Preface |
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xxix | |
Authors |
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xxxi | |
Chapter Opening Captions And Credits |
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xxxv | |
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1 | (104) |
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Introduction: Nanoscience |
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3 | (56) |
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Nanoscience and Nanotechnology---The Distinction |
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5 | (8) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (4) |
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13 | (10) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (5) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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Integrated Circuits and Chips |
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21 | (2) |
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Microelectromechanical Systems |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (10) |
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25 | (5) |
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Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (7) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Computer Modeling and Simulation |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Nature's Take on Nano and the Advent of Molecular Biology |
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40 | (4) |
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Macroscopic Expressions of Natural Nanomaterials |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Molecular Biology and Genetics |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (8) |
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Integration of Everything |
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44 | (4) |
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Scale of Things and Timescales |
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48 | (1) |
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Grand Challenges Facing Nanoscience and Nanotechnology |
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48 | (2) |
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Next Industrial Revolution |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (3) |
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Societal Implications Of Nano |
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59 | (46) |
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Introduction to Societal Issues |
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61 | (9) |
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Societal Implications---The Background |
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61 | (2) |
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Breadth of Societal Implications |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (6) |
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Ethics in the Context of Research and Applied Science |
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71 | (1) |
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Principle of Respect for Communities |
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72 | (1) |
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Principle of the Common Good |
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73 | (2) |
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Principle of Social Justice |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (7) |
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Interaction of Law and Nanoscience |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (1) |
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Environmental Implications |
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83 | (7) |
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85 | (2) |
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Nanotechnology Risk Assessment |
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87 | (2) |
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Environmental Aspects of Nanotechnology |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (3) |
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Factors Influencing Public Perception |
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90 | (1) |
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Nano and Public Opinion Polls |
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91 | (2) |
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A Call for Two-Way Communication |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (5) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Attractionary Futuristics |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Nanotechnology End Points |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (4) |
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Introduction to Societal Issues |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Environmental Implications |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (132) |
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107 | (70) |
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Characterization of Nanomaterials |
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108 | (15) |
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109 | (4) |
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Types of Characterization Methods |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (6) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (19) |
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Electron Interactions with Matter |
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125 | (6) |
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Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Probe Microanalysis |
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131 | (4) |
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Transmission Electron Microscopy |
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135 | (5) |
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Other Important Electron Probe Methods |
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140 | (2) |
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Scanning Probe Microscopy Methods |
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142 | (12) |
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144 | (4) |
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Scanning Tunneling Microscopy |
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148 | (4) |
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Other Important Scanning Probe Methods |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (5) |
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UV-Visible Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy |
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155 | (2) |
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Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Nonradiative and Nonelectron Characterization Methods |
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159 | (12) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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Particle Size Determination |
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161 | (1) |
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Surface Area and Porosity |
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162 | (5) |
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Other Important Characterization Methods |
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167 | (4) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (4) |
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177 | (60) |
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Fabrication of Nanomaterials |
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178 | (15) |
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178 | (2) |
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Types of Top-Down Fabrication Methods |
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180 | (5) |
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Types of Bottom-Up Fabrication Methods |
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185 | (6) |
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Nebulous Bottom-Up Fabrication Categories |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (17) |
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Mechanical Methods (Mechanosynthesis) |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (3) |
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Chemical Fabrication Methods |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (7) |
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210 | (15) |
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210 | (7) |
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217 | (6) |
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Solid-Phase Bottom-Up Fabrication? |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling |
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225 | (6) |
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226 | (1) |
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General Types of Molecular Modeling Methods |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (4) |
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235 | (2) |
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SECTION 3: PHYSICS: PROPERTIES AND PHENOMENA |
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237 | (198) |
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Materials, Structure, And The Nanosurface |
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239 | (50) |
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Importance of the Surface |
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240 | (3) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (7) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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Ceramic and Glassy Materials |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Particle Shape and the Surface |
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250 | (7) |
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Exterior Surface and Particle Shape |
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251 | (4) |
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Interior Nanoscale Surface Area |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (4) |
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Geometric Surface-to-Volume Ratio |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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Spherical Cluster Approximation |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (13) |
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Crystal Systems and the Unit Cell |
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261 | (3) |
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Cubic and Hexagonal Systems |
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264 | (3) |
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Packing Fraction and Density |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (3) |
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Miller Indices and X-Ray Diffraction |
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271 | (3) |
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274 | (10) |
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Surface Polarization in Metals |
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275 | (3) |
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Particle Depolarization Factor and Screening Parameters |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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Orientation of Nanometals in Transparent Media |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (4) |
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289 | (46) |
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290 | (7) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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Introduction to Surface Stabilization |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (5) |
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Derivation of Surface Tension, γ |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Particle Curvature and the Young-Laplace Equation |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (9) |
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Classical Surface Tension |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (1) |
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Surface Tension Measurements |
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308 | (3) |
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Surface Energy (and Stress) of Solids |
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311 | (6) |
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Interaction Pair Potentials |
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313 | (1) |
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Surface Energy of Low-Index Crystals |
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313 | (3) |
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Surface Energy of Nanoparticles |
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316 | (1) |
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Surface Energy Minimization Mechanisms |
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317 | (15) |
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Surface Tension Reduction in Liquids |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (3) |
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Polymeric (Steric) Stabilization |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (3) |
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325 | (1) |
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Structural Stabilization in Solids |
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326 | (6) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (48) |
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336 | (6) |
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Material Properties and Phenomena |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (2) |
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Nano (Quantum) Perspective |
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341 | (1) |
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Basic Quantum Mechanics and the Solid State |
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342 | (15) |
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Ubiquitous Particle in a Box |
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343 | (5) |
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Two-Dimensional Quantum Systems |
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348 | (2) |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (2) |
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354 | (3) |
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Zero-Dimensional Materials |
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357 | (10) |
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357 | (3) |
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Metal Clusters and the HOCO-LUCO |
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360 | (1) |
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Optical Properties of Clusters |
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360 | (2) |
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Other Physical Properties and Phenomena |
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362 | (5) |
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One-Dimensional Materials |
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367 | (3) |
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369 | (1) |
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Physical Properties and Phenomena |
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369 | (1) |
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Two-Dimensional Materials |
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370 | (2) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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Importance of Hierarchical Materials |
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372 | (1) |
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Quantum Size Effects and Scaling Laws |
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373 | (5) |
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374 | (1) |
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Classical Scaling Laws and the Nanoscale |
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375 | (1) |
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Scaling Laws for Clusters |
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376 | (2) |
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378 | (2) |
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380 | (3) |
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383 | (52) |
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Thermodynamics and Nanothermodynamics |
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384 | (3) |
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384 | (2) |
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386 | (1) |
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Classical Equilibrium Thermodynamics |
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387 | (11) |
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Extensive and Intensive Properties and State Functions |
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387 | (3) |
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The System, Its Surroundings, and Equilibrium |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (4) |
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Fundamental Equations of Thermodynamics |
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395 | (2) |
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Equilibrium Constant and Reaction Kinetics |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (4) |
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Microstates and Macrostates |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (3) |
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Energy (Molecular) Partition Functions |
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402 | (1) |
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Other Kinds of Thermodynamics |
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402 | (8) |
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403 | (1) |
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Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics |
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404 | (2) |
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The Concept of Pseudoequilibrium |
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406 | (1) |
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Cellular and Subcellular Systems |
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407 | (3) |
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410 | (14) |
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413 | (2) |
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Application of Classical Thermodynamics to Nanomaterials |
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415 | (6) |
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Small System Thermodynamics (the Theory of T. L. Hill) |
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421 | (3) |
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Modern Nanothermodynamics |
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424 | (6) |
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Nonextensivity and Nonintensivity |
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424 | (3) |
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Nanothermodynamics of a Single Molecule |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (2) |
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Modern Non-nanothermodynamics? |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (3) |
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433 | (2) |
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SECTION 4: CHEMISTRY: SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION |
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435 | (258) |
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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials |
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437 | (50) |
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438 | (7) |
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Types of Carbon Materials |
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439 | (3) |
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Bonding in Carbon Compounds |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (2) |
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445 | (8) |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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Physical and Chemical Reactions of Fullerenes |
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448 | (5) |
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453 | (21) |
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Structure of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
|
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454 | (4) |
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Physical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
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458 | (6) |
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Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes |
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464 | (3) |
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467 | (2) |
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Chemical Modification of Carbon Nanotubes |
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469 | (5) |
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474 | (6) |
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476 | (1) |
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Thin Diamond Films (and Other Ultrahard Substances) |
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477 | (1) |
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Chemical Modification of CVD Diamond |
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478 | (2) |
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480 | (5) |
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485 | (2) |
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Chemical Interactions At The Nanoscale |
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487 | (56) |
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Bonding Considerations at the Nanoscale |
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488 | (9) |
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490 | (2) |
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Intramolecular versus Intermolecular Bonding |
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492 | (2) |
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Types of Intermolecular Bonding |
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494 | (2) |
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496 | (1) |
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Electrostatic Interactions |
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497 | (20) |
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500 | (1) |
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501 | (4) |
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Ion-Dipole and Dipole-Dipole Interactions |
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505 | (4) |
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509 | (6) |
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515 | (2) |
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517 | (7) |
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517 | (6) |
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523 | (1) |
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523 | (1) |
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Hydrogen Bonds and Living Things |
|
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524 | (1) |
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Van der Waals Attractions |
|
|
524 | (9) |
|
Contributions to the van der Waals Interaction |
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526 | (3) |
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529 | (1) |
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Physical Property Dependence |
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529 | (4) |
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533 | (4) |
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533 | (1) |
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Water and the Hydrophobic Effect |
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534 | (3) |
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537 | (1) |
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537 | (3) |
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540 | (3) |
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543 | (66) |
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Chemistry of Nanomaterials |
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545 | (12) |
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546 | (2) |
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Types of Chemical Synthesis |
|
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548 | (2) |
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Thermodynamic versus Kinetic Control and Selectivity |
|
|
550 | (4) |
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Introduction to Supramolecular Design |
|
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554 | (1) |
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555 | (2) |
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557 | (24) |
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The Host-Guest Relationship |
|
|
557 | (2) |
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559 | (8) |
|
Synthetic Supramolecular Host Species |
|
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567 | (9) |
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576 | (2) |
|
Biological Supramolecular Host Species |
|
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578 | (3) |
|
Design and Synthesis of Selected Supramolecular Species |
|
|
581 | (14) |
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Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects |
|
|
585 | (7) |
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Basic Design Parameters: The Host, the Guest, and the Solvent |
|
|
592 | (3) |
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Extended Supramolecular Structures |
|
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595 | (8) |
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596 | (3) |
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Synthesis of Benzocoronene Complexes |
|
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599 | (3) |
|
Helical Supramolecular Polymers |
|
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602 | (1) |
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603 | (2) |
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|
605 | (4) |
|
Chemical Synthesis And Modification Of Nanomaterials |
|
|
609 | (84) |
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Chemistry and Chemical Modification |
|
|
610 | (5) |
|
Types of Synthesis Processes |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Introduction to Molecular Self-Assembly |
|
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611 | (2) |
|
Introduction to Chemical Functionalization |
|
|
613 | (1) |
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614 | (1) |
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615 | (16) |
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619 | (7) |
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626 | (3) |
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629 | (2) |
|
Synthesis and Chemical Modification of Nanomaterials |
|
|
631 | (20) |
|
Synthesis and Modification of Zero-Dimensional Materials |
|
|
631 | (14) |
|
Synthesis and Modification of One-Dimensional Materials |
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
Synthesis and Modification of Two-Dimensional Materials |
|
|
647 | (4) |
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651 | (18) |
|
Macroporous Template Materials |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
Mesoporous Template Materials |
|
|
658 | (10) |
|
Microporous Template Materials |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Other Interesting Template Materials |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Polymer Chemistry and Nanocomposites |
|
|
669 | (14) |
|
Introduction to Polymer Chemistry |
|
|
669 | (1) |
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670 | (3) |
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673 | (3) |
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676 | (5) |
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681 | (2) |
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683 | (7) |
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|
690 | (3) |
|
SECTION 5: NATURAL AND BIONANOSCIENCE |
|
|
693 | (108) |
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695 | (54) |
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|
696 | (2) |
|
Nanomaterials All around Us |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
Aesthetic and Practical Value of Natural Nanomaterials |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
Learning from Natural Nanomaterials |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
Inorganic Natural Nanomaterials |
|
|
698 | (8) |
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|
698 | (2) |
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|
700 | (3) |
|
Natural Carbon Nanoparticles |
|
|
703 | (3) |
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|
706 | (1) |
|
Nanomaterials from the Animal Kingdom |
|
|
706 | (15) |
|
Building Blocks of Biomaterials |
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707 | (2) |
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709 | (2) |
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711 | (2) |
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713 | (5) |
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718 | (2) |
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|
720 | (1) |
|
Nanomaterials Derived from Cell Walls |
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|
721 | (7) |
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721 | (1) |
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722 | (1) |
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723 | (2) |
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725 | (1) |
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726 | (2) |
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728 | (6) |
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|
728 | (1) |
|
Chitin Structures in Insect Wings |
|
|
729 | (1) |
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730 | (1) |
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|
730 | (4) |
|
Gecko Feet: Adhesive Nanostructures |
|
|
734 | (3) |
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|
735 | (1) |
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|
735 | (1) |
|
Attachment and Release of Grip |
|
|
736 | (1) |
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737 | (1) |
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|
737 | (5) |
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|
737 | (4) |
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741 | (1) |
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|
742 | (1) |
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|
742 | (4) |
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|
746 | (3) |
|
|
749 | (52) |
|
Introduction to Biomolecular Nanoscience |
|
|
751 | (4) |
|
Definitions: Biomolecular Nanoscience |
|
|
751 | (1) |
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|
752 | (1) |
|
Biomolecular Nanoscience: Roots in Traditional Science |
|
|
752 | (2) |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
755 | (17) |
|
Molecular Building Blocks---From the Bottom Up |
|
|
755 | (6) |
|
Cells and Organized Structures |
|
|
761 | (7) |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
Toxins and Disruptive Nanoparticles |
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
Completing the Circle from Top Down to Bottom Up |
|
|
769 | (3) |
|
Cellular Membranes and Signaling Systems |
|
|
772 | (13) |
|
|
773 | (2) |
|
Ion Pumps, Ion Channels, and Maintenance of the Cellular Environment |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Transmission of Neural Impulses: Action Potential and K Channel |
|
|
775 | (7) |
|
Synapses and Neurotransmitters |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
Hormones and Regulation of Cell Growth and Metabolism |
|
|
783 | (2) |
|
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis |
|
|
785 | (9) |
|
DNA and RNA Function and Structure |
|
|
785 | (2) |
|
|
787 | (2) |
|
DNA as a Genetic Information Storage Material |
|
|
789 | (3) |
|
RNA and DNA Nanoengines: Viruses and Phages |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
The Role of the Protein Environment |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
Emerging Concepts and Developments |
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
|
794 | (5) |
|
|
799 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
801 | (120) |
|
Introduction: Nanotechnology |
|
|
803 | (50) |
|
Perspectives of Nanotechnology |
|
|
804 | (6) |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
Technology Revolution or Evolution? |
|
|
806 | (3) |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
The Business of Nanotechnology |
|
|
810 | (13) |
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
Sources of Nanotechnology Inventions |
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
Founding a Company---What to Do First? |
|
|
814 | (2) |
|
|
816 | (2) |
|
Registering a Company---Where? |
|
|
818 | (2) |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
Developing and Manufacturing a Product |
|
|
821 | (1) |
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
Education and Workforce Development |
|
|
823 | (6) |
|
Technological Revolutions---The Workforce Point of View |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
The State of Education and Workforce Development |
|
|
825 | (2) |
|
Current Workforce and Education Programs |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
The Workforce of the Future |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
Planning Ahead and Potential Career Paths |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
|
829 | (13) |
|
Nanotechnology in Buildings---Environmental Aspects |
|
|
830 | (3) |
|
The Needs of Scientists and Engineers (And Equipment and Instrumentation) |
|
|
833 | (6) |
|
Advanced Facilities That Support Nano and Biotech |
|
|
839 | (3) |
|
National and International Infrastructure |
|
|
842 | (5) |
|
Research and Development Organizations |
|
|
843 | (1) |
|
Economic Development Organizations |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
Organizations Centered on Societal Implications |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
Nanotechnology News Services |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
International Organizations and Institutes |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
848 | (2) |
|
|
850 | (3) |
|
Nanometrology: Standards And Nanomanufacturing |
|
|
853 | (68) |
|
|
856 | (8) |
|
Background to Nanometrology |
|
|
857 | (4) |
|
Background to Nanomanufacturing |
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
|
862 | (2) |
|
Nanometrology and Uncertainty |
|
|
864 | (14) |
|
|
866 | (1) |
|
|
866 | (2) |
|
|
868 | (3) |
|
|
871 | (5) |
|
|
876 | (2) |
|
|
878 | (12) |
|
Atomic Clocks, the Meter, and Time |
|
|
879 | (5) |
|
|
884 | (4) |
|
The Single-Electron Transistor |
|
|
888 | (2) |
|
|
890 | (8) |
|
Electron Beam and Atomic Force Tools |
|
|
890 | (3) |
|
|
893 | (3) |
|
|
896 | (2) |
|
Nanometrology and Nanomanufacturing Standards |
|
|
898 | (4) |
|
Standards for Nanotechnology |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
IEEE Roadmap for Nanoelectronics |
|
|
901 | (1) |
|
Nanomanufacturing and Molecular Assembly |
|
|
902 | (10) |
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
Nanomanipulators and Grippers |
|
|
903 | (2) |
|
|
905 | (2) |
|
Molecular Scale Assembly Lines |
|
|
907 | (5) |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
|
912 | (7) |
|
|
919 | (2) |
|
SECTION 7: ELECTROMAGNETIC NANOENGINEERING |
|
|
921 | (116) |
|
|
923 | (42) |
|
Electronics and Nanoelectronics |
|
|
924 | (6) |
|
Basic Electronic Terminology and Symbols |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
Fundamental Types of Electronic Materials (and Nanomaterials) |
|
|
924 | (2) |
|
Fundamental Kinds of Electronic Devices |
|
|
926 | (3) |
|
|
929 | (1) |
|
|
930 | (20) |
|
Introduction to Band Structure |
|
|
930 | (5) |
|
Basic Conductor and Semiconductor Physics |
|
|
935 | (14) |
|
|
949 | (1) |
|
|
950 | (13) |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
The Current State of Microelectronics and Extensions to the Nanoscale |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
Nanotechnology-Based Strategies: Single-Electron Tunneling |
|
|
951 | (6) |
|
Nanotechnology-Based Strategies: Molecular Wires |
|
|
957 | (6) |
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
965 | (38) |
|
|
966 | (7) |
|
Interactions of Light with Matter |
|
|
969 | (3) |
|
|
972 | (1) |
|
|
973 | (11) |
|
The Surface Plasmon Resonance |
|
|
973 | (6) |
|
|
979 | (2) |
|
Color Generation from Nanoparticles and Nanostructures |
|
|
981 | (1) |
|
Applications of Nanoplasmonics |
|
|
982 | (2) |
|
|
984 | (7) |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
987 | (4) |
|
|
991 | (3) |
|
|
991 | (1) |
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
|
994 | (6) |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
Photonic Structures in Living Systems |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
|
996 | (3) |
|
Fabrication of Nanophotonic Crystals |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
|
1000 | (2) |
|
|
1002 | (1) |
|
|
1003 | (34) |
|
|
1004 | (4) |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
Magnetic Phenomena and Their Classical Interpretation |
|
|
1005 | (2) |
|
|
1007 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Nanomagnetic Systems |
|
|
1008 | (10) |
|
Introduction to Nanomagnetism |
|
|
1008 | (3) |
|
Characteristics of Nanomagnetic Materials |
|
|
1011 | (1) |
|
Magnetization and Nanostructures |
|
|
1012 | (6) |
|
Magnetism in Reduced Dimensional Systems |
|
|
1018 | (2) |
|
|
1018 | (1) |
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
Physical Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures |
|
|
1020 | (3) |
|
Substrate Effects on Structures and Related Properties |
|
|
1020 | (1) |
|
Oscillatory Exchange Coupling |
|
|
1020 | (1) |
|
|
1020 | (1) |
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
Magnetic Moments of 3d Transition Metal Clusters |
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
The Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Moments |
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
Recent Progress in Nanoscale Sample Preparation |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
Nanomagnetism Applications |
|
|
1023 | (11) |
|
|
1023 | (3) |
|
Current Status of Spin-Based Electronics Devices |
|
|
1026 | (3) |
|
|
1029 | (1) |
|
Nanomagnetism for Biomedical Applications |
|
|
1030 | (4) |
|
|
1034 | (1) |
|
|
1034 | (3) |
|
SECTION 8: MECHANICAL NANOENGINEERING |
|
|
1037 | (146) |
|
|
1039 | (54) |
|
|
1040 | (9) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
|
1041 | (6) |
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
|
1049 | (1) |
|
|
1050 | (3) |
|
|
1053 | (2) |
|
Linear Elasticity Relations |
|
|
1055 | (3) |
|
Orthotropic and Isotropic Materials |
|
|
1056 | (1) |
|
|
1056 | (2) |
|
|
1058 | (8) |
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
Nordsieck/Gear Predictor-Corrector Methods |
|
|
1059 | (2) |
|
Molecular Dynamics Applications |
|
|
1061 | (3) |
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
Wear at the Nanometer Level |
|
|
1065 | (1) |
|
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes |
|
|
1066 | (3) |
|
Structure of Carbon Nanotubes |
|
|
1066 | (2) |
|
Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes |
|
|
1068 | (1) |
|
Nanomechanical Measurement Techniques and Applications |
|
|
1069 | (5) |
|
AFM Measurements: Mechanical Properties of CNTs |
|
|
1070 | (2) |
|
|
1072 | (2) |
|
Nano-Microelectromechanical Systems (NEMS/MEMS) |
|
|
1074 | (11) |
|
MEMS Fabrication Techniques |
|
|
1074 | (5) |
|
NEMS Fabrication Techniques |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
NEMS/MEMS Motion Dynamics |
|
|
1080 | (2) |
|
MEMS Devices and Applications |
|
|
1082 | (2) |
|
NEMS Devices and Applications |
|
|
1084 | (1) |
|
|
1085 | (1) |
|
|
1085 | (1) |
|
|
1086 | (3) |
|
|
1089 | (4) |
|
Nanostructure And Nanocomposite Thin Films |
|
|
1093 | (68) |
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
Classification of Nanostructured, Nanocomposite Tribological Coatings |
|
|
1094 | (7) |
|
Nanoscale Multilayer Coatings |
|
|
1094 | (2) |
|
|
1096 | (4) |
|
Functionally Graded Coatings |
|
|
1100 | (1) |
|
Background of Nanostructured Super-Hard Coatings |
|
|
1101 | (5) |
|
Nanoscale Multilayer Coatings |
|
|
1103 | (1) |
|
Single-Layer Nanocomposite Coatings |
|
|
1104 | (2) |
|
New Directions for Nanostructured Super-Tough Coatings |
|
|
1106 | (3) |
|
Functionally Graded Multilayer Coatings |
|
|
1106 | (2) |
|
Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Coatings |
|
|
1108 | (1) |
|
Processing Techniques and Principles |
|
|
1109 | (22) |
|
|
1110 | (1) |
|
Chemical Vapor Deposition |
|
|
1111 | (3) |
|
Physical Vapor Deposition |
|
|
1114 | (17) |
|
General Considerations and Practical Aspects of Sputtering Deposition |
|
|
1131 | (16) |
|
Reactive Sputtering Deposition Process Stability |
|
|
1132 | (2) |
|
Film Structure Control (Structure Zone Models) |
|
|
1134 | (3) |
|
Sputtering Glow Discharges |
|
|
1137 | (2) |
|
Energetic Enhanced Deposition |
|
|
1139 | (8) |
|
|
1147 | (11) |
|
|
1158 | (3) |
|
Applications Of Thin Films |
|
|
1161 | (22) |
|
Technological Applications of Thin Films |
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Ti-Al-Si-N Coatings |
|
|
1162 | (3) |
|
Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Ti-Si-B-C-N Coatings |
|
|
1165 | (5) |
|
Pulsed Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Cr-Al-N Coatings |
|
|
1170 | (9) |
|
|
1179 | (1) |
|
|
1180 | (1) |
|
|
1181 | (2) |
|
SECTION 9: CHEMICAL NANOENGINEERING |
|
|
1183 | (96) |
|
|
1185 | (22) |
|
Introduction to Catalytic and Nanocatalytic Materials |
|
|
1187 | (3) |
|
The Importance of Catalysis in a Modern Society |
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
|
1188 | (2) |
|
Fundamentals of Catalysis |
|
|
1190 | (8) |
|
Adsorption of a Molecule on a Catalyst Surface |
|
|
1190 | (2) |
|
|
1192 | (3) |
|
|
1195 | (3) |
|
|
1198 | (3) |
|
|
1198 | (1) |
|
Example of a Conventional Synthetic Technique |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
Nontraditional Methods for Preparing Nanocatalysts |
|
|
1200 | (1) |
|
Catalyst Characterization |
|
|
1201 | (4) |
|
|
1201 | (1) |
|
Bulk Characterization Techniques |
|
|
1202 | (2) |
|
Surface Characterization Techniques |
|
|
1204 | (1) |
|
|
1205 | (1) |
|
|
1206 | (1) |
|
Nanocomposites And Fibers |
|
|
1207 | (72) |
|
Nanocomposites and Fibers |
|
|
1208 | (10) |
|
|
1210 | (2) |
|
Overview of Engineering Materials |
|
|
1212 | (2) |
|
Types of Composite Materials and Generic Structures |
|
|
1214 | (2) |
|
|
1216 | (2) |
|
Physical and Chemical Properties of Materials |
|
|
1218 | (16) |
|
|
1218 | (10) |
|
|
1228 | (2) |
|
|
1230 | (2) |
|
|
1232 | (2) |
|
|
1234 | (3) |
|
|
1234 | (1) |
|
Hard Natural Nanocomposites |
|
|
1234 | (3) |
|
Carbon Fibers and Nanotubes |
|
|
1237 | (14) |
|
Types of Fibers, Whiskers, and Nanotubes |
|
|
1239 | (2) |
|
Synthesis of Fibers and Nanotubes |
|
|
1241 | (5) |
|
Chemical Modification of Carbon Nanotubes |
|
|
1246 | (2) |
|
Carbon Nanotube Applications |
|
|
1248 | (3) |
|
Organic Polymer Nanocomposites |
|
|
1251 | (11) |
|
|
1252 | (2) |
|
|
1254 | (2) |
|
Nanofilled Composite Design, Synthesis, and Properties |
|
|
1256 | (1) |
|
Enhanced Polymer Nanocomposites |
|
|
1257 | (5) |
|
Metal and Ceramic Nanocomposites |
|
|
1262 | (5) |
|
|
1262 | (1) |
|
|
1263 | (1) |
|
|
1264 | (1) |
|
|
1265 | (2) |
|
Clay Nanocomposite Materials |
|
|
1267 | (5) |
|
Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites |
|
|
1267 | (2) |
|
Montmorillonite Clay Nanocomposites |
|
|
1269 | (1) |
|
Halloysite Nanotube Clay Composites |
|
|
1270 | (2) |
|
|
1272 | (6) |
|
|
1278 | (1) |
|
SECTION 10: BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL NANOENGINEERING |
|
|
1279 | (290) |
|
|
1281 | (40) |
|
Introduction to Nanobiotechnology |
|
|
1282 | (2) |
|
|
1283 | (1) |
|
|
1283 | (1) |
|
|
1283 | (1) |
|
Biomolecular Nanotechnology |
|
|
1283 | (1) |
|
Biomedical Nanotechnology |
|
|
1284 | (1) |
|
|
1284 | (1) |
|
The Biological Immune System |
|
|
1284 | (6) |
|
Natural Molecular Recognition |
|
|
1284 | (2) |
|
|
1286 | (1) |
|
The Adaptive Immune System |
|
|
1286 | (2) |
|
White Blood Cells and Antibodies |
|
|
1288 | (2) |
|
Using Antibodies in Biosensors: Immunoassays |
|
|
1290 | (2) |
|
Antibodies in Molecular Recognition Sensors |
|
|
1290 | (1) |
|
|
1290 | (1) |
|
|
1290 | (1) |
|
|
1291 | (1) |
|
|
1291 | (1) |
|
Antibodies as Selection Tools for Biosensors |
|
|
1291 | (1) |
|
Cantilevers as Nano-Biosensors |
|
|
1292 | (3) |
|
Sensing Physical Properties |
|
|
1292 | (1) |
|
Cantilevers and Selective Binding |
|
|
1293 | (1) |
|
Active Cantilever Sensors |
|
|
1293 | (1) |
|
Passive Cantilever Sensors |
|
|
1293 | (1) |
|
Surface Effects on Nanocantilevers |
|
|
1294 | (1) |
|
|
1294 | (1) |
|
Surface Free Energy at the Nanoscale |
|
|
1295 | (1) |
|
Micro- and Nanosensors and Applications |
|
|
1295 | (5) |
|
Biomedical Cantilever Applications |
|
|
1295 | (1) |
|
Cantilever Sensor for Cancer Screening |
|
|
1296 | (1) |
|
Biotechnology Applications of Cantilevers |
|
|
1296 | (1) |
|
Surface Acoustic Wave Nanosensors |
|
|
1297 | (1) |
|
Electrochemical Nanosensors |
|
|
1298 | (2) |
|
|
1300 | (6) |
|
|
1300 | (1) |
|
Surface Plasmon Nanosensors |
|
|
1301 | (2) |
|
Nanoscale Optical Resonance Grids---Using the Butterfly Wing Effect |
|
|
1303 | (1) |
|
Guided-Mode Resonance Sensors |
|
|
1303 | (1) |
|
Applications of Guided Mode Sensors |
|
|
1304 | (2) |
|
Nanotechnology for Manipulation of Biomolecules |
|
|
1306 | (7) |
|
|
1306 | (1) |
|
|
1307 | (1) |
|
Some Dielectrophoresis Applications |
|
|
1308 | (2) |
|
|
1310 | (1) |
|
Biochips, Labs on Chips, and Integrated Systems |
|
|
1311 | (2) |
|
|
1313 | (1) |
|
|
1313 | (1) |
|
|
1313 | (6) |
|
|
1319 | (2) |
|
|
1321 | (84) |
|
The Bio Sciences and Technologies |
|
|
1322 | (6) |
|
Biomimetics, Bioengineering, and Other Bioengineering Fields |
|
|
1322 | (4) |
|
Biomimetics as an Emerging Science and Engineering Discipline |
|
|
1326 | (1) |
|
|
1326 | (1) |
|
|
1327 | (1) |
|
Biomimetic Design of Molecules |
|
|
1328 | (12) |
|
Design and Discovery of Drugs |
|
|
1329 | (1) |
|
Targeting with Magic Bullets |
|
|
1330 | (2) |
|
Aspirin: Signaling Pathways Revealed by the Willow |
|
|
1332 | (4) |
|
Taxol: Novel Drug Actions on the Nanolevel |
|
|
1336 | (2) |
|
Pyrethrum: Learning from the Daisy |
|
|
1338 | (2) |
|
|
1340 | (28) |
|
Biomimetic Mineral Nanoparticles |
|
|
1341 | (1) |
|
|
1342 | (4) |
|
|
1346 | (2) |
|
|
1348 | (3) |
|
The Lesson of the Lotus---Nanocontrol of Surfaces |
|
|
1351 | (3) |
|
Gecko Glue and Other Biomimetic Nanoadhesives |
|
|
1354 | (11) |
|
Biomimetic Membranes and Nanocapsules |
|
|
1365 | (2) |
|
Some Other Biomimetic Materials |
|
|
1367 | (1) |
|
Biomimetic Nanoengineering |
|
|
1368 | (18) |
|
|
1368 | (3) |
|
|
1371 | (1) |
|
|
1372 | (10) |
|
Sensors Based on Biomimetic Moieties |
|
|
1382 | (1) |
|
Biomimetic Molecular Nanoengines |
|
|
1383 | (3) |
|
|
1386 | (1) |
|
|
1387 | (16) |
|
|
1403 | (2) |
|
|
1405 | (78) |
|
Introduction to Medical Nanotechnology |
|
|
1407 | (10) |
|
Definitions: Medicine and Medical Nanoscience |
|
|
1407 | (1) |
|
Historical Origins: Medical Breakthroughs |
|
|
1408 | (3) |
|
Medical Nanoscience: Roots in Medical Science |
|
|
1411 | (1) |
|
Future Possibilities for Medical Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine |
|
|
1412 | (4) |
|
Putting Medical Nanoscience into Practice: Medical Nanotechnology |
|
|
1416 | (1) |
|
Nanoparticles and Nanoencapsulation for Medical Applications |
|
|
1417 | (10) |
|
Nanoparticles for Medical Imaging |
|
|
1418 | (1) |
|
Nanoparticles for Targeting Cancer Cells |
|
|
1419 | (1) |
|
Nanoencapsulation for Drug Delivery to Tumors |
|
|
1420 | (1) |
|
Nanoencapsulation for Penetration of the Blood-Brain Barrier |
|
|
1421 | (2) |
|
Nanoparticles and Nanoencapsulation for Insulin Delivery |
|
|
1423 | (3) |
|
Nanoencapsulation for Protection of Implants from the Immune System |
|
|
1426 | (1) |
|
Guiding and Stimulating Tissue Function and Growth |
|
|
1427 | (35) |
|
Nanoguides for Neural Growth and Repair |
|
|
1427 | (7) |
|
Neuronal Stimulation and Monitoring |
|
|
1434 | (1) |
|
Neurostimulation for Pain and Nervous Disorders |
|
|
1435 | (1) |
|
|
1436 | (17) |
|
Neuroprosthetics for the Ear |
|
|
1453 | (5) |
|
|
1458 | (4) |
|
|
1462 | (1) |
|
|
1463 | (1) |
|
|
1463 | (19) |
|
|
1482 | (1) |
|
Environmental Nanotechnology |
|
|
1483 | (86) |
|
The Environment (and Technology) |
|
|
1484 | (24) |
|
|
1485 | (1) |
|
Traditional Methods of Detecting Environmental Contaminants |
|
|
1486 | (1) |
|
Types of Environmental Sensors |
|
|
1487 | (8) |
|
Introduction to Environmental Mitigation |
|
|
1495 | (5) |
|
National Security and Defense |
|
|
1500 | (6) |
|
|
1506 | (2) |
|
Water and Soil Quality, Monitoring, and Mitigation |
|
|
1508 | (14) |
|
Traditional Water Treatment |
|
|
1509 | (2) |
|
Nanomaterial Contamination in Aqueous Environments |
|
|
1511 | (2) |
|
Activated Carbon---A Simple Traditional Nanotechnology |
|
|
1513 | (3) |
|
Membranes and Separation Technology |
|
|
1516 | (5) |
|
|
1521 | (1) |
|
Chemical and Biological Sensors and Detectors |
|
|
1522 | (1) |
|
Air Quality, Monitoring, and Mitigation |
|
|
1522 | (6) |
|
Gas Separation: Advanced Membrane Technology |
|
|
1523 | (3) |
|
|
1526 | (1) |
|
Hydrogen Production and Purification |
|
|
1527 | (1) |
|
Chemical Sensing and Detection |
|
|
1528 | (1) |
|
|
1528 | (23) |
|
|
1530 | (9) |
|
|
1539 | (3) |
|
Hydrogen Production and Storage |
|
|
1542 | (6) |
|
|
1548 | (3) |
|
Solar Heating and Power Generation |
|
|
1551 | (1) |
|
|
1551 | (4) |
|
|
1552 | (1) |
|
One More Pass at Hydrogen Storage |
|
|
1553 | (2) |
|
|
1555 | (1) |
|
|
1555 | (1) |
|
|
1555 | (12) |
|
|
1567 | (2) |
Index |
|
1569 | |