Preface |
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xi | |
Introduction |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
1 A Review of Basic Electrostatics |
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1 | (32) |
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1.1 Charge, Force, and the Electric Field |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Electric Flux Density and Gauss's Law |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (3) |
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1.4 Potential, Gradient, and Capacitance |
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10 | (6) |
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1.5 Energy in the Electric Field |
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16 | (2) |
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1.6 Poisson's and Laplace's Equations |
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18 | (2) |
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1.7 Dielectric Interfaces |
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20 | (4) |
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24 | (3) |
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1.9 The Case for Approximate Numerical Analysis |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (4) |
2 The Uses of Electrostatics |
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33 | (18) |
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33 | (8) |
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2.2 Radio Frequency Transmission Lines |
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41 | (3) |
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2.3 Vacuum Tubes and Cathode Ray Tubes |
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44 | (3) |
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2.4 Field Emission and the Scanning Electron Microscope |
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47 | (1) |
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2.5 Electrostatic Force Devices |
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48 | (1) |
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2.6 Gas Discharges and Lighting Devices |
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49 | (2) |
3 Introduction to the Method of Moments Technique for Electrostatics |
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51 | (16) |
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3.1 Fundamental Equations |
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51 | (4) |
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3.2 A Working Equation Set |
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55 | (1) |
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3.3 The Single-Point Approximation for Off-Diagonal Terms |
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56 | (1) |
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3.4 Exact Solutions for the Diagonal Term and In-Plane Terms |
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57 | (4) |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (3) |
4 Examples using the Method of Moments |
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67 | (22) |
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4.1 A First Modeling Program |
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67 | (1) |
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4.2 Input Data File Preparation for the First Modeling Program |
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68 | (3) |
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4.3 Processing the Input Data |
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71 | (2) |
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4.4 Generating the Lij Array |
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73 | (1) |
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4.5 Solving the System and Examining Some Results |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (4) |
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82 | (5) |
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87 | (2) |
5 Symmetries, Images and Dielectrics |
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89 | (34) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (5) |
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5.3 Multiple Images and the Symmetric Stripline |
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95 | (7) |
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5.4 Dielectric Interfaces |
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102 | (6) |
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5.5 Two-Dimensional Cross Sections of Uniform Three-Dimensional Structures |
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108 | (5) |
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5.6 Charge Profiles and Current Bunching |
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113 | (3) |
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5.7 Cylinder between Two Planes |
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116 | (5) |
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121 | (2) |
6 Triangles |
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123 | (36) |
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6.1 Introduction to Triangular Cells |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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6.3 Calculating Li,i (Self) Coefficients |
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125 | (2) |
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6.4 Calculating Lij for i not = to j |
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127 | (1) |
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6.5 Basic Meshing and Data Formats for Triangular Cell MoM Programs |
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127 | (8) |
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6.6 Using MATLAB to Generate Triangular Meshings |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (2) |
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6.8 Calculating the Electric Field |
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141 | (2) |
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6.9 Three-Dimensional Structures |
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143 | (9) |
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152 | (4) |
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156 | (3) |
7 Summary and Overview |
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159 | (4) |
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7.1 Where We Were, Where We're Going |
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159 | (4) |
8 The Finite Difference Method |
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163 | (20) |
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8.1 Introduction and a Simple Example |
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163 | (2) |
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8.2 Setting Up and Solving a Basic Problem |
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165 | (7) |
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8.3 The Gauss-Seidel (Relaxation) Solution Technique |
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172 | (3) |
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8.4 Charge, Gauss's Law, and Resolution |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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8.6 Stored Energy and Capacitance |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (2) |
9 Refining the Finite Difference Method |
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183 | (44) |
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183 | (6) |
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9.2 Arbitrary Conductor Shapes |
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189 | (5) |
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9.3 Mixed Dielectric Regions and a New Derivation of the Finite Difference Equation |
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194 | (1) |
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9.4 Example: Structure with a Dielectric Interface |
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195 | (1) |
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9.5 Axisymmetric Cylindrical Coordinates |
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196 | (9) |
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9.6 Symmetry Boundary Condition |
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205 | (2) |
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9.7 Duality, and Upper and Lower Bounds to Solutions for Transmission Lines |
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207 | (7) |
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214 | (3) |
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9.9 Three-Dimensional Grids |
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217 | (6) |
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223 | (4) |
10 Multielectrode Systems |
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227 | (10) |
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10.1 Multielectrode Structures |
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227 | (2) |
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10.2 Utilizing Superposition |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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10.4 Circuital Relations and a Caveat |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (3) |
11 Probabilistic Potential Theory |
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237 | (28) |
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11.1 Random Walks and the Diffusion Equation |
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237 | (2) |
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11.2 Voltage at a Point from Random Walks |
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239 | (7) |
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246 | (3) |
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11.4 Variable-Step-Size Random Walks |
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249 | (11) |
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11.5 Three-Dimensional Structures |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (4) |
12 The Finite Element Method (FEM) |
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265 | (24) |
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265 | (1) |
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12.2 Solving Laplace's Equation by Minimizing Stored Energy |
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266 | (1) |
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12.3 A Simple One-Dimensional Example |
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267 | (4) |
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12.4 A Very Simple Finite Element Approximation |
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271 | (3) |
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12.5 Arbitrary Number of Lines Approximation |
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274 | (4) |
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278 | (1) |
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12.7 A Quadratic Approximation |
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279 | (3) |
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12.8 A Simple Two-Dimensional FEM Program |
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282 | (5) |
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287 | (2) |
13 Triangles and Two-Dimensional Unstructured Grids |
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289 | (14) |
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289 | (1) |
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13.2 Aside: The Area of a Triangle |
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290 | (1) |
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13.3 The Coefficient Matrix |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (3) |
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13.5 A Two-Dimensional Triangular Mesh Program |
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296 | (4) |
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300 | (3) |
14 A Zoning System and Some Examples |
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303 | (26) |
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14.1 General Introduction |
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303 | (1) |
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14.2 Introduction to gmsh |
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304 | (4) |
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14.3 Translating the gmsh.msh File |
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308 | (11) |
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14.4 Running the FEM Analysis |
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319 | (1) |
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14.5 More gmsh Features and Examining the Electric Field |
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320 | (4) |
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324 | (3) |
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327 | (2) |
15 Some FEM Topics |
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329 | (46) |
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329 | (1) |
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15.2 A Symmetry Example, Including a Two-Sided Capacitance Estimate |
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330 | (7) |
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15.3 Axisymmetric Structures |
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337 | (11) |
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15.4 The Graded-Potential Boundary Condition |
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348 | (4) |
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352 | (12) |
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15.6 Dielectric Materials |
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364 | (7) |
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371 | (4) |
16 FEM in Three Dimensions |
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375 | (24) |
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16.1 Creating Three-Dimensional Meshes |
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375 | (9) |
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16.2 The FEM Coefficient Matrix in Three Dimensions |
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384 | (2) |
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16.3 Parsing the gmsh Files and Setting Boundary Conditions |
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386 | (6) |
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16.4 Open Boundaries and Cylinders in Space |
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392 | (4) |
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396 | (3) |
17 Electrostatic Forces |
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399 | (24) |
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399 | (1) |
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17.2 Electron Beam Acceleration and Control |
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400 | (8) |
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17.3 The Electrostatic Relay (Switch) |
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408 | (6) |
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17.4 Electrets and Piezoelectricity: An Overview |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (4) |
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419 | (4) |
Appendix Interfacing with Other Languages |
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423 | (8) |
Index |
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431 | |