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E-raamat: Introduction to Nanoscience

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(University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA), , (Metropolitan State College of Denver, Colorado, USA), (NanoThread, Inc., Golden, Colorado, USA)
  • Formaat: 856 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-May-2008
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040069233
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Introduction to NanoscienceSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 856 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-May-2008
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040069233
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Tomorrows nanoscientist will have a truly interdisciplinary and nano-centric education, rather than, for example, a degree in chemistry with a specialization in nanoscience. For this to happen, the field needs a truly focused and dedicated textbook. This full-color masterwork is such a textbook. It introduces the nanoscale along with the societal impacts of nanoscience, then presents an overview of characterization and fabrication methods. The authors systematically discuss the chemistry, physics, and biology aspects of nanoscience, providing a complete picture of the challenges, opportunities, and inspirations posed by each facet before giving a brief glimpse at nanoscience in action: nanotechnology.

This book is written to provide a companion volume to Fundamentals of Nanotechnology. The two companion volumes are also available bound together in the single volume, Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Qualifying instructors who purchase either of these volumes (or the combined set) are given online access to a wealth of instructional materials. These include detailed lecture notes, review summaries, slides, exercises, and more. The authors provide enough material for both one- and two-semester courses.

Arvustused

"The figures are engaging and instructive, and the chapter reference lists are outstanding, containing the most up-to-date and important literature . . . This volume exposes students to the complete scope of nanoscience, allowing them to bring their disciplinary knowledge to the table and to understand the science, language, and techniques used in allied fields so they can develop a big picture interdisciplinary view, something needed to effectively engage and make major new contributions in this revolutionary field. Summing Up: Highly recommended."

B. Ransom, formerly, University of California- San Diego, in Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, November 2008, Vol. 46, No. 3

". . . extremely easy reading for students . . . In terms of the ease of usage for the teacher, it is refreshing to see a textbook that is written from a biomedical perspective in an area customarily frequented by material scientists and physicists and their customary dry writing. The authors do a very good job of contextualising the field and the reading is made ever more pleasant by the use of magnificent figures of superlative clarity . . . This book would certainly be used by me personally . . ."

Dipak Kumar Sarker, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, in Reviews, Dec 2008, Vol. 9, No. 17, Issue 2 "The figures are engaging and instructive, and the chapter reference lists are outstanding, containing the most up-to-date and important literature . . . This volume exposes students to the complete scope of nanoscience, allowing them to bring their disciplinary knowledge to the table and to understand the science, language, and techniques used in allied fields so they can develop a big picture interdisciplinary view, something needed to effectively engage and make major new contributions in this revolutionary field. Summing Up: Highly recommended."

B. Ransom, formerly, University of California- San Diego, in Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, November 2008, Vol. 46, No. 3

". . . extremely easy reading for students . . . In terms of the ease of usage for the teacher, it is refreshing to see a textbook that is written from a biomedical perspective in an area customarily frequented by material scientists and physicists and their customary dry writing. The authors do a very good job of contextualising the field and the reading is made ever more pleasant by the use of magnificent figures of superlative clarity . . . This book would certainly be used by me personally . . ."

Dipak Kumar Sarker, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, in Reviews, Dec 2008, Vol. 9, No. 17, Issue 2

Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxv
Authors xxxi
SECTION 1: PERSPECTIVES
1(104)
Introduction
3(56)
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology---The Distinction
5(8)
Requisite Definitions
6(2)
Government Line
8(1)
Working Definitions
9(4)
Historical Perspectives
13(10)
Concept of Atomism
13(1)
Colored Glasses
14(5)
Photography
19(1)
Catalysis
19(2)
Integrated Circuits and Chips
21(2)
Microelectromechanical Systems
23(1)
Advanced Materials
23(10)
Thin Films
25(5)
Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes
30(1)
Quantum Dots
31(1)
Other Advanced Materials
32(1)
Tool of Nano
33(7)
Electron Microscopy
35(1)
Atomic Probe Microscopes
36(1)
X-Ray Spectroscopy
36(2)
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
38(1)
Lithography
38(1)
Computer Modeling and Simulation
39(1)
Molecular Electronics
40(1)
Nature's Take on Nano and the Advent of Molecular Biology
40(4)
Macroscopic Expressions of Natural Nanomaterials
40(1)
Cell Biology
41(1)
Molecular Biology and Genetics
42(2)
The Nano Perspective
44(8)
Integration of Everything
44(4)
Scale of Things and Timescales
48(1)
Grand Challenges Facing Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
48(2)
Next Industrial Revolution
50(2)
Concluding Remarks
52(1)
Acknowledgments
52(1)
References
53(3)
Problems
56(3)
Societal Implications of Nano
59(46)
Introduction to Societal Issues
61(9)
Societal Implications---The Background
61(2)
Breadth of Societal Implications
63(2)
Meet the Experts
65(3)
The Nano Perspective
68(2)
Ethical Implications
70(6)
Ethics in the Context of Research and Applied Science
71(1)
Principle of Respect for Communities
72(1)
Prinicple of the Common Good
73(2)
Principle of Social Justice
75(1)
You as Moral Agent
76(1)
Legal Implications
76(7)
Interaction of Law and Nanoscience
77(1)
Intellectual Property
77(3)
Civil Liability Issues
80(3)
Evaluation
83(1)
Environmental Implications
83(7)
Nanotoxicology
85(2)
Nanotechnology Risk Assessment
87(2)
Environmental Aspects of Nanotechnology
89(1)
Public Perception
90(3)
Factors Influencing Public Perception
90(1)
Nano and Public Opinion Polls
91(2)
A Call for Two-Way Communication
93(1)
Future of Nanotechnology
93(5)
Cycles and Patterns
93(1)
Trend Forecasting
94(1)
Attractionary Futuristics
94(1)
Maximum Freud
95(2)
Nanotechnology End Points
97(1)
Acknowledgment
98(1)
References
99(2)
Problems
101(4)
Introduction to Societal Issues
101(1)
Ethical Implications
101(1)
Legal Implications
101(1)
Environmental Implications
101(2)
Public Perception
103(1)
Future of Nanotechnology
104(1)
Ancillary Problems
104(1)
SECTION 2: NANOTOOLS
105(132)
Characterization Methods
107(70)
Characterization of Nanomaterials
108(15)
Background
109(4)
Types of Characterization Methods
113(3)
Optics and Resolution
116(6)
The Nano Perspective
122(1)
Electron Probe Methods
123(19)
Electron Interactions with Matter
125(6)
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Probe Microanalysis
131(4)
Transmission Electron Microscopy
135(5)
Other Important Electron Probe Methods
140(2)
Scanning Probe Microscopy Methods
142(12)
Atomic Force Microscopy
144(4)
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
148(4)
Other Important Scanning Probe Methods
152(1)
Atom-Probe Methods
153(1)
Spectroscopic Methods
154(5)
UV-Visible Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy
155(2)
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
157(1)
X-Ray Methods
158(1)
Nonradiative and Nonelectron Characterization Methods
159(12)
Particle Spectroscopy
159(2)
Thermodynamic Methods
161(1)
Particle Size Determination
161(1)
Surface Area and Porosity
162(5)
Other Important Characterization Methods
167(4)
References
171(2)
Problems
173(4)
Fabrication Methods
177(60)
Fabrication of Nanomaterials
178(15)
Background
178(2)
Types of Top-Down Fabrication Methods
180(5)
Types of Bottom-Up Fabrication Methods
185(6)
Nebulous Bottom-Up Fabrication Categories
191(1)
The Nano Perspective
192(1)
Top-Down Fabrication
193(17)
Mechanical Methods (Mechanosynthesis)
194(2)
Thermal Methods
196(1)
High-Energy Methods
197(3)
Chemical Fabrication Methods
200(3)
Lithographic Methods
203(7)
Bottom-Up Fabrication
210(15)
Gaseous-Phase Methods
210(7)
Liquid-Phase Methods
217(6)
Solid-Phase Bottom-Up Fabrication?
223(1)
Template Synthesis
224(1)
Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling
225(6)
History
226(1)
General Types of Molecular Modeling Methods
227(4)
References
231(4)
Problems
235(2)
SECTION 3: PHYSICS: PROPERTIES AND PHENOMENA
237(198)
Materials, Structure, And The Nanosurface
239(50)
Importance of the Surface
240(3)
Background
240(1)
Natural Perspective
241(1)
Inorganic Perspective
241(2)
The Nano Perspective
243(1)
Engineering Materials
243(7)
Metals and Alloys
245(1)
Semiconductors
246(1)
Ceramic and Glassy Materials
247(1)
Carbon-Based Materials
247(1)
Polymers
247(2)
Biological Materials
249(1)
Composites
249(1)
Particle Shape and the Surface
250(7)
Exterior Surface and Particel Shape
251(4)
Interior Nanoscale Surface Area
255(2)
Surface and Volume
257(4)
Geometric Surface-to-Volume Ratio
258(1)
Specific Surface Area
258(2)
Spherial Cluster Approximation
260(1)
Atomic Structure
261(13)
Crystal Systems and the Unit Cell
261(3)
Cubic and Hexagonal Systems
264(3)
Packing Fraction and Density
267(1)
Structural Magic Numbers
268(3)
Miller Indices and X-Ray Diffraction
271(3)
Particle Orientation
274(10)
Surface Polarization in Metals
275(3)
Particle Depolarization Factor and Screening Parameters
278(2)
Quasi-Static Limit
280(1)
Orientation of Nanometals in Transparent Media
281(3)
References
284(1)
Problems
285(4)
Energy At The Nanoscale
289(46)
Surface Energy
290(7)
Background
292(1)
Nature
293(2)
Introduction to Surface Stabilization
295(1)
The Nano Perspective
296(1)
Basic Thermodynamics
297(5)
Derivation of Surface Tension, γ
297(1)
Surface Excess
298(1)
Kelvin Equation
299(1)
Particle Curvature and the Yound-Laplace Equation
300(2)
Chemical Potential
302(1)
Liquid State
302(9)
Classical Surface Tension
305(2)
Capillarity
307(1)
Surface Tension Measurements
308(3)
Surface Energy (and Stress) of Solids
311(6)
Interaction Pair Potentials
313(1)
Surface Energy of Low-Index Crystals
313(3)
Surface Energy of Nanoparticles
316(1)
Surface Energy Minimization Mechanisms
317(15)
Surface Tension Reduction in Liquids
317(1)
DLVO Theory
318(3)
Polymeric (Steric) Stabilization
321(1)
Nucleation
321(1)
Ostwald Ripening
322(3)
Sintering
325(1)
Structural Stabilization in Solids
326(6)
References
332(1)
Problems
333(2)
The Material Continuum
335(48)
Material Continuum
336(6)
Material Properties and Phenomena
337(2)
Background
339(2)
Nano (Quantum) Perspective
341(1)
Basic Quantum Mechanics and the Solid State
342(15)
Ubiquitous Particle in a Box
343(5)
Two-Dimensinonal Quantum Systems
348(2)
Schrodinger Equation
350(2)
Bohr Exciton Radius
352(2)
Bandgaps
354(3)
Zero-Dimensinal Materials
357(10)
Clusters
357(3)
Metal Clusters and the HOCO-LUCO
360(1)
Optical Properties of Clusters
360(2)
Other Physical Properties and Phenomena
362(5)
One-Dimensional Mateials
367(3)
Type of Nanowires
369(1)
Physical Properties and Phenomena
369(1)
Two-Dimensional Materials
370(2)
Types of Thin Films
371(1)
Physical Proprties
371(1)
Hierarchical Structures
372(1)
Importance of Hierarchical Materials
372(1)
Quantum Size Effects and Scaling Laws
373(5)
Scaling Laws
374(1)
Classical Scaling Laws and the Nanoscale
375(1)
Scaling Laws for Clusters
376(2)
References
378(2)
Problems
380(3)
Nanothermodynamics
383(52)
Thermodynamics and Nanothermodynamics
384(3)
Background
384(2)
The Nano Perspective
386(1)
Classical Equilibrium Thermodynamics
387(11)
Extensive and Intensive Properties and State Functions
387(3)
The System, Its Surroundings, and Equilibrium
390(1)
Laws of Thermodynamics
391(4)
Fundamental Equations of Thermodynamics
395(2)
Equilibrium Constant and Reaction Kinetics
397(1)
Statistical Mechanics
398(4)
Microstates and Macrostates
398(1)
Canonical Ensembles
399(3)
Energy (Molecualar) Partition Functions
402(1)
Other Kinds of Thermodynamics
402(8)
The Onsager Relations
403(1)
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics
404(2)
The Concept of Pseudoequilibrium
406(1)
Cellular and Subcellular Systems
407(3)
Nanothermodynamics
410(14)
Backgroound
413(2)
Application of Classical Thermodynamics to Nanomaterials
415(6)
Small System Thermodynamics (the Theory of T.L. Hill)
421(3)
Modern Nanothermodynamics
424(6)
Nonextensivity and Nonintensivity
424(3)
Nanothermodynamics of a Single Molecule
427(1)
Modeling Nanomaterials
427(2)
Modern Non-nanothermodynamics?
429(1)
References
430(3)
Problems
433(2)
SECTION 4: CHEMISTRY: SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION
435(258)
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
437(50)
Carbon
438(7)
Types of Carbon Materials
439(3)
Bonding in Carbon Compounds
442(1)
The Nano Perspective
443(2)
Fullerenes
445(8)
Fullerene Properties
446(1)
Fullerene Synthesis
447(1)
Physical and Chemical Reactions of Fullerenes
448(5)
Carbon Nanotubes
453(21)
Structure of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
454(4)
Physical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
458(6)
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes
464(3)
Growth Mechanisms
467(2)
Chemial Modification of Carbon Nanotubes
469(5)
Diamondoid Nanomaterials
474(6)
Diamondoids
476(1)
Thin Diamond Films (and Other Ulterahard Substances)
477(1)
Chemical Modification of CVD Diamond
478(2)
References
480(5)
Problems
485(2)
Chemical Interactions at the Nanoscale
487(1)
Bonding Considerations at the Nanoscale
488(2)
Background
490(2)
Intramolecular versus Intermolecular Bonding
492(2)
Types of Intermolecular Bonding
494(2)
The Nano Perspective
496(1)
Electrostatic Interactions
497(3)
Ion Pair Interactions
500(1)
Solvent Effects
501(4)
Ion-Dipole and Dipole-Dipole Interactions
505(4)
Dative Bonds
509(6)
π-Interactions
515(2)
Hydrogen Bonding
517(7)
Standard Hydrogen Bonds
517(6)
C-α-H...O Hydrogen Bonds
523(1)
Halogen Bonds
523(1)
Hydrogen Bonds and Living Things
524(1)
Van der Waals Attractions
524(9)
Contributions to the van der Waals Interaction
526(3)
Van der Waals Radius
529(1)
Physical Property Dependence
529(4)
Hydrophobic Effect
533(4)
Background
533(1)
Water and the Hydrophobic Effect
534(3)
Amino Acids and Proteins
537(1)
References
537(3)
Problems
540(3)
Supramolecular Chemistry
543(66)
Chemistry of Nanomaterials
545(12)
Background
546(2)
Types of Chemical Synthesis
548(2)
Thermodynamic versus Kinetic Control and Selectivity
550(4)
Introduction to Supramolecular Design
554(1)
The Nano Perspective
555(2)
Supramolecular Chemistry
557(24)
The Host-Guest Relationship
557(2)
Molecular Recognition
559(8)
Synthetic Supramolecular Host Species
567(9)
Surfactants and Micelles
576(2)
Biological Supramolecular Host Species
578(3)
Design and Synthesis of Selected Supramolecular Species
581(14)
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects
585(8)
Basic Design Parameters: The Host, the Guest, and the Solvent
593(2)
Extended Supramolecular Structures
595(8)
Golden Molecular Squares
596(3)
Synthesis of Benzocoronene Complexes
599(3)
Helical Supramolecular Polymers
602(1)
References
603(2)
Problems
605(4)
Chemical Synthesis and Modification of Nanomaterials
609(84)
Chemistry and Chemical Modification
610(5)
Types of Synthesis Processes
611(1)
Introduction to Molecular Self-Assembly
611(2)
Introduction to Chemical Functionalization
613(1)
The Nano Perspective
614(1)
Self-Assembly Revisited
615(16)
Langmuir-Blodgett Films
619(7)
Gold-Thiol Monolayers
626(3)
Organosilanes
629(2)
Synthesis and Chemical Modification of Nanomaterials
631(20)
Synthesis and Modification of Zero-Dimensional Materials
631(14)
Synthesis and Modification of One-Dimensional Materials
645(2)
Synthesis and Modification of Two-Dimensional Materials
647(4)
Template Synthesis
651(18)
Macroporous Template Materials
657(1)
Mesoporous Template Materials
658(10)
Microporous Template Materials
668(1)
Other Interesting Template Materials
668(1)
Polymer Chemistry and Nanocomposites
669(14)
Introduction to Polymer Chemistry
669(1)
Polymer Synthesis
670(5)
Block Copolymers
675(1)
Emulsion Polymerization
676(5)
Nanocomposites
681(2)
References
683(7)
Problems
690(3)
SECTION 5: NATURAL AND BIONANOSCIENCE
693(108)
Natural Nanomaterials
695(54)
Natural Nanomaterials
696(2)
Nanomaterials All around Us
697(1)
Aesthetic and Practical Value of Natural Nanomaterials
697(1)
Learning from Natural Nanomaterials
697(1)
The Nano Perspective
697(1)
Inorganic Natural Nanomaterials
698(8)
Minerals
698(2)
Clays
700(3)
Natural Carbon Nanoparticles
703(3)
Nanoparticles from Space
706(1)
Nanomaterials from the Animal Kingdom
706(15)
Building Blocks of Biomaterials
707(2)
Shells
709(2)
Exoskeletons
711(2)
Endoskeletons
713(5)
Skin and Its Extensions
718(2)
Summary
720(1)
Nanomaterials Derived from Cell Walls
721(7)
Paper
721(1)
Cotton
722(1)
Bacterial Fibers
723(2)
Diatoms
725(1)
Lotus Flower
726(2)
Nanomaterials in Insects
728(6)
Chitin
728(1)
Chitin Structures in Insect Wings
729(1)
Butterfly Wings
730(1)
Color and Structure
730(4)
Gecko Feet: Adhesive Nanostructures
734(3)
Gecko Feet
735(1)
Mechanism of Adhesion
735(1)
Attachment and Release of Grip
736(1)
Self-Cleaning
737(1)
More Natural Fibers
737(5)
Spider Silk
737(4)
Sponge Fibers
741(1)
Summary
742(1)
References
742(4)
Problems
746(3)
Biomolecular Nanoscience
749(52)
Introduction to Biomolecular Nanoscience
751(4)
Definitions: Biomolecular Nanoscience
751(1)
Historical Origins
752(1)
Biomolecular Nanoscience: Roots in Traditional Science
752(2)
The Nano Perspective
754(1)
Material Basis of Life
755(17)
Molecular Building Blocks---From the Bottom Up
755(6)
Cells and Organized Structures
761(7)
Viruses
768(1)
Prions
768(1)
Toxins and Disruptive Nanoparticles
769(1)
Completing the Circle from Top Down to Bottom Up
769(3)
Cellular Membranes and Signaling Systems
772(13)
Cell Membrane Function
773(2)
Ion Pumps, Ion Channels, and Maintenance of the Cellular Environment
775(1)
Transmission of the Neural Impulses: Action Potential and K Channel
775(7)
Synapses and Neurotransmitters
782(1)
Hormones and Regulation of Cell Growth and Metabolism
783(2)
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
785(9)
DNA and RNA Function and Structure
785(2)
DNA Replication
787(2)
DNA as a Genetic Information Storage Material
789(3)
RNA and DNA Nanoengines: Viruses and Phages
792(1)
The Role of the Protein Environment
793(1)
Concluding Remarks
794(1)
Emerging Concepts and Developments
794(1)
References
794(5)
Problems
799(2)
Index 801
Gabor L. Hornyak, Joydeep Dutta, H.F. Tibbals, Anil Rao
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