer
480(1)
14.2.1.11 Training, Drills, and Exercises on Ship Security
481(1)
Part A Training, Drills, and Exercises
481(1)
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises
481(1)
14.2.1.12 Information and Cooperation (Best Practice)
482(1)
14.3 Ship Security
482(21)
14.3.1 Ship Security Levels
482(1)
14.3.2 Declarations of Security
483(1)
14.3.3 Model Declaration of Security for a Ship-to-Ship Interface
484(2)
14.3.4 Ship Security Personnel
486(1)
14.3.4.1 Company Security Officers
486(1)
14.3.4.2 Ship Security Officers
487(1)
14.3.5 Ship Security Alert Systems
488(1)
14.3.6 Ship Security Assessments
489(1)
14.3.7 Ship Security Plans
490(4)
14.3.8 Responding to Requests to Board the Ship in Port or at Sea
494(2)
14.3.9 Vessel Pre-arrival Information
496(1)
14.3.9.1 Ship and Contact Details
496(1)
14.3.9.2 Port and Port Facility Information
497(1)
14.3.9.3 Information Required by SOLAS Regulation XI-2/9.2.1
497(1)
14.3.9.4 Other Security-related Information
498(1)
14.3.9.5 Agent of the Ship at the Intended Port of Arrival
498(1)
14.3.9.6 Identification of the Person Providing the Information
499(1)
14.3.10 The International Ship Security Certificate
499(1)
14.3.11 Checklist for Flag State Administrations
500(3)
14.4 Checklist for Ship Security Personnel
503(12)
14.4.1 Basic Information for Ship Security Personnel
503(1)
14.4.1.1 Company and Ship Overview
503(1)
14.4.1.2 Total Manning of the Ship and Crew with Security Duties on Board
504(1)
14.4.1.3 Ship Security Information in the Last 12 Months
504(1)
14.4.1.4 Security Agreements and Arrangements
504(1)
14.4.2 Checklist
504(1)
14.4.2.1 Ensuring the Performance of All Ship Security Duties
504(1)
Part A Ensuring the Performance of All Ship Security Duties
504(1)
Part B Organization and Performance of Ship Security Duties
505(1)
14.4.2.2 Controlling Access to the Ship
506(1)
Part A Access to the Ship
506(1)
Part B Access to the Ship
506(2)
14.4.2.3 Controlling the Embarkation of Persons and Their Effects
508(1)
Part A Embarkation of Persons and Their Effects
508(1)
Part B.1 Embarkation of Persons and Their Effects
508(1)
Part B.2 Handling Unaccompanied Baggage
508(1)
14.4.2.4 Monitoring of Restricted Areas
509(1)
Part A Restricted Areas on the Ship
509(1)
Part B Restricted Areas on the Ship
509(1)
14.4.2.5 Monitoring of Deck Areas and Areas Surrounding the Ship
510(1)
Part A Access to the Ship
510(1)
Part B.1 Access to the Ship
510(1)
Part B.2 Monitoring the Security of the Ship
510(1)
14.4.2.6 Supervising the Handling of Cargo and Ship's Stores
511(1)
Part A Handling of Cargo
511(1)
Part B.1 Handling of Cargo
511(1)
Part B.2 Delivery of Ship's Stores
512(1)
14.4.2.7 Ensuring Security Communication is Readily Available
512(1)
Part A Ensuring Security Communication
512(1)
14.4.2.8 Training, Drills, and Exercises
513(1)
Part A Training, Drills, and Exercises
513(1)
Part B Training, Drills, and Exercises
513(1)
14.4.2.9 Miscellaneous
513(1)
Part A Miscellaneous
513(2)
Part B Miscellaneous
515(1)
14.5 Yachts and Other Non-SOLAS Vessels
515(4)
Chapter Fifteen Global Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking
519(36)
15.1 International Law and the Trade in Illegal Drugs
519(3)
15.2 The Multilateral Treaty Framework
522(19)
15.2.1 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
522(2)
15.2.2 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, As Amended
524(5)
15.2.3 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances
529(2)
15.2.4 1988 Vienna Drug Convention
531(7)
15.2.4.1 Illicit Traffic by Sea
538(3)
15.3 International Maritime Organization
541(8)
15.3.1 IMO Guidelines
541(2)
15.3.2 Maritime Trafficking
543(6)
15.4 UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force
549(6)
15.4.1 Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms
549(3)
15.4.2 Use of Force in the Case of the M/V Saiga
552(3)
Chapter Sixteen Regional Authorities to Counter Drug Trafficking
555(32)
16.1 Regional Cooperation in Countering Maritime Drug Trafficking
555(1)
16.2 Caribbean Regional Maritime Agreement
555(11)
16.2.1 U.S. Declaration of the Agreement
563(3)
16.3 Caribbean Basin Security Initiative
566(3)
16.3.1 CBSI Joint Statement
568(1)
16.4 Organization of American States Model Operating Procedure
569(4)
16.5 The Paris Pact Initiative
573(5)
16.6 Republic of the Philippines National Coast Watch System
578(4)
16.6.1 Executive Order 57
579(3)
16.7 Merida Initiative
582(3)
16.8 The Central America Regional Security Initiative
585(2)
Chapter Seventeen U.S. Maritime Counterdrug Law
587(40)
17.1 Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act
587(3)
17.1.1 Jurisdiction under MDLEA
587(1)
17.1.2 Offenses under MDLEA
588(1)
17.1.3 Intent to Commit an Offense under MDLEA
589(1)
17.2 Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act
590(8)
17.2.1 Self-propelled Semi-submersible (SPSS) Watercraft
591(1)
17.2.2 Criminal and Civil Penalties for Operation of SPSS
592(2)
17.2.3 Legal Challenges to DTVIA
594(3)
17.2.4 SPSS Model Law of the Organization of American States
597(1)
17.3 Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act
598(4)
17.3.1 Executive Order 12978
599(1)
17.3.2 Purpose of the Kingpin Act
599(3)
17.4 U.S. Coast Guard Authorities
602(5)
17.4.1 Plenary U.S. Maritime Law Enforcement Authority
603(1)
17.4.2 Use of Force
604(1)
17.4.3 Airborne Use of Force
605(2)
17.4.4 Maritime Enforcement of U.S. Immigration Law
607(1)
17.5 Department of Defense Legal Authorities
607(20)
17.5.1 Lead Agency for Detection and Monitoring
608(1)
17.5.2 Military Support for Civilian Law Enforcement
608(5)
17.5.2.1 Department of Defense Directive 5525.5
613(4)
17.5.2.2 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3710.01B
617(3)
17.5.2.3 Geographic Combatant Commander Counterdrug Authority
620(1)
17.5.2.4 Maritime Counterdrug Rules of Engagement
621(1)
17.5.3 Joint Publication 3-07.4, Counterdrug Operations
622(1)
17.5.3.1 Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachments
622(1)
17.5.3.2 Department of Defense Joint Interagency Task Forces
623(4)
Chapter Eighteen U.S. International Maritime Counterdrug Policy
627(30)
18.1 The U.S. Policy and Operational Framework
627(12)
18.1.1 U.S. National Drug Threat Assessment
628(4)
18.1.2 U.S. National Drug Control Strategy
632(2)
18.1.3 Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime
634(2)
16.1.4 Department of Defense U.S. Southern Command
636(3)
18.2 U.S. Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Instruments
639(11)
18.2.1 Agreement to Suppress Illicit Traffic by Sea (U.S.-Colombia)
641(2)
18.2.2 Air Bridge Denial Agreement (U.S.-Colombia)
643(7)
18.3 Conclusion
650(1)
18.4 U.S. International Maritime Law Enforcement Instruments
650(7)
18.4.1 Bilateral Maritime Counterdrug Agreements
650(4)
18.4.2 Memorandums of Understanding and Operational Procedures
654(1)
18.4.3 Forward Operating Location/Cooperative Security Location Agreements
655(1)
18.4.4 Multilateral Counterdrug Agreements
656(1)
Chapter Nineteen Migrant Smuggling at Sea
657(34)
19.1 Transnational Threat of Irregular Migration
657(2)
19.2 Law of the Sea Convention
659(1)
19.3 Transnational Organized Crime Convention
660(2)
19.3.1 Executive Order 13581
661(1)
19.4 Migrant Smuggling Protocol
662(4)
19.5 IMO Initiatives
666(9)
19.5.1 Assembly Resolution A.773 (18)
667(1)
19.5.2 Assembly Resolution A.867 (20)
668(1)
19.5.3 Maritime Safety Committee Circular 896
668(5)
19.5.4 Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea
673(2)
19.6 Duty to Assist
675(1)
19.7 Salvage Conventions
675(1)
19.8 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
676(3)
19.9 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue
679(1)
19.10 Refugee Convention
680(2)
19.11 The U.S. Experience in Law and Practice
682(7)
19.11.1 USS Morton (DD 948)
683(1)
19.11.2 USS Dubuque (LPD 8)
684(2)
19.11.3 U.S. Counter-Migrant Smuggling Initiatives
686(3)
19.12 Conclusion
689(2)
Chapter Twenty Maritime Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea
691(48)
20.1 The Historical Roots of the Law of Piracy
692(5)
20.1.1 Mediterranean Sea and the Rise of the Nation State
693(1)
20.1.2 Renaissance Scholars Shape the Law
693(2)
20.1.3 Anglo-American Law of Piracy
695(2)
20.2 Contemporary Law of Maritime Piracy
697(26)
20.2.1 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
698(3)
20.2.2 UN Security Council
701(1)
20.2.2.1 Somalia
701(6)
20.2.2.2 African Union Mission to Somalia
707(5)
20.2.2.3 Gulf of Guinea
712(1)
20.2.3 International Maritime Organization
713(5)
20.2.4 Djibouti Code of Conduct
718(5)
20.3 Counter-piracy Operations
723(16)
20.3.1 Combined Maritime Force---Task Force 151
724(1)
20.3.2 North Atlantic Treaty Organization---Operation Ocean Shield
725(2)
20.3.3 European Union Naval Force Somalia---Operation Atalanta
727(6)
20.3.4 Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
733(3)
20.3.5 Flag State Administrations and Best Management
Practices
736(3)
Chapter Twenty-One Maritime Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction at Sea
739(62)
21.1 Prevalence of Maritime Terrorism
739(6)
21.1.1 Palestine Liberation Front and the Achille Lauro
740(1)
21.1.2 Sri Lanka and the Tamil Tigers
741(2)
21.1.3 Al Qaeda and the USS Cole
743(2)
21.2 Non-Proliferation Treaty
745(7)
21.2.1 North Korea
746(1)
21.2.2 Iran
747(3)
21.2.3 Is the NPT Viable?
750(2)
21.3 Coastal State and Flag State Jurisdiction
752(6)
21.3.1 Coastal State Authorities
752(2)
21.3.2 Exclusive Flag State Jurisdiction
754(2)
21.3.3 Stateless Vessels
756(1)
21.3.4 Consent of the Master
757(1)
21.4 Cases on the Use of Force in Shipboarding
758(8)
21.4.1 The Caroline
758(2)
21.4.2 I'm Alone
760(2)
21.4.3 Red Crusader
762(1)
21.4.4 M/V Saiga
763(3)
21.5 UN Security Council
766(19)
21.5.1 Resolution 1540
767(1)
21.5.2 North Korea
768(6)
21.5.3 Iran
774(9)
21.5.4 Ineffectiveness of the Security Council
783(2)
21.6 Proliferation Security Initiative
785(10)
21.6.1 Statement of Interdiction Principles
786(1)
21.6.2 Bilateral Shipboarding Agreements
787(8)
21.7 Can the NPT Survive?
795(6)
Chapter Twenty-Two Commentary for the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation
801(58)
22.1 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA)
801(58)
22.1.1 1988 Convention
804(1)
Article 1
805(1)
Article 2
806(1)
Article 3
806(3)
Article 4
809(1)
Article 5
810(1)
Article 6
810(3)
Article 7
813(1)
Article 8
814(1)
Article 9
814(1)
Article 10
814(1)
Article 11
815(1)
Article 12
816(1)
Article 13
816(1)
Article 14
817(1)
Article 15
817(1)
Article 16
817(1)
Article 17
818(1)
Article 18
818(1)
Article 19
818(1)
Article 20
818(1)
Article 21
819(1)
Article 22
819(1)
22.1.2 2005 Convention
820(2)
Article 1
822(1)
Article 2
823(1)
Article 2bis
824(2)
Article 3
826(1)
Article 3bis
826
Article 3ter
1(828)
Article 3quater
829(1)
Article 4
830(1)
Article 5 and Article 5bis
831(1)
Article 6
832(1)
Article 7
832(1)
Article 8
833(1)
Article 8bis
833(9)
Article 9
842(1)
Article 10
843(1)
Article 11
843(1)
Article 11bis
844(1)
Article 11ter
844(1)
Article 12
845(1)
Article 12bis
845(1)
Article 13
846(1)
Article 14
847(1)
Article 15
847(1)
Article 16
847(1)
Article 16bis
848(1)
Article 17
848(1)
Article 18
849(1)
Article 19
849(1)
Article 20
849(1)
Article 21
850(1)
Article 22
850(1)
Article 23
851(1)
Article 24
852(1)
22.1.3 2005 Protocol (Safety of Fixed Platforms)
853(1)
Article 1
853(1)
Article 2
854(1)
Article 2bis
854(1)
Article 2ter
854(1)
Article 3
855(1)
Article 4
855(1)
Article 4bis
856(1)
Article 8
856(1)
Article 9
856(1)
Article 10
857(1)
Article 11
857(1)
Article 12
857(1)
Article 13
858(1)
Chapter Twenty-Three Irregular Naval Warfare and Blockade
859(44)
23.1 Irregular Naval Warfare
859(10)
23.1.1 Law of the Sea during Armed Conflict
864(3)
23.1.2 Combatants at Sea
867(2)
23.2 Quarantine
869(11)
23.2.1 Cuban Missile Crisis
870(7)
23.2.2 Legality of Quarantine
877(3)
23.3 Cordon Sanitaire
880(2)
23.4 Neutrality and Maritime Blockade
882(10)
23.4.1 Blockade in History
882(3)
23.4.2 Law of Blockade
885(1)
23.4.2.1 Object of Blockade
886(1)
23.4.2.2 Geographic Scope
886(1)
23.4.2.3 Absolute and Conditional Contraband
887(1)
23.4.2.4 Belligerent Right of Visit and Search
888(1)
23.4.2.5 Attempted Breach
889(2)
23.4.3 Law of Neutrality
891(1)
23.5 Blockade in Non-International Armed Conflict
892(11)
23.5.1 U.S. Civil War
892(3)
23.5.2 Spanish Civil War
895(1)
23.5.3 Israel's Blockade of Gaza
895(5)
Appendix 1 Agreement on the Gaza Strip and Jericho Area
900(3)
Chapter Twenty-Four Security Council Maritime Enforcement
903(20)
24.1 Rhodesia Sanctions and the Beira Patrol (1965)
904(3)
24.2 The Maritime Blockade of Iraq (1990--91)
907(5)
24.3 Former Republic of Yugoslavia Armaments Embargo (1991--96)
912(3)
24.4 Haiti Sanctions (1994)
915(3)
24.5 Libya Embargo (2011)
918(5)
Index 923
James Kraska, LL.M. (2005), S.J.D. (2009), University of Virginia School of Law, is Howard S. Levie Professor in the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College, and author of Maritime Power and Law of the Sea (Oxford, 2011).

Raul Pedrozo, LL.M. (1993), Georgetown University Law Center, is a Non-resident Research Fellow in the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College and a Deputy General for the Department of Defense.
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