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E-raamat: Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics

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A classic introduction to the study of meaning, revitalised for a new generation of linguistsIdeal for undergraduate students exploring English linguistics for the first time, the new edition of this successful textbook is compact and self-contained, offering:





Expanded coverage of topic areas such as figurative language, compositional meaning and quantification Up-to-date, real-life examples drawn from a wide range of sources to clearly illustrate key concepts, such as how speakers use novel metaphors and metonyms Additional exercises to further reinforce and develop key concepts Thorough signposting to contemporary research publications in semantics and pragmatics

This clear and accessible textbook introduces the crucial concepts essential to your study of the semantics and pragmatics of English. Coverage is wide-ranging, taking you from word meaning to the level of discourse, and explaining how these topics are treated in contemporary linguistic research. Chapters cover adjective, noun and verb meanings, situation types, figurative language, tense, aspect, modality, quantification, topic and focus. Explanations of entailment, compositionality and scope provide a foundation for subsequent study of formal semantics.Supported by chapter summaries and with plenty of usage examples, exercises and discussion questions, you will not only gain a systematic overview of meaning in English but be equipped with the tools to argue for specific analyses as well.
List of figures and tables
viii
Preface to the third edition ix
1 Studying meaning
1(15)
Overview
1(3)
1.1 Sentences and utterances
4(1)
1.2 Types of meaning
5(5)
1.3 Semantics vs pragmatics
10(6)
Summary
14(1)
Exercises
14(2)
2 Sense relations
16(16)
Overview
16(1)
2.1 Propositions and entailment
16(3)
2.2 Compositionality
19(2)
2.3 Synonymy
21(2)
2.4 Complementarity, antonymy, converseness and incompatibility
23(3)
2.5 Hyponymy
26(6)
Summary
30(1)
Exercises
30(1)
Recommendations for reading
31(1)
3 Nouns
32(12)
Overview
32(1)
3.1 The bas-relation
32(8)
3.2 Count nouns and mass nouns
40(4)
Summary
42(1)
Exercises
42(1)
Recommendations for reading
43(1)
4 Adjectives
44(11)
Overview
44(1)
4.1 Gradability
44(3)
4.2 Combining adjective meanings with noun meanings
47(8)
Summary
52(1)
Exercises
53(1)
Recommendations for reading
53(2)
5 Verbs
55(11)
Overview
55(1)
5.1 Verb types and arguments
55(2)
5.2 Causative verbs
57(4)
5.3 Thematic relations
61(5)
Summary
64(1)
Exercises
64(1)
Recommendations for reading
65(1)
6 Tense and aspect
66(16)
Overview
66(1)
6.1 Talking about events in time
66(3)
6.2 Tense
69(4)
6.3 Aspect
73(9)
Summary
79(1)
Exercises
79(1)
Recommendations for reading
80(2)
7 Modality, scope and quantification
82(19)
Overview
82(1)
7.1 Modality
82(5)
7.2 Semantic scope
87(3)
7.3 Quantification
90(11)
Summary
98(1)
Exercises
98(2)
Recommendations for reading
100(1)
8 Pragmatic inference
101(20)
Overview
101(2)
8.1 Some ways of conveying additional meanings
103(3)
8.2 The Gricean maxims
106(6)
8.3 Relevance Theory
112(3)
8.4 Presuppositions
115(6)
Summary
119(1)
Exercises
119(1)
Recommendations for reading
120(1)
9 Figurative language
121(12)
Overview
121(1)
9.1 Literal and figurative usage
121(2)
9.2 Metaphor
123(2)
9.3 Metonymy
125(2)
9.4 Simile
127(1)
9.5 Irony
128(1)
9.6 Hyperbole
129(4)
Summary
131(1)
Exercises
131(1)
Recommendations for reading
131(2)
10 Utterances in context
133(15)
Overview
133(1)
10.1 Tailoring utterances to the audience
133(1)
10.2 Definiteness
134(2)
10.3 Given and new material
136(7)
10.4 The Question Under Discussion
143(5)
Summary
145(1)
Exercises
146(1)
Recommendations for reading
146(2)
11 Doing things with words
148(27)
Overview
148(1)
11.1 Speech acts
148(3)
11.2 Indicators of speech acts
151(24)
Summary
159(1)
Exercises
159(1)
Recommendations for reading
160(1)
Suggested answers to the exercises
161(14)
References 175(4)
Index 179
Patrick Griffiths was a professor of English at Beppu University, Japan. He taught courses on semantics, the structure of English, psycholinguistics and general linguistics at a number of universities, including Beppu, the University of the South Pacific, and in the UK at York University and York St John.Chris Cummins is Reader in Linguistics and English Language at the University of Edinburgh. His other works include Pragmatics (EUP, 2019) and Constraints on Numerical Expressions (2015), and he co-edited the Oxford Handbook of Experimental Semantics and Pragmatics (2019) with Napoleon Katsos.