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E-raamat: Intracranial Aneurysms

Edited by (Neurosurgeon with the Mayfield Clinic, Director of Neurosurgery at the Good Samaritan Hospital and Chief of Neurosciences at TriHealth Hospital System in Cincinnati, OH, USA)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-May-2018
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128118832
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-May-2018
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128118832

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Intracranial aneurysm result from complex interactions between cerebrovascular anatomy, vascular injury, and adaptive remodeling of the arterial wall and represent a cerebrovascular disorder with the potential for substantial morbidity and mortality. Most intracranial aneurysms occur in the larger arteries near the skull base, in or around the circle of Willis, but variants may appear virtually anywhere in the cerebral vasculature. The aneurysm can leak or rupture, causing life-threatening bleeding, and is the most common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, the third most common form of stroke. Intracranial aneurysms affect about 1 in 10,000 people per year in the United States (approximately 27,000). Intracranial Aneurysms will address the natural history, biology, and basic management principles and treatment of aneurysms. The chapters also explore the unique features of each type or location of aneurysm while considering the medical, surgical, and endovascular options. Contributions are by members of the Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group, a group of recognized expert neurosurgeons who specialize in cerebrovascular and endovascular management of aneurysms.

  • Comprehensively covers the basic mechanisms, history, management and treatment of intracranial aneurysms
  • Written for researchers, residents and clinical practitioners in clinical neuroscience, neurology and neurosurgery
  • Contains contributions by expert neurosurgeons of the Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group

Arvustused

"Although an entire book can be written on any one of the chapters in this book, Intracranial Aneurysms provides a well-structured overview of the subject. It is well written, and the inclusion of both microsurgical and endovascular treatment strategies is of particular relevance to the contemporary management of cerebral aneurysms. This book will serve as a great compendium for neurosurgical trainees and cerebrovascular surgeons." --Stephan A. Munich MD and L. Nelson Hopkins MD, World Neurosurgery, February 2019

Contributors xiii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
PART I BACKGROUND
Chapter I Cerebrovascular Embryology and Implications for the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Aneurysms
Juan C. Mejia Munne
Andrew F. Ringer
Todd A. Abruzzo
1.1 Vnsculogenesis and Angiogenesis
4(1)
1.2 Embryology of the Cerebral Arterial Circulation
5(3)
1.3 Mural Structure of Cerebral Arteries
8(1)
1.4 Cerebral Arterial Bifurcations as an Anatomical Vulnerability
9(1)
1.5 Anatomical Variants of Persistent Fetal Circulation
9(5)
1.6 Conclusions
14(3)
References
14(3)
Chapter 2 Biology of Cerebral Aneurysm Formation, Growth, and Rupture
Luis E. Savastand
Ankur Bhambri
David Andrew Wilkinson
Aditya S. Pandey
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Formation of Intracranial Aneurysms
18(3)
2.1 Atherosclerosis and Saccular Intracranial Aneurysms
21(1)
2.4 Hemodynamics and Biology
22(1)
2.5 Aneurysm Growth
23(2)
2.6 Aneurysm Wall Inflammation
25(1)
2.7 Aneurysm Rupture
26(7)
References
29(4)
Chapter 8 Experimental Aneurysm Models
Visish M. Srinivasan
Peterkan
3.1 Concepts for Models
33(4)
3.2 Early Models and History
37(1)
3.3 Classification of Models
37(6)
3.4 Special Aneurysm Models
43(1)
3.5 Limitations of Current Models
44(1)
3.6 Conclusion
44(3)
References
44(3)
Chapter 4 Training Standards in Neuroendovascular Surgery (NES)
Jay U. Howington
4.1 Introduction
47(1)
4.2 Background
48(1)
4.3 Prerequisite Training
49(2)
4.4 Program Requirements
51(1)
4.5 Program Personnel and Resources
52(1)
4.6 Advanced Fellowship Training
53(2)
4.7 Conclusion
55(5)
References
55(5)
PART II EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ANEURYSMS AND SAH
Chapter 5 Imaging of Intracranial Aneurysms
Waleed Brinjikji
Vivek Gupta
Prasanna Vibhute
5.1 Introduction
60(1)
5.2 Intracranial Aneurysm Detection
60(6)
5.3 Intracranial Aneurysm Characterization
66(6)
5.4 Vessel Wall Imaging
72(2)
5.5 Functional Intracranial Aneurysm Imaging With MRA and CTA
74(1)
5.6 4D-MRA
74(1)
5.7 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
75(1)
5.8 Posttreatment Aneurysm Imaging
75(4)
5.9 Conclusions
79(7)
References
81(5)
Chapter 6 Surveillance and Screening for Intracranial Aneurysms
Christopher P. Carroll
Ryan D. Tackla
Shawn M. Vuong
Andrew J. Ringer
6.1 Introduction
86(1)
6.2 Indications for Screening
86(3)
6.3 Management of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
89(6)
6.4 Conclusion
95(5)
References
95(5)
Chapter 7 Severe Headache and Diagnosis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Emergency Department
Karen Greentlerg
Mandy J. Binning
Erol Veznedaroglu
7.1 Introduction
100(1)
7.2 Incidence and Prevalence of aSAH
100(1)
7.3 Etiology
101(1)
7.4 SAH Clinical Severity Scales
102(1)
7.5 Clinical Presentation
103(1)
7.6 Diagnosis
104(1)
7.7 Noncontrast CT
105(2)
7.8 Lumbar Puncture
107(1)
7.9 Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
108(1)
7.10 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
109(1)
7.11 Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)
109(1)
7.12 Management
110(2)
7.13 Technological Advances
112(1)
7.14 Conclusions
112(4)
References
113(3)
Chapter 6 Evaluation and Initial Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Nathan L. Colon
Mandy J. Binning
Erol Veznedaroglu
8.1 Epidemiology
116(1)
8.2 Risk Factors
116(1)
8.3 Etiology and Pathogenesis
116(1)
8.4 Clinical Characteristics
117(1)
8.5 Management
118(4)
8.6 Delayed Cerebral Ischemia
122(1)
8.7 Conclusion
123(3)
References
123(3)
Chapter 9 SAH of Unknown Etiology: Natural History and Further Evaluation
Waleed Brinjikji
Giuseppe Lanzino
9.1 Introduction
126(1)
9.2 Perimesencephalic Hemorrhage
126(4)
9.3 Diffuse SAH
130(2)
9.4 Sulcal SAH
132(2)
9.5 Isolated Intraventricular Hemorrhage
134(2)
9.6 CT-Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
136(5)
References
137(4)
Chapter 10 Critical Care Management of Aneurysmal SAH After the Aneurysm is Secured
Nitin Goyal
Adam S. Arthur
Daniel Hoit
10.1 Introduction
141(1)
10.2 Diagnosis and Acute Management
142(2)
10.3 Critical Care Management
144(10)
10.4 Conclusion
154(7)
References
155(6)
Chapter 11 Radiographic Vasospasm and Clinical (Symptomatic) Vasospasm
Jasmeet Singh
Robert T. Wicks
John A. Wilson
Stagey Q. Wolfe
Kyle M. Fargen
11.1 Background
161(2)
11.2 Historical Perspective of Vasospasm
163(1)
11.3 Pathophysiology
163(1)
11.4 Prevention of Symptomatic Vasospasm
164(1)
11.5 Detection/Monitoring of Vasospasm
165(3)
11.6 Management of Cerebral Vasospasm
168(6)
11.7 Conclusion
174(5)
References
174(5)
Chapter 11 Delayed Neurological Injury Not From Large-Vessel Vasospasm
Nicolas K. Khattar
Enzo S. Fortuny
Andrew C. White
Zaid S. Aljuboori
Robert F. James
12.1 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Delayed Neurologic Injury
179(13)
References
186(6)
PART III SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
Chapter 13 Anesthesia Management of Intracranial Aneurysms
Kenneth A. Moore
Adam H. Arthur
Carman Wayne Hamm
13.1 Preoperative Considerations
192(2)
13.2 Cardiac Effects
194(1)
13.3 Pulmonary Effects
195(1)
13.4 Other Major Medical Problems
196(1)
13.5 General Anesthetic Management
196(6)
13.6 Special Considerations
202(1)
13.7 Conclusion
203(5)
References
204(4)
Chapter 14 Technical Principles of Aneurysm Clipping
Babu G. Welch
Rafael De Oliveira Sillero
Jonathan A. White
H. Hunt Batjer
14.1 Introduction
208(1)
14.2 Equipment
208(1)
14.3 Basic Surgical Approaches
209(1)
14.4 Subtemporal Approach
210(2)
14.5 Far-Lateral Suboccipital Approach
212(1)
14.6 Subarachnoid Dissection
212(2)
14.7 Temporary Arterial Control
214(1)
14.8 Intraoperative Rupture
214(1)
14.9 Basic Principles of Clip Application
215(14)
14.10 Large and Giant Aneurysms
229(2)
14.11 Conclusion
231(3)
References
231(3)
Chapter 15 Management of Complex Intracranial Aneurysms: Principles of Microsurgical Deconstruction and Cerebrovascular Bypass
Ralph Rahme
Marjan Alimi
Tejaswi D. Sudhakar
David J. Lancer
15.1 Introduction
234(1)
15.2 What Is a "Complex" Aneurysm?
234(1)
15.3 Principles of Microsurgical Deconstruction
235(1)
15.4 When Is a bypass Needed?
236(1)
15.5 Trap then Bypass or Bypass then Trap?
237(1)
15.6 Elegance Versus Efficiency: IC-IC or EC-IC?
238(2)
15.7 EC-IC Constructs: Donor, Recipient, and Graft
240(4)
15.8 The Operation Begins When the Bypass Is In
244(1)
15.9 Postoperative Care
245(4)
References
246(3)
Chapter 16 Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring in Brain Aneurysm Surgery
Tejaswi D. Sudhakar
Ralph Rahme
Marjan Alimi
Timothy G. White
David J. Lancer
16.1 Introduction
249(1)
16.2 Electroencephalography
250(2)
16.3 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
252(1)
16.4 Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
253(2)
16.5 Motor Evoked Potentials
255(4)
16.6 CN Monitoring
259(1)
16.7 Anesthetic and Systemic Considerations
259(1)
16.8 Conclusion
260(8)
References
261(7)
PART IV ENDOVASCULAR TECHNIQUES
Chapter 17 Diagnostic Angiography Techniques and Complication Avoidance
Maunik Patel
Syed A. Rahman
Stephen R. Chen
17.1 Introduction
268(1)
17.2 History
268(3)
17.3 Pre-Procedural Workup
271(3)
17.4 Cerebral Angiography Technique and Safety
274(3)
17.5 Wires, Catheters, and Flush
277(6)
17.6 Additional Imaging Considerations and Standard Views
283(1)
17.7 Closure and Post-Procedure
284(1)
17.8 Conclusion
284(4)
References
284(4)
Chapter 18 Evolving Technologies in the Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms
Jan Vargas
Robert Starke
Alejandro M. Spiotta
Raymond D. Turner
18.1 Introduction
288(1)
18.2 Imaging Technologies
288(3)
18.3 Aneurysm Treatment
291(1)
18.4 Stents
292(1)
18.5 Flow Diverters
293(3)
18.6 Coil Support Devices
296(1)
18.7 Conclusion
297(8)
References
298(7)
Chapter 19 Platelet Inhibition and Anticoagulation in Endovascular Neurosurgery
Sabih T. Effendi
Sricharan Gopakumar
Peter Kan
19.1 Overview of Clot Formation
305(1)
19.2 Medications
306(6)
19.3 Testing Response to Medications
312(3)
19.4 Clinical Use
315(2)
19.5 Conclusion
317(3)
References
318(2)
Chapter 20 Guide Catheter Access: Basics and Solutions to Difficult Anatomy
Babu G. Welch
Nikhil Mehta
20.1 Common Principles
320(1)
20.2 Common Femoral Access
320(1)
20.3 Radial Access
321(1)
20.4 Brachial Access
321(1)
20.5 Carotid Access
322(1)
20.6 Considerations for Lesion Access
322(3)
20.7 Catheter Constructs for Typical Situations
325(2)
20.8 Conclusion
327(3)
References
327(3)
Chapter 21 Basic Endovascular Techniques: Direct, Balloon-Assisted, and Stent-Asststed Coil Embolization
Andrew C. White
Nicolas K. Khattar
Zaid S. Aljuboori
Jeffrey C. Obiora
Robert F. James
21.1 Introduction
330(1)
21.2 Preoperative Considerations
330(1)
21.3 Direct Coil Embolization
331(5)
21.4 Balloon-Assisted Coil Embolization
336(5)
21.5 Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization
341(8)
21.6 Coiling Result Assessment
349(2)
21.7 Conclusion
351(8)
Appendix A Balloon Catheter Preparatory Steins
351(2)
Appendix B Tips for Using the Various Stent Systems
353(1)
References
354(5)
Chapter 22 Endovascular Flow Diversion
Visish M. Srinivasan
Jacob Cherian
Elad I. Levy
Peter Kan
22.1 Introduction
359(1)
22.2 History
359(1)
22.3 General Concepts
359(3)
22.4 Terminology
362(1)
22.5 Common Flow Diverters
363(1)
22.6 Major Studies
364(1)
22.7 Expanding Indications
365(6)
22.8 Evaluating Outcome
371(1)
22.9 Complications
372(2)
22.10 Next-Generation Devices
374(1)
22.11 Conclusions
375(4)
References
375(4)
Chapter 23 Intra-Sacular Flow Disruption
Christopher Nickele
Ahmed Cheema
Daniel Hoit
Adam S. Arthur
23.1 Background and Concept of Flow Diversion
379(1)
23.2 Luna Aneurysm Embolization System (LUNA AES)---Artisse
380(1)
23.3 Woven EndoBridge (WEB) Device
381(3)
23.4 Discussion
384(3)
References
385(2)
Chapter 24 Balloon Test Occlusion
Brian P. Walcott
Robin Babadjouni
Benjamin Yim
William J. Mack
24.1 Background
387(1)
24.2 Indications
388(2)
24.3 Technique
390(2)
24.4 Complications
392(1)
24.5 Conclusion
393(5)
References
394(4)
Chapter 25 Parent Vessel Sacrifice in Endovascular Surgery
Vernard S. Fenneli
Adnan H. Siddiqui
25.1 Introduction
398(1)
25.2 Indications
399(4)
25.3 Technical Considerations
403(5)
25.4 Conclusion
408(3)
Acknowledgments
408(1)
References
408(3)
Chapter 26 Complication Avoidance During Neuroendovascular Procedures
Richard D. Fessier
Justin G. Thomas
Yahia M. Lodj
26.1 Introduction
411(1)
26.2 Patient-Related Morbidity and Risk Assessment
412(7)
26.3 Management of Intraoperative Thromboembolic Complications
419(7)
26.4 Conclusions
426(6)
References
427(5)
Chapter 27 Complication Avoidance and Management of Endovascular Treatments
Isaac J. Abecassis
Christopher C. Younu
Michael R. Levitt
Louis J. Kim
27.1 Introduction
432(1)
27.2 Thromboembolic Complications
432(6)
27.3 Hemorrhagic Complications
438(3)
27.4 Device Complications
441(5)
27.5 Access Site Complications
446(6)
27.6 Conclusions
452(11)
References
452(11)
PART V SPECIFICS OF ANEURYSM TREATMENT
Chapter 28 Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
Justin Mascitelli
Jay U. Howington
28.1 Epidemiology
463(1)
28.2 Anatomy
464(1)
28.3 Microsurgical Treatment
465(3)
28.4 Endovascular Treatment
468(7)
28.5 Treatment Strategy
475(2)
28.0 Conclusion
477(4)
References
477(4)
Chapter 29 Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms Introduction
Mandy J. Binning
References
481(2)
Chapter 29A Specifics of Aneurysm Treatment: Paraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery
Kenneth Liebman
Hirad S. Hedayat
Adam Elwoup
29A.1 Epidemiology
483(1)
29A.2 Anatomy
484(2)
29A.3 Microsurgical Treatment
486(2)
29A.4 Endovascular Treatment
488(6)
29A.5 Treatment Strategy
494(1)
29A.6 Conclusion
495(5)
References
495(5)
Chapter 29B Internal Carotid Aneurysms---Communicating Segment
Clemens M. Schirmer
Christoph J. Griessenauer
29B.1 Epidemiology
500(1)
29B.2 Anatomy
500(2)
29B.3 Microsurgical Treatment
502(1)
29B.4 Endovascular Treatment
503(1)
29B.5 Treatment Strategies
504(4)
29B.6 Conclusion
508(5)
References
509(4)
Chapter 29C Carotid Terminus Aneurysms
Joseph G. Adel
29C.1 Epidemiology
513(1)
29C.2 Anatomy
514(1)
29C.3 Microsurgical Treatment
514(6)
29C.4 Endovascular Treatment
520(4)
29C.5 Treatment Strategies
524(1)
29C.6 Conclusion
524(3)
References
524(3)
Chapter 30 Middle Cerebral Artery
Hirad S. Hedayat
Mandy J. Dinning
Erol Veznedaroglu
30.1 Epidemiology
527(1)
30.2 Anatomy
528(2)
30.3 Microsurgical Treatment
530(3)
30.4 Endovascular Treatment
533(2)
30.5 Treatment Strategies
535(1)
30.6 Conclusions
535(4)
References
536(3)
Chapter 31 Vertebral Artery and PICA Aneurysms
M. Reid Gooch
John C. Dalfino
Junichi Yamamoto
Alan S. Boulos
31.1 Epidemiology
539(1)
31.2 Anatomy
540(4)
31.3 Microsurgical Treatment
544(1)
31.4 Endovascular Treatment
545(3)
31.5 Treatment Strategies
548(2)
31.6 Conclusion
550(6)
References
551(5)
Chapter 32 Introduction: Basilar Artery Aneurysms
Mandy J. Binning
32.1 Basilar Terminus Aneurysms
556(1)
32.2 PCA/SCA Aneurysms
556(1)
32.3 Basilar Trunk Aneurysms
557(1)
32.4 Conclusions
557(2)
References
558(1)
Chapter 32A Specifics of Treatment for Basilar Trunk Artery Aneurysms
Pedro Aguilar-Salinas
Roberta Santos
Leonardo B.C. Brasiliense
Amin Aghaebrahim
Eric Sauvageau
Ricardo A. Hanel
32A.1 Epidemiology
559(1)
32A.2 Anatomy
560(2)
32A.3 Microsurgical Treatment
562(5)
32A.4 Endovascular Treatment
567(4)
32A.5 Treatment Strategy
571(1)
32A.6 Conclusion
571(6)
References
572(5)
Chapter 32A Basilar Terminus
Douglas L. Stofko
Glenn Pollock
32B.1 Epidemiology
577(1)
32B.2 Anatomy
577(2)
32B.3 Microsurgical Treatment
579(4)
32B.4 Endovascular Treatment
583(4)
32B.5 Treatment Strategies
587(1)
32B.6 Conclusions
588(5)
References
588(5)
Chapter 32C Posterior Cerebral Artery/Superior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms
Rashid M. Janua
32C.1 Epidemiology
593(1)
32C.2 Anatomy
593(1)
32C.3 Microsurgical Treatment
594(5)
32C.4 Conclusion
599(2)
References
599(2)
Chapter 33 Pericallosal Aneurysms
Thomas Adam Oliver
33.1 Epidemiology
601(1)
33.2 Anatomy
601(1)
33.3 Microsurgical Treatment
602(3)
33.4 Endovascular Treatment
605(4)
33.5 Treatment Strategy
609(1)
33.6 Conclusion
610(4)
References
611(3)
Chapter 34 Specifics of Aneurysm Treatment Distal Aneurysms
Atilio Palma
Laura Galarza-Paez
Kyle M. Fargen
Jasmeet Singh
John A. Wilson
Stacey Q. Wolfe
34.1 Epidemiology
614(3)
34.2 Anatomy
617(1)
34.3 Microsurgical Treatment
618(3)
34.4 Endovascular Treatment
621(1)
34.5 Treatment Strategy
622(2)
34.6 Conclusion
624(6)
References
624(6)
PART VI ATYPICAL ANEURYSMS
Chapter 35 Dissecting Intracranial Aneurysms
Yahia M. Lodi
Justin G. Thomas
Richard D. Ffssler
35.1 Introduction
630(2)
35.2 Etiology and Pathophysiology
632(1)
35.3 Classification
633(1)
35.4 Clinical Presentations of ID Aneurysms
634(1)
35.5 Radiographic Evaluation and Diagnosis of DIA
635(1)
35.6 Management of DIA
636(5)
35.7 Conclusion
641(4)
References
641(4)
Chapter 36 Fusiform Aneurysms
Lincoln Jimenez
Joseph C. Serrone
Norrerto O. Andaiuz
Andrew J. Rinoer
36.1 Introduction
645(1)
36.2 History
646(1)
36.3 Incidence
646(1)
36.4 Etiology and Pathophysiology
646(2)
36.5 Clinical Presentation
648(1)
36.6 Natural History
649(2)
36.7 Compressive Symptoms
651(1)
36.8 Hemorrhage
652(1)
36.9 Pathology
652(1)
36.10 Controversial Role of Atherosclerosis
653(1)
36.11 Aneurysm Growth
654(1)
36.12 Treatment
655(2)
36.13 Medical Therapy
657(1)
36.14 Conclusions
658(5)
References
658(5)
Chapter 37 Mycotic Cerebral Aneurysms
Arvin R. Wali
Robert C. Rennert
Jeffrey A. Steinberg
David S. Dieppa
Jeffrey S. Pannell
Alexander Khalessi
37.1 Introduction and Background
663(1)
37.2 Etiology and Pathophysiology
664(1)
37.3 Risk Factors
664(1)
37.4 Presentation
664(1)
37.5 Diagnosis
665(1)
37.6 Management Strategies
666(1)
37.7 Benefits of Endovascular Intervention
666(1)
37.8 Case Illustration
667(2)
37.9 Conclusion
669(2)
References
669(2)
Chapter 38 Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysms
Usman A. Khan
Jeffrey A. Steinberg
Robert C. Rennert
Jeffrey S. Pannell
Vincent Cheung
Alexander Khalessi
38.1 Introduction
671(1)
38.2 Incidence and Natural History
672(1)
38.3 Clinical Presentation
672(1)
38.4 Pathophysiology
673(1)
38.5 Workup, Management, and Treatment
674(1)
38.6 Conclusion
675(6)
References
678(3)
Chapter 39 Blister Aneurysms
Waleed Brinijikji
Giuseppe Lanzino
39.1 Introduction
681(1)
39.2 Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology
682(1)
39.3 Imaging Characteristics
682(2)
39.4 Endovascular Treatments
684(6)
39.5 Surgical Options
690(1)
39.6 Conclusions
691(4)
References
691(4)
Index 695
Andrew Ringer, MD, is a neurosurgeon with the Mayfield Clinic, Director of Neurosurgery at the Good Samaritan Hospital and Chief of Neurosciences at TriHealth Hospital System in Cincinnati, Ohio. . Dr. Ringer is dedicated to treating patients with neurovascular disease and to finding new neurosurgical techniques for the treatment of aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, carotid artery disease, and stroke.