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E-raamat: Introduction to Fire Dynamics

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(University of Edinburgh, UK)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119975472
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Introduction to Fire DynamicsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119975472
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"Drysdale's book is by far the most comprehensive - everyone in the office has a copy...now including me. It holds just about everything you need to know about fire science." (Review of An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2nd Edition) After 25 years as a bestseller, Dougal Drysdale's classic introduction has been brought up-to-date and expanded to incorporate the latest research and experimental data. Essential reading for all involved in the field from undergraduate and postgraduate students to practising fire safety engineers and fire prevention officers, An Introduction to Fire Dynamics is unique in that it addresses the fundamentals of fire science and fire dynamics, thus providing the scientific background necessary for the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline.

An Introduction to Fire Dynamics





Includes experimental data relevant to the understanding of fire behaviour of materials; Features numerical problems with answers illustrating the quantitative applications of the concepts presented; Extensively course-tested at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the University of Edinburgh, and widely adopted throughout the world; Will appeal to all those working in fire safety engineering and related disciplines.
About the Author xi
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the Third Edition xv
List of Symbols and Abbreviations
xvii
1 Fire Science and Combustion
1(34)
1.1 Fuels and the Combustion Process
2(10)
1.1.1 The Nature of Fuels
2(4)
1.1.2 Thermal Decomposition and Stability of Polymers
6(6)
1.2 The Physical Chemistry of Combustion in Fires
12(23)
1.2.1 The Ideal Gas Law
14(4)
1.2.2 Vapour Pressure of Liquids
18(1)
1.2.3 Combustion and Energy Release
19(7)
1.2.4 The Mechanism of Gas Phase Combustion
26(4)
1.2.5 Temperatures of Flames
30(4)
Problems
34(1)
2 Heat Transfer
35(48)
2.1 Summary of the Heat Transfer Equations
36(2)
2.2 Conduction
38(14)
2.2.1 Steady State Conduction
38(2)
2.2.2 Non-steady State Conduction
40(8)
2.2.3 Numerical Methods of Solving Time-dependent Conduction Problems
48(4)
2.3 Convection
52(7)
2.4 Radiation
59(24)
2.4.1 Configuration Factors
64(8)
2.4.2 Radiation from Hot Gases and Non-luminous Flames
72(4)
2.4.3 Radiation from Luminous Flames and Hot Smoky Gases
76(3)
Problems
79(4)
3 Limits of Flammability and Premixed Flames
83(38)
3.1 Limits of Flammability
83(14)
3.1.1 Measurement of Flammability Limits
83(5)
3.1.2 Characterization of the Lower Flammability Limit
88(3)
3.1.3 Dependence of Flammability Limits on Temperature and Pressure
91(3)
3.1.4 Flammability Diagrams
94(3)
3.2 The Structure of a Premixed Flame
97(4)
3.3 Heat Losses from Premixed Flames
101(5)
3.4 Measurement of Burning Velocities
106(3)
3.5 Variation of Burning Velocity with Experimental Parameters
109(7)
3.5.1 Variation of Mixture Composition
110(1)
3.5.2 Variation of Temperature
111(1)
3.5.3 Variation of Pressure
112(1)
3.5.4 Addition of Suppressants
113(3)
3.6 The Effect of Turbulence
116(5)
Problems
118(3)
4 Diffusion Flames and Fire Plumes
121(60)
4.1 Laminar Jet Flames
123(5)
4.2 Turbulent Jet Flames
128(2)
4.3 Flames from Natural Fires
130(35)
4.3.1 The Buoyant Plume
132(7)
4.3.2 The Fire Plume
139(12)
4.3.3 Interaction of the Fire Plume with Compartment Boundaries
151(12)
4.3.4 The Effect of Wind on the Fire Plume
163(2)
4.4 Some Practical Applications
165(16)
4.4.1 Radiation from Flames
166(3)
4.4.2 The Response of Ceiling-mounted Fire Detectors
169(2)
4.4.3 Interaction between Sprinkler Sprays and the Fire Plume
171(1)
4.4.4 The Removal of Smoke
172(2)
4.4.5 Modelling
174(4)
Problems
178(3)
5 Steady Burning of Liquids and Solids
181(44)
5.1 Burning of Liquids
182(17)
5.1.1 Pool Fires
182(11)
5.1.2 Spill Fires
193(1)
5.1.3 Burning of Liquid Droplets
194(3)
5.1.4 Pressurized and Cryogenic Liquids
197(2)
5.2 Burning of Solids
199(26)
5.2.1 Burning of Synthetic Polymers
199(10)
5.2.2 Burning of Wood
209(12)
5.2.3 Burning of Dusts and Powders
221(2)
Problems
223(2)
6 Ignition: The Initiation of Flaming Combustion
225(52)
6.1 Ignition of Flammable Vapour/Air Mixtures
225(10)
6.2 Ignition of Liquids
235(12)
6.2.1 Ignition of Low Flashpoint Liquids
241(1)
6.2.2 Ignition of High Flashpoint Liquids
242(3)
6.2.3 Auto-ignition of Liquid Fuels
245(2)
6.3 Piloted Ignition of Solids
247(22)
6.3.1 Ignition during a Constant Heat Flux
250(13)
6.3.2 Ignition Involving a `Discontinuous' Heat Flux
263(6)
6.4 Spontaneous Ignition of Solids
269(2)
6.5 Surface Ignition by Flame Impingement
271(1)
6.6 Extinction of Flame
272(5)
6.6.1 Extinction of Premixed Flames
272(1)
6.6.2 Extinction of Diffusion Flames
273(2)
Problems
275(2)
7 Spread of Flame
277(40)
7.1 Flame Spread Over Liquids
277(7)
7.2 Flame Spread Over Solids
284(23)
7.2.1 Surface Orientation and Direction of Propagation
284(8)
7.2.2 Thickness of the Fuel
292(2)
7.2.3 Density, Thermal Capacity and Thermal Conductivity
294(2)
7.2.4 Geometry of the Sample
296(1)
7.2.5 Environmental Effects
297(10)
7.3 Flame Spread Modelling
307(5)
7.4 Spread of Flame through Open Fuel Beds
312(1)
7.5 Applications
313(4)
7.5.1 Radiation-enhanced Flame Spread
313(2)
7.5.2 Rate of Vertical Spread
315(1)
Problems
315(2)
8 Spontaneous Ignition within Solids and Smouldering Combustion
317(32)
8.1 Spontaneous Ignition in Bulk Solids
317(14)
8.1.1 Application of the Frank-Kamenetskii Model
318(6)
8.1.2 The Thomas Model
324(1)
8.1.3 Ignition of Dust Layers
325(4)
8.1.4 Ignition of Oil - Soaked Porous Substrates
329(1)
8.1.5 Spontaneous Ignition in Haystacks
330(1)
8.2 Smouldering Combustion
331(16)
8.2.1 Factors Affecting the Propagation of Smouldering
333(9)
8.2.2 Transition from Smouldering to Flaming Combustion
342(2)
8.2.3 Initiation of Smouldering Combustion
344(2)
8.2.4 The Chemical Requirements for Smouldering
346(1)
8.3 Glowing Combustion
347(2)
Problems
348(1)
9 The Pre-flashover Compartment Fire
349(38)
9.1 The Growth Period and the Definition of Flashover
351(3)
9.2 Growth to Flashover
354(33)
9.2.1 Conditions Necessary for Flashover
354(10)
9.2.2 Fuel and Ventilation Conditions Necessary for Flashover
364(14)
9.2.3 Factors Affecting Time to Flashover
378(4)
9.2.4 Factors Affecting Fire Growth
382(3)
Problems
385(2)
10 The Post-flashover Compartment Fire
387(54)
10.1 Regimes of Burning
387(9)
10.2 Fully Developed Fire Behaviour
396(8)
10.3 Temperatures Achieved in Fully Developed Fires
404(16)
10.3.1 Experimental Study of Fully Developed Fires in Single Compartments
404(2)
10.3.2 Mathematical Models for Compartment Fire Temperatures
406(12)
10.3.3 Fires in Large Compartments
418(2)
10.4 Fire Resistance and Fire Severity
420(7)
10.5 Methods of Calculating Fire Resistance
427(8)
10.6 Projection of Flames from Burning Compartments
435(2)
10.7 Spread of Fire from a Compartment
437(4)
Problems
439(2)
11 Smoke: Its Formation, Composition and Movement
441(34)
11.1 Formation and Measurement of Smoke
443(16)
11.1.1 Production of Smoke Particles
443(4)
11.1.2 Measurement of Particulate Smoke
447(3)
11.1.3 Methods of Test for Smoke Production Potential
450(5)
11.1.4 The Toxicity of Smoke
455(4)
11.2 Smoke Movement
459(10)
11.2.1 Forces Responsible for Smoke Movement
459(6)
11.2.2 Rate of Smoke Production in Fires
465(4)
11.3 Smoke Control Systems
469(6)
11.3.1 Smoke Control in Large Spaces
470(1)
11.3.2 Smoke Control in Shopping Centres
471(2)
11.3.3 Smoke Control on Protected Escape Routes
473(2)
References 475(52)
Answers to Selected Problems 527(4)
Author Index 531(14)
Subject Index 545
Professor Dougal Drysdale recently retired from the University of Edinburgh, where he maintains the position of Emeritus Professor of Fire Safety Engineering. He is a past president of the International Association for Fire Safety Science. His research interests include spontaneous combustion, fire dynamics and behaviour, and fire investigation.
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