| Series Editors' Preface |
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vii | |
| Foreword |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
| 1 Introduction |
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1 | (32) |
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A Introduction: Theme and Contribution of this Book |
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1 | (4) |
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B Concept of Interregional JRE |
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5 | (1) |
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C A Comparative Perspective |
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6 | (17) |
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i Introduction to the Method: Comparative Studies |
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7 | (4) |
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ii Free Circulation of Judgments in the US |
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11 | (4) |
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11 | (2) |
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2 The Full Faith and Credit JRE System |
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13 | (2) |
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iii Free Circulation of Judgments in the EU |
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15 | (5) |
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15 | (2) |
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2 The Brussels I Regulation |
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17 | (3) |
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iv Current JRE System in China |
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20 | (3) |
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1 No Overarching Multilateral JRE Scheme and Insufficient Substantive Laws |
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21 | (1) |
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2 JRE Impasse for the Majority of Judgments between Mainland China and Hong Kong |
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22 | (1) |
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D The Need for, and Feasibility of, a Multilateral JRE Arrangement |
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23 | (9) |
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i Need: Economic Integration |
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23 | (3) |
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26 | (7) |
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1 Geographical, Cultural and Historical Proximities among the Three Regions |
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26 | (1) |
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2 Constitutional Framework Overarching Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao |
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27 | (2) |
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3 Contributions of the Existing Bilateral Arrangements |
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29 | (3) |
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E Structure of What Follows |
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32 | (1) |
| 2 Scholarly Achievements in Chinese Interregional Conflict of Laws |
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33 | (24) |
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A General Theory of Chinese Interregional Conflict of Laws |
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33 | (5) |
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i A Theoretical Postulate |
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34 | (2) |
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ii Feasible Solutions to Interregional Conflicts |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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B Interregional Judgment Recognition and Enforcement |
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38 | (12) |
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i Necessity for Interregional JRE |
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39 | (2) |
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ii Ways of Improving Interregional JRE |
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41 | (2) |
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iii Comments on the Current Two JRE Arrangements |
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43 | (6) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (7) |
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i Value of Comparative Studies |
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50 | (4) |
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ii Foreign Models for Resolving Interregional Legal Conflicts |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (1) |
| 3 The Existing JRE System among Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao |
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57 | (71) |
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58 | (40) |
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58 | (13) |
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58 | (7) |
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58 | (6) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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3 Insufficient Legal Bases for JRE outside the Mainland-Hong Kong Arrangement |
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66 | (5) |
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ii Requirements for JRE: Legally Effective, Enforceable or Final |
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71 | (3) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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iii Grounds for Refusing JRE |
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74 | (23) |
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1 Incompetent Indirect Jurisdiction |
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77 | (4) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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81 | (6) |
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81 | (3) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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4 Public Policy Exception |
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89 | (6) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (4) |
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95 | (3) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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iv Problems of Regional JRE Laws |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (28) |
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i Mainland-Hong Kong Arrangement |
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98 | (14) |
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1 Scope of the Arrangement |
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99 | (4) |
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a Choice of Court Agreements |
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100 | (1) |
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b Judgments in Civil and Commercial Cases |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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d Types of Judicial Awards |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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3 Grounds for Refusing JRE |
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104 | (7) |
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a Invalid Choice of Court Agreement |
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104 | (1) |
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b Wholly Satisfied Judgment |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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g Public Policy Exception |
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110 | (1) |
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4 Assessment and Conclusion |
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111 | (1) |
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ii The Mainland-Macao Arrangement |
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112 | (10) |
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1 Scope of the Arrangement |
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112 | (3) |
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a Judgments in Civil and Commercial Cases |
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112 | (1) |
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b Monetary and Non-monetary Judgments |
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113 | (1) |
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c Types of Judicial Awards |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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3 Grounds for Refusing JRE |
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115 | (6) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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d Public Policy Exception |
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119 | (2) |
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4 Assessment and Conclusion |
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121 | (1) |
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iii JRE under Multilateral Conventions |
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122 | (4) |
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C The Next Stage: a Multilateral JRE Arrangement |
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126 | (2) |
| 4 Three Serious Macro Challenges and their Solutions |
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128 | (40) |
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A Conflicts between Socialist Law and Capitalist Law |
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130 | (16) |
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i Mainland China's Modernization of its Civil and Commercial Law |
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131 | (11) |
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131 | (7) |
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a Contract Law: Endorsing Party Autonomy |
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134 | (1) |
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b Company Law: Equalizing Private and Public Market Players |
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135 | (2) |
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c Property Law: Protecting Private Ownership |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (1) |
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ii Judgments against Mainland Governments |
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142 | (4) |
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1 Mainland Public Institutions |
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142 | (2) |
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2 Interregional Public Policy Exception |
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144 | (2) |
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B Conflicts between Civil Law and Common Law |
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146 | (10) |
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146 | (7) |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (10) |
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i Socialism versus Capitalism |
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157 | (1) |
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ii Differences among Regional Legal Systems |
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158 | (8) |
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166 | (2) |
| 5 Selected Rules of the Proposed Multilateral JRE Arrangement |
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168 | (93) |
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169 | (21) |
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i Civil and Commercial Judgments |
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172 | (14) |
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1 'Civil and Commercial' versus 'Administrative' |
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173 | (4) |
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2 Judgments for Personal Consumption Disputes |
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177 | (1) |
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3 Civil Compensation Collateral to Criminal Proceedings |
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178 | (1) |
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4 Judgments for Employment Disputes |
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179 | (1) |
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5 Judgments on Insolvency and Related Issues |
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180 | (4) |
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6 Judgments on Family Law Issues |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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iii Types of Judicial Awards |
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188 | (2) |
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B Requirement for JRE: Finality |
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190 | (29) |
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i Different Criteria of 'Finality' in Mainland China and Hong Kong |
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191 | (6) |
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1 Criteria of 'Finality' under Mainland JRE Law |
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191 | (5) |
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2 Criteria of 'Finality' under Hong Kong JRE Law: Chiyu and its Progeny |
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196 | (1) |
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ii Conflicts brought about by the Different Criteria of Finality |
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197 | (15) |
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197 | (5) |
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202 | (5) |
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3 Malicious Re-Litigations and Forum Shopping Caused by the Chiyu Doctrine |
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207 | (4) |
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4 The Preferable Minority Approach in Hong Kong Courts |
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211 | (1) |
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iii Proposed Solutions to the Finality Dispute |
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212 | (6) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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3 Interregional Law Approaches |
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215 | (5) |
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a Provide an Autonomous Terminology for Finality |
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215 | (3) |
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b Apply the Law of the Judgment-Rendering Region |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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C Grounds for Refusing JRE |
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219 | (41) |
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i Incompetent Indirect Jurisdiction |
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220 | (17) |
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1 Direct and Indirect Jurisdiction |
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220 | (7) |
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a JRE Difficulties brought about by Different Regional Direct and Indirect Jurisdiction Laws |
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220 | (3) |
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b Single Enforcement Arrangement |
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223 | (3) |
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c Three Categories of Indirect Jurisdiction |
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226 | (1) |
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2 Required Indirect Jurisdiction |
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227 | (6) |
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a The Defendant has His or Her Domicile or Habitual Residence in the Region where the Judgment-Rendering Court is Located |
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227 | (1) |
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b The Defendant has a Representative Office in the Region where the Court is Located and the Action is Related to the Activities of the Office |
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228 | (1) |
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c Jurisdiction based on a Choice of Court Agreement |
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228 | (5) |
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d Jurisdiction based on Submission |
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233 | (1) |
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3 Excluded Indirect Jurisdiction |
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233 | (3) |
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a Exclusive Jurisdiction over Certain Disputes of Joint Ventures |
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234 | (1) |
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b Jurisdiction of the Place where the Contract is Signed |
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234 | (1) |
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c Jurisdiction by Service on a Defendant Who Temporarily Appears |
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235 | (1) |
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4 Permitted Indirect Jurisdiction |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (5) |
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237 | (3) |
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2 Losing Party or Defendant |
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240 | (1) |
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3 Obligation of Challenging a Judgment on the Ground of Unfair Procedure in the Judgment-rendering Court |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (5) |
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1 Conflicts between a Requested Judgment and a Recognized Judgment |
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243 | (1) |
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2 Conflicts between a Requested Judgment and a Local Judgment |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (5) |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (2) |
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v Public Policy Exception |
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252 | (7) |
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1 Necessity of Preserving a Public Policy Exception |
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252 | (4) |
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2 Substantive and Procedural Public Policy Exception |
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256 | (3) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
| 6 Implementation of the Proposed Multilateral JRE Arrangement |
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261 | (15) |
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261 | (5) |
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i Amending the PRC Constitution |
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261 | (2) |
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ii Enacting a National JRE Law |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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iv Adopting Interregional Arrangement plus Separate Regional Legislation |
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265 | (1) |
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B Coordination Mechanism for Implementing the Proposed Multilateral JRE Arrangement |
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266 | (8) |
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i Exchanging Information about the Specific Judgments that are to be Enforced |
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269 | (2) |
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ii Maintaining Interpretational Uniformity |
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271 | (1) |
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iii Proposed Coordination Organization |
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271 | (3) |
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C Relationship with Other Interregional and International JRE Instruments |
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274 | (2) |
| 7 Conclusion |
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276 | (3) |
| Appendices |
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279 | (46) |
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1 The Mainland-Hong Kong Arrangement |
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281 | (11) |
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2 The Mainland-Macao Arrangement |
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292 | (7) |
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299 | (26) |
| Index |
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325 | |