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E-raamat: IntraLatino Language and Identity: MexiRican Spanish

(The University of Illinois at Chicago)
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The increasing diversity of the U.S. Latino population has given rise to a growing population of “mixed” Latinos. This is a study of such individuals raised in Chicago, Illinois who have one Mexican parent and one Puerto Rican parent, most of whom call themselves “MexiRicans.” Given that these two varieties of Spanish exhibit highly salient differences, these speakers can be said to experience intrafamilial dialect contact. The book first explores the lexicon, discourse marker use, and phonological features among two generations of over 70 MexiRican speakers, finding several connections to parental dialect, neighborhood demographics, and family dynamics. Drawing from critical mixed race theory, it then examines MexiRicans’ narratives about their ethnic identity, including the role of Spanish features in the ways in which they are accepted or challenged by monoethnic, monodialectal Mexicans and Puerto Ricans both in Chicago and abroad. These findings contribute to our understandings of dialect contact, U.S. Spanish, and the role of language in ethnic identity.
Acknowledgements ix
Chapter 1 Theoretical background: Intrafamilial dialect contact and mixed ethnicity Latinos
1(30)
1.1 Introduction
1(3)
1.2 Dialect contact
4(21)
1.2.1 Connections between language acquisition and dialect acquisition
15(7)
1.2.2 Role of the mother in linguistic transmission
22(2)
1.2.3 Potential clustering of dialect features
24(1)
1.2.4 Changes across generations
24(1)
1.3 Language and ethnic identity
25(2)
1.3.1 Mixed race studies
26(1)
1.4 Conclusions and organization of the book
27(4)
Chapter 2 Spanish-speaking Chicago: Corpus and methodology
31(40)
2.1 Spanish-speaking Chicago
31(6)
2.2 Mexicans and Puerto Ricans in Chicago: Fading animosities
37(9)
2.3 Corpus and methodology
46(15)
2.3.1 Generational categories
48(2)
2.3.2 Parent dialect groups
50(4)
2.3.3 Age
54(1)
2.3.4 Gender
54(1)
2.3.5 Spanish proficiency
54(4)
2.3.6 Socioeconomic status
58(3)
2.4 Methodology
61(1)
2.5 Conclusions
62(9)
Chapter 3 Lexicon
71(34)
3.1 The lexicon in cases of linguistic contact
71(11)
3.2 Methodology
82(1)
3.3 Results
83(18)
3.3.1 Overall lexical familiarity
83(4)
3.3.2 Generation
87(1)
3.3.3 Comparison with Chicago Mexicans and Puerto Ricans
88(6)
3.3.4 Mother's ethnolinguistic group
94(1)
3.3.5 Individual lexical items
95(4)
3.3.6 First word offered
99(2)
3.4 Conclusions
101(4)
Chapter 4 Discourse markers
105(26)
4.1 Discourse markers in cases of linguistic contact
105(4)
4.1.1 Discourse markers in Spanish
107(2)
4.2 Methodology
109(8)
4.3 Findings
117(7)
4.3.1 Overall frequency and functional distribution of discourse markers
117(1)
4.3.2 Generation
118(2)
4.3.3 Mother's ethnolinguistic group
120(3)
4.3.4 Individuals' uses of discourse markers
123(1)
4.4 Comparisons with Mexicans and with Puerto Ricans
124(4)
4.5 Conclusions
128(3)
Chapter 5 Phonology
131(42)
5.1 Phonological outcomes of dialect contact
131(3)
5.2 Mexican and Puerto Rican phonology
134(3)
5.2.1 Coda /s/
134(1)
5.2.2 /r/
135(1)
5.2.3 Other variables: coda /r/ and word final /n/
135(2)
5.3 Ratings
137(19)
5.3.1 Methodology, ratings
138(6)
5.3.2 Findings
144(11)
5.3.3 Homeland vs. Chicago ratings
155(1)
5.4 Segmental analysis
156(12)
5.4.1 Segmental analysis of /s/
159(3)
5.4.2 Segmental analysis of /r/
162(2)
5.4.3 Comparison with Chicago Mexicans and Puerto Ricans
164(1)
5.4.4 Tandem /s/ and /r/ behavior
165(3)
5.5 Conclusions
168(5)
Chapter 6 Connections between linguistic domains
173(26)
6.1 Lexicon
174(8)
6.1.1 Individuals dominant in Mexican lexicon
174(3)
6.1.2 Individuals dominant in Puerto Rican lexicon
177(2)
6.1.3 Individuals balanced in Mexican and Puerto Rican lexicon
179(3)
6.2 Discourse markers
182(2)
6.3 Phonology
184(6)
6.3.1 Individuals dominant in Mexican phonology
185(1)
6.3.2 Individuals balanced in Mexican and Puerto Rican phonology
186(1)
6.3.3 Individuals dominant in Puerto Rican phonology
187(3)
6.4 Individual profiles
190(6)
6.4.1 Nancy (G3:2)
190(1)
6.4.2 Leticia (G3:2)
191(2)
6.4.3 Juliana (G2)
193(1)
6.4.4 Ivan (G2)
194(1)
6.4.5 Yolanda (G2)
195(1)
6.4.6 Elsa (G3:2)
195(1)
6.5 Conclusions
196(3)
Chapter 7 Ethnic identity discourses
199(54)
7.1 Connections between language and ethnic identity
200(4)
7.2 Critical mixed race theory
204(4)
7.3 "Por eso mis papas no estan juntos": MexiRican discourses about Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and how the two groups get along
208(6)
7.4 Indexing ethnicity though food, flags, and labels
214(9)
7.4.1 "Man, tu mama esta loca, she cooks Mexican and Puerto Rican": Food as cultural practice
214(2)
7.4.2 "Pongo las dos banderas, o no lo compro": Flags
216(3)
7.4.3 Indexing ethnic identity through self-labeling
219(4)
7.5 Ethnic identity claims and challenges
223(27)
7.5.1 "I'm like 50--50, you know": Dual ethnicity claims
223(6)
7.5.2 "You don't look Mexican, you don't sound Mexican": Challenges and attempts at erasure
229(15)
7.5.3 Shifting dialect features
244(6)
7.6 Conclusions
250(3)
Chapter 8 Conclusions
253(12)
8.1 MexiRicans' Spanish
254(5)
8.1.1 Lexical familiarity, discourse marker use, and phonological features
254(1)
8.1.2 Comparisons with Mexicans and Puerto Ricans in Chicago
255(1)
8.1.3 Generational changes
256(1)
8.1.4 Other influences on MexiRicans' Spanish
257(1)
8.1.5 Clustering of linguistic features
258(1)
8.1.6 Intrafamilial dialect contact and bidialectalism
258(1)
8.2 MexiRican ethnic identity and Latinidad
259(2)
8.3 Areas for future research
261(1)
8.4 Anthropolitical linguistics
262(3)
References 265(12)
Index 277